Izinyathelo Zokuphatha Eziphuthumayo Zokuvuza Komhlaba kwe-Sodium Cyanide

1. Ukusabela Ngokushesha kanye Nesaziso

• I-alamu kanye nokubikwa kolwazi: Kanye a i-sodium cyanide ukuvuza kutholwa emhlabeni, isinyathelo sokuqala ukubika isigameko ngokushesha emnyangweni wendawo wokuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo, umnyango wokuvikela imvelo, kanye nezinhlaka ezifanele zokuqondisa ukuphepha kwezimboni. Nikeza imininingwane enemininingwane njengendawo okuvuza kuyo, inani elilinganiselwe lokuvuza I-Sodium Cyanide, kanye nanoma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ezindaweni eziseduze, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala, imithombo yamanzi, kanye nemvelo ebucayi.

• Ukugqugquzela Ithimba Lezimo Eziphuthumayo: Yenza kusebenze ithimba lokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo eselisungulwe ngaphambilini. Leli thimba kufanele libe nochwepheshe abaqeqeshelwe ukuphatha izehlakalo zamakhemikhali ayingozi, okuhlanganisa osokhemisi, izicishamlilo ezinokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kokusabela kwamakhemikhali, kanye nochwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amalungu eqembu aziswa ngokushesha futhi ayazi ngezibopho zawo ezithile ohlelweni lokuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesayithi kanye Nokukhishwa

• Ukusungula Ipherimitha ephephile: Setha i-perimeter yezokuphepha endaweni yokuvuza. Usayizi we-perimeter kufanele unqunywe ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nenani lokuvuza I-sodium cyanide, isiqondiso somoya, ne-topography. Njengomhlahlandlela ojwayelekile, lapho kuvuza okubalulekile, kungase kudingeke indawo yokuqala yokuhlukanisa engaba amamitha ayi-100, kodwa lokhu kufanele kulungiswe ngokuya ngesimo sangempela. Sebenzisa izithiyo ezibonakalayo ezifana nezithiyo, amateyipu, noma izimoto ukuze umake umjikelezo ngokucacile.

• Ukukhishwa Kwezindawo Ezithintekile: Khipha bonke abasebenzi abangabalulekile ezindaweni ezingaphakathi komngcele osunguliwe kanye nezindawo ezingase zibe nomthelela omubi. Nikeza iziyalezo ezicacile zokuphuma emphakathini ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengezipikha, izexwayiso zesimo esiphuthumayo kumaselula, nezimemezelo zemidiya yendawo. Khetha izindlela zokuphuma eziphephile ezigwema izindawo lapho ubungozi bokuchayeka ku-sodium i-cyanide iphezulu. Qinisekisa ukuthi amaqembu asengozini, njengasebekhulile, abakhubazekile, nezingane, anikezwa usizo olukhethekile phakathi nenqubo yokuphuma.

3. Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE) Zabasebenzi Abasabelayo

• Ukukhetha Okufanelekile kwe-PPE: Bonke abasebenzi abathintekayo ekuphenduleni izimo eziphuthumayo endaweni kufanele bagqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amasudi omoya - amakhemikhali aqinile - amelana nawo wonke umzimba, izinto eziziphefumulelayo (SCBA) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala komoya ohlanzekile, amagilavu ​​angazweli amakhemikhali, namabhuzu. I-PPE kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi ifanelekele ukuvikeleka emvelweni enobuthi obukhulu be-sodium cyanide.

• Ukuqeqeshwa Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-PPE: Ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokuphendula, qinisekisa ukuthi bonke abaphenduli besimo esiphuthumayo baqeqeshwe kahle ekusebenziseni okulungile, ukunikela, nokukhipha okokusebenza kokuzivikela komuntu siqu. Ukuzivivinya okuvamile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kugcinwe ubungcweti, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwe-PPE kungaholela ezingozini ezinkulu zokuchayeka kubaphenduli.

4. Ukulawula Umthombo Wokuvuza

• Ukuvala ama-Valves nokumisa ukukhishwa: Uma kungenzeka, khomba futhi uvale amavalvu noma imithombo ebangela ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuvala amapayipi, ukuvala ama-valve ethangi lokugcina, noma ukumisa ukusebenza kwezinto ezihilelekile ekuvuzeni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kuzanywe kuphela abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abagqoke i-PPE efanele nangemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuphepha.

• Ukuqukatha Ukuvuza Kwe-Liquid: Uma kuvuza i-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi, sebenzisa izinto ezimuncayo ezifana nokusebenza I-Carbon, i-vermiculite, noma ama-pad akhethekile angenamakhemikhali ukuze agcine futhi amunce into evuzayo. Yakha imisele yesikhashana noma izithiyo ezizungeze indawo evuzayo usebenzisa izinto ezifana nezikhwama zesihlabathi ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi. Lezi zithiyo kufanele zenzelwe ukuqondisa ukugeleza kwento evuzayo endaweni yokuqoqa elawulwayo.

• Ukuphatha Ukuvuza Okuqinile: Endabeni yokuvuza okuqinile kwe-sodium cyanide, sebenzisa amafosholo ahlanzekile, omile ukuze uqoqe ngokucophelela izinhlayiya eziqinile. Faka i-sodium cyanide eqoqiwe ezitsheni ezihlanzekile, ezomile, nezivalwe ngokuqinile. Gwema ukukhiqiza uthuli phakathi nenqubo yokuqoqa, njengoba uthuli lwe-sodium cyanide olusemoyeni lungaba nobuthi obukhulu.

5. Ukukhipha ukungcola kanye Nokuhlanza - up

• Ukukhipha Amakhemikhali: Ngemva kokuqukatha ukuvuza, sebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokuqeda ukungcola kwamakhemikhali. Enye indlela evamile ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezinamandla ze-alkaline hypochlorite. Thatha i-sodium cyanide ne-hypochlorite endaweni elawulwayo. Ukusabela ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe amahora angu-24 ukuhlukanisa i-cyanide ibe izinto eziyingozi kancane. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha futhi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kochwepheshe.

• Ukuhlanzwa Kwemvelo - phezulu: Uma ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali sekuphelile, hlanza indawo ethintekile kahle. Susa yonke inhlabathi engcolile, imfucumfucu, nezinto ezimuncayo. Lezi zinto kufanele zithathwe njengemfucuza eyingozi futhi ziyiswe endaweni enelayisensi yokulahla imfucuza eyingozi ukuze zilahlwe ngendlela efanele. Geza indawo ngamanzi amaningi, kodwa qinisekisa ukuthi amanzi agelezayo ayaqoqwa futhi aphathwe ukuze asuse noma yiziphi izinsalela ze-cyanide ngaphambi kokuba akhishelwe endaweni ezungezile.

6. Ukusabela Kwezokwelapha kanye Nokuqapha

• Usizo Lokuqala Lwezisulu Zokuchayeka: Nikeza usizo lokuqala olusheshayo kunoma ubani oke wachayeka ku-sodium cyanide. Ngokuthinta isikhumba, susa ngokushesha izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza isikhumba esithintekile ngamanzi amaningi agelezayo noma isisombululo se-sodium thiosulfate esingu-5% okungenani imizuzu engu-20. Uma uhogela, hambisa isisulu endaweni enomoya omusha ngokushesha. Uma ukuphefumula kwesisulu noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyekile, yenza i-cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), kodwa gwema ukuvuselela umlomo kuya emlonyeni. Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa idivayisi yokuvimbela noma izindlela zokungenisa umoya.

• Ukuqapha Kwezokwelapha: Setha iposi lokuqapha ezokwelashwa eduze kwendawo yesigameko ukuze uqaphe ngokuqhubekayo impilo yabaphenduli kanye nabantu okungenzeka badaluliwe. Yenza ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholwe noma yiziphi izimpawu zobuthi be-cyanide. Nikeza ukufinyelela ekwelashweni okukhethekile kulabo ababonisa izimpawu zokuchayeka, njengekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, isicanucanu, nokuphefumula kanzima.

7. Ukuqapha Imvelo

• Ukuqapha Ikhwalithi Yomoya: Hlala uqapha izinga lomoya ngaphakathi naseduze kwendawo okuvuza kuyo usebenzisa okokusebenza kokubona igesi. Linganisa ukugcwala kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, engakhiqizwa ngenxa yokusabela kwe-sodium cyanide ngama-asidi noma amanzi endaweni ezungezile. Misa izindawo zokuqapha eziningi ukuze wenze imephu enembile izinga lokungcoliswa komoya kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lomoya libuyela emazingeni aphephile ngaphambi kokuvumela umphakathi ukuthi uphinde ungene endaweni.

• Ukuqapha Inhlabathi Namanzi: Hlaziya amasampula omhlabathi endaweni ethintekile ukuze uthole izinga lokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi nge-sodium cyanide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qapha imithombo yamanzi eseduze, okuhlanganisa amanzi angaphezulu namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukuze kungcoliswe i-cyanide. Ukuthatha amasampula okuvamile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphumelela kwezinyathelo zokuhlanza nokususa ukungcola kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo ezungezile ayishiywa nezingozi zokungcola zesikhathi eside.

8. Ukubuyekezwa kwesigameko kanye nokubika

• Uphenyo Lwesigameko: Ngemva kokuba isimo esiphuthumayo sesixazululwe ngokugcwele, yenza uphenyo olunzulu ngembangela yokuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide. Khomba noma yikuphi ukwehluleka ekugcinweni, kwezokuthutha, noma ezinqubweni zokuphatha. Lolu phenyo kufanele lubandakanye zonke izinhlangothi ezifanele, okuhlanganisa nomsebenzisi wendawo, ama-ejensi alawulayo, nochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe.

• Ukubika kanye Nemibhalo: Lungiselela umbiko onemininingwane ngaso sonke isigameko, okuhlanganisa ukulandelana kwezehlakalo, izinyathelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ezithathiwe, imiphumela yokuqapha indawo ezungezile, kanye nezifundo ezitholiwe. Thumela lo mbiko kuziphathimandla ezifanele nabaphathi bangaphakathi. Sebenzisa okutholwe embikweni ukuze uthuthukise izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo zokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele izigameko ezifanayo ukuthi zenzeke ngokuzayo.