Kungani i-Sodium Cyanide ibukwa Kakhulu?

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) sekuyisikhathi eside iyisihloko esithakaselwayo nesikhathazayo emikhakheni eyahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yemvelo yayo enobuthi kakhulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene embonini.

Ubuthi: Usongo Olubulalayo

I-sodium cyanide iyingozi kakhulu kubantu. Ngisho nenani elincane, elilingana no-5% wethisipuni, lingabulala. Lapho ingena emzimbeni womuntu, ihlukana ibe ama-ion cyanide (CN⁻). La ma-ion anobudlelwane obuqinile bensimbi eku-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokuthutha ama-electron ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula. Ngokubophezela ensimbi, ama-ion e-cyanide avimbela umsebenzi we-enzyme, avimbele ukudluliswa kwama-electron futhi ekugcineni aphazamise ikhono lomzimba lokukhiqiza amandla ngendlela ye-ATP. Lokhu kuholela ekungasebenzini ngokushesha kwamangqamuzana, i-lactic acidosis (njengoba amaseli eshintshela ku-anaerobic metabolism), futhi ekugcineni afe. Izimpawu ze i-sodium cyanide ubuthi buhlanganisa ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukudlikizeka, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Uma kubhekwa lokhu kubulala okwedlulele, noma yikuphi ukuchayeka kukho I-Sodium Cyanide, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezingozini zezimboni noma ezinye izimo, ngokushesha kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo nokuphepha komphakathi.

Izicelo Zezimboni Ezisabalele

Izimayini zegolide

Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko I-sodium cyanide ikhona izimayini zegolide imboni. Igolide eliningi emhlabeni alitholakali kuma-nuggets amakhulu kodwa litholakala njengezinhlayiya ezinhle ezihlakazeke emadwaleni. Ukuze kukhishwe igolide kulawa ma-ore, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation ivame ukusetshenziswa. Ngemva kokuba i-ore imbiwe futhi igaywe ibe yimpushana ecolekile, yengezwa kwisisombululo se-sodium cyanide. Igolide lakha izibopho eziqinile nama-molecule e-cyanide, okwenza igolide elincibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zingabe sezihlukaniswa kuwo wonke amaminerali aku-ore, njengoba encibilika emanzini. Kamuva, i-zinc yengezwa esixazululweni, esisabela ngegolide - i-cyanide complexes, okwenza igolide liphume njengento eqinile. Lo mkhiqizo wokugcina ube usuncibilikiswa ukuze uhlukanise igolide elihlanzekile. Isidingo somhlaba wonke segolide, siqhutshwa izinto ezifana nokwenza ubucwebe, ukutshala imali, kanye izicelo zezimboni, kusho ukuthi inani elikhulu le-sodium cyanide lisetshenziswa emsebenzini wokumba igolide emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yalokho, noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide kulo mongo, njengokuphatha kwayo okuphephile, ukugcinwa, nokuthuthwa, zidonsa ukunaka okubalulekile ngenxa yokubaluleka kwezomnotho kwemboni.

Okunye Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni

I-sodium cyanide nayo idlala indima ebalulekile kweminye imikhakha yezimboni. Emkhakheni we-electroplating, isetshenziswa njengengxenye kwezinye zokugeza zokucwenga. Kuyasiza ekuzuzeni ukunamathela okubushelelezi nokufana okufanayo kwezinsimbi ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-cadmium, ne-zinc kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene. Ekwenziweni kwamakhemikhali e-organic, i-sodium cyanide isebenza njengento eyinhloko yokuqala. Isibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwemithi ethile, isetshenziselwa ukwethula iqembu le-cyano (-CN) kuma-molecule e-organic, okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi zezidakamizwa ezibalulekile. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni imicu yokwenziwa, amapulasitiki, nodayi. Embonini yodayi, ibandakanyeka ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela ezifana (i-cyanuric chloride), okuyisipesheli esibalulekile sokwenza odayi abasebenzayo futhi isebenza njengempahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza izibani ezikhanyayo. Uma kubhekwa ukubaluleka kwayo kulezi zinqubo ezihlukene zezimboni, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kokunikezwa, ukuphatha, noma ukuphepha kwe-sodium cyanide kungaba nemiphumela yezomnotho efinyelela kude.

Izigameko kanye Nomphumela Wazo

Izehlakalo eziseqophelweni eliphezulu ezibandakanya i-sodium cyanide zibe nomthelela nakakhulu ekugqameni kwayo emehlweni omphakathi. Isibonelo, ukuqhuma kwe-Tianjin ngo-2015 kwakuyisenzakalo esibuhlungu esaletha i-sodium cyanide endaweni ebonakalayo. Endaweni yokuqhuma, kwatholakala inqwaba yamathani angu-700 e-sodium cyanide, eyayiphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-70 kunomkhawulo ongokomthetho. Lokhu kuqhuma kuphakamise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokudedelwa kwaleli khemikhali enobuthi obunamandla endaweni ezungezile. Ukube i-sodium cyanide yayikhishiwe futhi ihlangana namanzi noma amazinga okushisa aphakeme, yayingase yenze igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, into eyingozi kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo. I-Hydrogen cyanide inobuthi obukhulu uma ihogelwa futhi ingasakazeka ngokushesha emoyeni, ibeke engozini izimpilo zabantu abaseduze. Nakuba iziphathimandla zaseShayina zathatha isinyathelo esisheshayo sokulawula lesi simo, njengokwelapha ukuchitheka kwe-hydrogen peroxide ukuze kuncishiswe ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela eziyingozi kakhulu, lesi sigameko sisaqokomisa izingozi ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokugcinwa nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ukuqwashisa komphakathi ngezingozi ezingaba khona ze-sodium cyanide kwakhula kakhulu, futhi kwaholela ekubhekisisweni okwengeziwe kwemithetho nezinqubo zokuphepha ezimbonini ezibhekene naleli khemikhali.

Ekugcineni, i-sodium cyanide iphezulu ubuthi, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezibalulekile ezifana nezimayini zegolide nokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, kanye nokubandakanyeka kwayo ezenzakalweni ezinkulu konke kunomthelela esimweni sayo njengekhemikhali ebukwa kakhulu. Isidingo sokulinganisa ukusebenza kwemboni yayo nezinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo sisalokhu siyinselele enkulu.