Liyini i-Optimal Sodium Cyanide Concentration Range yeGold Leaching?

Embonini yezimayini zegolide, i-cyanide I-leaching isengenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokukhipha igolide etsheni. I-sodium cyanide, ikakhulukazi, ithandwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kwayo, ukuzinza, kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ukunquma elilungile i-sodium cyanide ukugxilisa ingqondo kubalulekile njengoba kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha igolide, izindleko zokusebenza, nokucatshangelwa kwemvelo.

Ukucatshangelwa kwethiyori

Ngokwethiyori, ukuncibilika kwegolide kusixazululo se-cyanide kulandela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuthile. Igremu ngalinye legolide elizoncibilika, cishe amagremu angu-0.92 we I-Sodium Cyanide zidingeka ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni zangempela - zomhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe I-sodium cyanide iphakeme kakhulu, imvamisa izikhathi ezingama-50 - 100 kunenani lethiyori.

Izici Ezithinta Ukugxila Okukahle

Izici ze-Ore

1. Igolide Mineralogy: Uhlobo lwamaminerali egolide akhona ensimbini ludlala indima ebalulekile. Uma igolide lisesimweni esihle - esisanhlamvu, samahhala - sokugaya, kuzodinga ukugxiliswa okuhlukile kwe-cyanide uma kuqhathaniswa negolide elihlotshaniswa namaminerali e-sulfide noma ezinye izinto eziphikisayo. Isibonelo, kwezinye igolide - i-quartz veins, lapho igolide likhululekile - ukugaya, ukugxila okuphansi kwe-cyanide kungase kube ngokwanele.

2. Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana kanye Nokuqina: Ama-ore acwebile ngokuvamile anendawo ephakeme, evumela ukuthintana okuphumelelayo phakathi kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide nezinhlayiya zegolide. Ngenxa yalokho, ukugxila okuphansi kwe-cyanide kungase kusebenze. Ngokuphambene, ama-coarser - ores ahlanjululwe angadinga ukugxila okuphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucwiliswa okuphelele. Ukwengeza, ukungena kwezinhlayiya ze-ore kuthinta ukugeleza kwesisombululo se-cyanide nge-ore, kuthonya ukugxila okudingekayo.

3. Ubukhona Bezinye Izinsimbi: Ithusi, ikakhulukazi, liphendula ngokuqinile nge-sodium cyanide. Ingadla inani elikhulu le-cyanide phakathi nenqubo yokucwilisa. Kuwo wonke amagremu ethusi ancibilikisiwe, amagremu angu-2.3 kuya ku-3.4 e-cyanide ayadingeka ngokujwayelekile. Kuma-ore anokuqukethwe kwethusi okuphezulu, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-sodium cyanide kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kune-cyanide eyanele etholakalayo yokuncibilika kwegolide. Ezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, umthofu, nensimbi nazo zingaba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cyanide, nakuba kancane.

Izimo Zenqubo

1. Izinga le-pH: I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching iyisici esibalulekile. I-sodium cyanide i-hydrolyzes esixazululweni, ikhiqiza i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN), okuyigesi enobuthi obukhulu. Izinga le-hydrolysis lincike ku-pH yesisombululo. Nge-pH engu-10.5. kuphela i-6.1% ye-hydrocyanic acid ekhiqizwayo, kuyilapho i-pH engu-9.0. I-67.1% ikhiqizwa. Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-cyanide nge-hydrolysis kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, i-pH ivamise ukugcinwa phakathi kuka-11 no-12 ezitshalweni zegolide ze-CIP (Carbon - in - Pulp). Lokhu kuphinde kube nomthelela ekugxilweni okufanelekile kwe-sodium cyanide, njengoba indawo ene-alkaline ingase idinge ukugxiliswa okuphakeme kancane ukuze kuphumelele. ukucwiliswa kwegolide.

2. I-Oxygen Concentration Encibilikisiwe: I-oksijeni ibalulekile ekuhlakazweni kwegolide kusixazululo se-cyanide. Ukusabela kudinga kokubili ama-ion cyanide (CN⁻) nomoya-mpilo (O₂). Ukuncibilika okuphezulu komoyampilo kuzinga lokushisa legumbi nokucindezela ngu-8.2 mg/L. Uma ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe ku-slurry kungaphansi kuka-4 mg/L, kungakhawulela izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umoya ungajovwa ku-slurry noma i-hydrogen peroxide ingangezwa ukwandisa ukuhlushwa komoyampilo. Isilinganiso somoya-mpilo ne-cyanide sibalulekile; ukungalingani kungaholela ekwehleni kwezinga leaching. Njengoba ukuhlushwa komoyampilo kuthinta i-reaction kinetics, kuphinde kube nomthelela ekugxilweni okufanelekile kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukuhlushwa komoyampilo okuphezulu kungase kuvumele ukugxiliswa kancane kwe-cyanide, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Izigaba Ezijwayelekile Zokugxilwa Kokuzijwayeza

1. Ku-CIP kanye ne-CIL (I-Carbon - in - Leach) Izinqubo: Kumjikelezo ojwayelekile we-CIP noma we-CIL, lapho i-ore ephethe igolide isesimweni se-slurry futhi I-Carbon Uma isetshenziselwa ukumunca igolide elincibilikisiwe, ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokuvamile kugcinwa kububanzi obungu-0.3 - 0.4 amagremu ngelitha (0.03 - 0.04%). Lolu hlu lokuhlushwa lutholakale lusebenza kahle ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-ore ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kuma-ore ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu noma lawo anamazinga aphezulu okungcola, ukuhlushwa kungalungiswa phezulu, ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelele ku-0.6 - 0.8 amagremu ngelitha (0.06 - 0.08%).

2. Ku-Vat Leaching: Ukucwiliswa kwe-Vat kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ama-coarer - grained ores noma lapho insimbi icutshungulwa ngamaqoqo. Kule nqubo, ukuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokuvamile kuphakeme, cishe i-1.0 igremu ilitha ngalinye (0.1%). Ukugxiliswa okuphezulu kunxephezela indawo engaba namandla ephansi yezinhlayiya ze-ore enkudlwana futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo se-cyanide singangena oreni futhi sincibilikise igolide ngempumelelo.

3. Ukuze Tailings Cyanidation: Uma wenza i-cyanide imsila kusukela ezinyathelweni zangaphambili zokucubungula (ezifana nangemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi), ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide kungase kuhluke kuye ngokuqukethwe kwegolide okusele kanye nemvelo yemisila. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlushwa kwe-cyanide kungaba kusuka ku-0.5 - 2 kg / t ye-ore, okuthi, lapho iguqulelwe ekugxilweni kwesisombululo, ingaba ku-0.05 - 0.2 amagremu ilitha ngalinye (0.005 - 0.02%). Ukugxila okuphansi kuvame ukwanele njengoba izinsika kungenzeka ukuthi sezivele zilashwe ngaphambili, futhi igolide elisele lifinyeleleka kalula.

Imithelela Yemvelo Nokuphepha

Ngenkathi kunqunywa ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide efanelekile yokucwiliswa kwegolide, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zemvelo nokuphepha. I-Cyanide iyisithako esinobuthi obukhulu, futhi noma yikuphi ukukhululwa endaweni ezungezile kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ukugcina ukugxila okufanele akusizi nje kuphela ekukhishweni kwegolide ngendlela ephumelelayo kodwa futhi kunciphisa inani le-cyanide engase ibe khona emifudlaneni yemfucuza. Ukwengeza, ukuphatha nokugcinwa okufanele kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuchitheka noma ukukhishwa ngengozi.

Isiphetho

Ibanga elilungile le-sodium cyanide yokucwiliswa kwegolide liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa izici ze-ore nezimo zenqubo. Ngokuvamile, emisebenzini yegolide evamile - leaching efana ne-CIP, CIL, kanye ukukhishwa kwe-vat, ukuhlushwa kusuka ku-0.03% - 0.1% (0.3 - 1.0 amagremu ilitha ngalinye). Kodwa-ke, ngomzimba ngamunye we-ore, kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo zaselabhorethri ezinemininingwane, njengokuhlolwa kwebhodlela kanye nekholomu, ukuze kutholwe ngokunembile ukugxiliswa kwe-sodium cyanide efaneleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukutholakala kwegolide okuphezulu ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko kanye nemithelela yemvelo.