Yiziphi iziqondiso neziqondiso zokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu. Ngenxa yengozi yayo enkulu, imithetho eqinile kanye neziqondiso kumele zilandelwe ngesikhathi igcinwa ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi, kuvikelwe impilo yabantu, futhi kuvikelwe imvelo.

1. Izidingo zesikhungo

1.1 Indawo yokubeka

• Ukuhlukaniswa : I-Sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni yokugcina ehlukanisiwe, ehlukanisiwe namanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi lawo angasabela ngayo. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusiza ukuvimbela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungenzeka okungaholela ekukhishweni kwegesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Isibonelo, akufanele igcinwe eduze kwama-asidi njengoba ukusabela phakathi kwe -Sodium cyanide nama-asidi kungakhiqiza igesi enobuthi ye-hydrogen cyanide.

• Kude Nezindawo Ezinabantu : Indawo yokugcina kufanele ibe kude nezindawo zokuhlala, izikole, izibhedlela, nezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwabantu abaningi uma kwenzeka kukhishwa ngengozi. Izindawo zezimboni ezinezivikelo zokuphepha ezifanele ziyizindawo ezifanelekile zokugcina i-Sodium Cyanide.

1.2 Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo

• Isakhiwo Esiqinile : Isakhiwo sokugcina izinto kumele sakhiwe ngezinto eziqinile nezihlala isikhathi eside. Kufanele sikwazi ukumelana namandla angaphandle njengezinhlekelele zemvelo (isib. ukuzamazama komhlaba, imimoya enamandla) ukuvimbela umonakalo wesakhiwo ongaholela ekuvuza kwe- sodium cyanide . Izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe zivame ukuthandwa ngenxa yamandla azo nokuqina kwazo.

• Izitezi Nezindonga Ezingangeniswa : Izitezi nezindonga zendawo yokugcina kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezingangeniswa. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuvuza kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide uma kuchitheka futhi kuvikela nesakhiwo sesakhiwo emiphumeleni ebhubhisayo yamakhemikhali. Izitezi nezindonga ezimbozwe nge-epoxy zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina ezinjalo.

2. Imithetho Yesitsha Sokugcina

2.1 Impahla Yesitsha

• Ukuhambisana : Izitsha zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kumele zenziwe ngezinto ezihambisana namakhemikhali. Izitsha zensimbi zivame ukusetshenziswa njengoba zimelana kahle nesimo sokugqwala se-sodium cyanide. Kodwa-ke, zidinga ukumbozwa kahle noma ukufakwa umugqa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala, okungalimaza ubuqotho besitsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

• Ubuqotho Bokuvala : Izitsha kufanele zibe nezivalo noma ukuvala okuqinile ukuvimbela ukungena komswakama nomoya, njengoba i-sodium cyanide i-hygroscopic futhi ingasabela nomhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni ukuze ikhiqize i-hydrogen cyanide. Izitsha ezivalwe kabili noma lezo ezinezinhlelo ezikhethekile ze-gasket ziyanconywa ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho obukhulu bokuvala.

2.2 Ukulebula Kwesitsha

• Ukuhlonza Okucacile : Zonke izitsha ezigcina i-sodium cyanide kumele zibhalwe ngokucacile igama lamakhemikhali, elithi "Sodium Cyanide," ngoonobumba abakhulu, abafundekayo. Ilebula kufanele futhi lifake inombolo ye-CAS (143 - 33 - 9 ye-sodium cyanide) ukuze kube lula ukuhlonza kanye nokubhekisela okuphambene uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.

• Izexwayiso Zengozi : Izexwayiso zengozi ezivelele kufanele ziboniswe kumalebula esitsha. Lezi zexwayiso kufanele zifake ulwazi mayelana nobuthi obukhulu bekhemikhali, amathuba okukhishwa kwegesi lapho ithintana namanzi, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo zokuphatha. Izithombe ezibonisa ubuthi nengozi kufanele futhi zifakwe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke njengalezo ezichazwe yi-Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS).

3. Ukulawulwa Kwezimo Zemvelo

3.1 Izinga lokushisa kanye Nomswakama

• Indawo Epholile Neyomile : I-Sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni enokushisa okulawulwayo kanye nomswakama. Izinga lokushisa elifanele ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-15 - 25°C, kanti umswakama ohlobene kufanele ugcinwe ngaphansi kuka-60%. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lingakhuphula izinga lanoma yikuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungenzeka, kuyilapho umswakama ophezulu ungabangela i-sodium cyanide ukuthi imunce umswakama futhi iqale ukukhipha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Izinhlelo zokupholisa umoya kanye nokususa umswakama zingafakwa endaweni yokugcina ukuze kugcinwe lezi zimo.

• Umoya Ongenisayo : Umoya owanele ubalulekile endaweni yokugcina izinto. Umoya ongenisayo uyasiza ekususeni noma iyiphi igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide engase ivuza futhi ivimbele ukunqwabelana kwayo emazingeni ayingozi. Uhlelo lomoya ongenisayo kufanele lwakhiwe ukuze lukhiphe umoya uye endaweni ephephile kude nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi kanye nezinye izindawo ezibucayi.

3.2 Ukuvikelwa Ekukhanyeni

• Isitoreji Esimelana Nokukhanya : Nakuba i-sodium cyanide ingazweli kakhulu elangeni, kusanconywa ukuyigcina endaweni evikelwe elangeni eliqondile. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside elangeni kungabangela ukuwohloka kwekhemikhali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungathinta ukuqina kwayo futhi kwandise ingozi yokusabela okungafuneki. Ukusebenzisa izitsha zokugcina ezingacacile noma ukugcina ikhemikhali ekamelweni elimnyama kungasiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wokukhanya.

4. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Nezokuphepha

4.1 Izinhlelo Zokuvikela

• Ukulawula Ukufinyelela : Indawo yokugcina kufanele ibe nezinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ukufinyelela. Abasebenzi abagunyaziwe kuphela abaqeqeshwe ekuphatheni nasekugcineni i-sodium cyanide okufanele bavunyelwe ukufinyelela endaweni. Izinhlelo zamakhadi ezikhiye, izilawuli zokufinyelela ze-biometric, noma onogada bangasetshenziswa ukuphoqelela lokhu.

• Amakhamera Okuqapha : Ukufaka amakhamera okuqapha endaweni yokugcina izinto kusiza ekuqapheni noma yimiphi imisebenzi engagunyaziwe. Amakhamera kufanele amboze zonke izindawo zokungena nezokuphuma kanye nezindawo lapho kugcinwa khona i-sodium cyanide. Izithombe eziqoshiwe kufanele zigcinwe isikhathi esanele (isib., okungenani izinsuku ezingu-30) ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi izehlakalo.

4.2 Izinsizakusebenza Eziphuthumayo

• Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) : Kufanele kube nokutholakala okwanele kwe-PPE efanele eduze nendawo yokugcina. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasudi angangeni makhemikhali, amagilavu, amabhuzu, kanye nemishini yokuphefumula equkethe umzimba (i-SCBA). I-PPE kufanele ibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi ihambisane nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwe-PPE kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo ngempumelelo.

• Ama-Splill Response Kits : Ama-Splill response kits kufanele abe khona endaweni yokugcina. Lawa ma-kits kufanele aqukathe izinto ezimunca amanzi, izinto ezinciphisa umswakama (njengesixazululo se-sodium hypochlorite esingasetshenziswa ukuqeda ukuchitheka okuncane kwe-sodium cyanide), kanye namathuluzi okuhlanza ukuchitheka. Ama-kits kufanele ahlolwe njalo futhi agcwaliswe kabusha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi asebenza kahle.

5. Ukulawula Ukuhambisana

5.1 Imithetho Yasekhaya, Kazwelonke kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe

• Ukuhambisana Nemithetho : Ukugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide kumele kuhambisane nayo yonke imithetho yendawo, yesizwe, kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe. E-United States, isibonelo, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inemithethonqubo ethile mayelana nokugcinwa nokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu njenge-sodium cyanide. Le mithethonqubo ihlanganisa izici ezifana nokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha kwabasebenzi, ukulebula okufanele kweziqukathi, kanye nokufakwa kwemishini yokuphepha.

• Izidingo Zokubika : Izindawo ezigcina i-sodium cyanide zingadingeka ukuze zibike amazinga azo esitokweni, izimo zokugcina, kanye nanoma yiziphi izehlakalo ezihlobene namakhemikhali ezikhulwini ezifanele zokulawula. Lokhu kubika kusiza iziphathimandla ukuqapha nokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa nokuphathwa okuphephile kwe-sodium cyanide kuso sonke isifunda.

5.2 Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa

• Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphakathi : Izindawo zokugcina impahla kufanele zenze ukuhlolwa kwangaphakathi njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imikhuba yokugcina impahla ihambisana nemithethonqubo neziqondiso ezibekiwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa yithimba lezokuphepha lesikhungo futhi kufanele kufake izici ezifana nokuqina kwesitsha, izimo zemvelo, kanye nokutholakala kwemishini yokusabela eziphuthumayo.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphandle : Iziphathimandla ezilawulayo zingase zenze ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle ngezikhathi ezithile kwezindawo zokugcina izinto. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela umthetho nokuhlonza noma yiziphi izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona. Ukungalandeli imithetho kungaholela ezinhlawulweni ezinkulu kanye neminye imiphumela yezomthetho kulesi sikhungo.