Kungani kukhethwa i-sodium cyanide esikhundleni se-potassium cyanide ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali?

1. Izindleko - Isici Esiyinhloko

Esinye sezizathu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhetha I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) ngaphezulu I-Potassium cyanide (KCN) yizindleko. I-sodium igcwele kakhulu uqweqwe lomhlaba uma iqhathaniswa ne-potassium. Ukukhiqizwa kwe I-Sodium Cyanide kuhilela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingabizi kakhulu kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezilula.

Izinhlanganisela ze-potassium ngokuvamile zidinga izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokukhipha kanye nokuhlanza. Ngokwesilinganiso esikhulu Ukucutshungulwa kwamaminerali imisebenzi, edla amanani amakhulu i-cyanide, umehluko wezindleko phakathi i-sodium cyanide futhi i-potassium cyanide ingahumushela ekongeni okubalulekile. Isibonelo, uma imayini yegolide icubungula izinkulungwane zamathani ensimbi nsuku zonke, ukusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide esikhundleni se-potassium cyanide kungonga izigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka ezindlekweni ze-reagent.

2. I-Solubility kanye nokusebenza kabusha

solubility

I-sodium cyanide ine-solubility enhle kakhulu emanzini. Esimweni sokucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa, isakhi se-cyanide esincibilika kakhulu sibalulekile njengoba sivumela ukwakheka kahle kwe-cyanide - inkimbinkimbi yensimbi edingekayo ekuncibilikiseni izinsimbi eziyigugu. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, i-sodium cyanide incibilika kalula emanzini, iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-ion cyanide (CN⁻) atholakala ekugxiliseni okwanele ukuze asabele ngegolide noma isiliva ku-ore.

I-Potassium cyanide nayo iyancibilika emanzini, kodwa ukuncibilika kwe-sodium cyanide kungaphezu kokwanele izicelo eziningi zokucubungula amaminerali. Ayikho inzuzo ephawulekayo ekusebenziseni i-potassium cyanide mayelana ne-solubility, futhi izindleko ezengeziwe ezihambisana nayo azikuthetheleli ukusetshenziswa kwayo lapho i-sodium cyanide ingakwazi ukufeza izinga elifanayo lokusebenza ngempumelelo ekwenzeni izixazululo ezidingekayo ezinamanzi.

Ukwenza kabusha

Enqubweni yokuncibilikisa igolide nesiliva lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, kokubili i-sodium cyanide ne-potassium cyanide zilandela indlela efanayo yokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ama-ion e-cyanide ahlangana nensimbi ngenqubo ye-electrochemical, akhe insimbi encibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kabusha kwe-sodium cyanide kufundwa kahle futhi kwenziwa kahle ezimeni zezimboni.

Izinga lokusabela kwe-sodium cyanide enegolide nesiliva ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokucutshungulwa kwamaminerali (pH cishe ku-9 - 11. ubukhona bomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe) licwaningwe kabanzi, futhi amapharamitha enqubo alungiswe kahle - ashuniwe emashumini eminyaka. Lokhu kujwayelana kuvumela ukulawula okunembe kakhudlwana kwenqubo yokucwilisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuvunwa okuphezulu kwezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ukushintshela ku-potassium cyanide kuzodinga ukuhlaziya kabusha kanye nethuba lokuphinda kwenziwe ngcono lezi zimo zenqubo, okuwumsebenzi obizayo futhi odla isikhathi.

I-3. Ukuzinza

I-sodium cyanide ikhombisa ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwezimo ngokuvamile okuhlangatshezwana nazo emisebenzini yokucubungula amaminerali. Ayiboli kalula lapho kukhona umoya, umswakama, noma ukungcola okuvamile okutholakala kuma-ore. Lokhu kuzinza kubalulekile njengoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhambi le-cyanide ligcina ukusebenza kwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Potassium cyanide, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingase isebenze kancane kancane ezindaweni ezithile futhi ingase ibole ngesivinini esisheshayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Isibonelo, lapho kukhona ukungcola okuthile okune-asidi kunsimbi noma ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu, i-potassium cyanide ingase ithandeke kakhulu ku-hydrolysis noma okunye ukusabela kokubola, okunganciphisa ukuhlangana kwama-ion e-cyanide atholakalayo kanjalo nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhipha insimbi eyigugu.

4. Ukusingathwa kanye Nokucatshangelwa Kokuphepha

Kokubili i-sodium cyanide ne-potassium cyanide yizinto ezinobuthi obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwe-sodium cyanide embonini, kunezimiso zokuphepha ezisungulwe kahle kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha. Abasebenzi abasebenza ezimbonini zokucubungula amaminerali baqeqeshelwa ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide ngokuphepha, futhi okokusebenza okusetshenziselwa ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, nokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide yakhelwe kucatshangelwa ukuphepha.

Imboni ithuthukise izindlela zokuphepha ezibanzi ze-sodium cyanide, njengezinhlelo ezifanele zokungenisa umoya ezindaweni zokucubungula, izidingo zemishini yokuzivikela, kanye nezinhlelo zokusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka kuchitheka noma kuvuza. Ukushintshela ku-potassium cyanide kuzodinga ukuqeqesha kabusha abasebenzi kanye nokuguqula ingqalasizinda yezokuphepha endaweni, okwengeza ungqimba olungadingekile lobunkimbinkimbi nezindleko.

Sengiphetha, ukukhethwa kwe-sodium cyanide ngaphezu kwe-potassium cyanide ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali kuyisinqumo esinengqondo esisekelwe ezicini zezomnotho, zamakhemikhali, nezokuphepha. Izindleko eziphansi, ukunyibilika okulungile nokusebenza kabusha, ukuzinza okuhle, nezinqubo zokuphepha ezimisiwe ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide ziyenza ibe inketho ekhethwayo yokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu ku-ore.