Izidingo Zokulawulwa Kokuphepha kwamaCyanides

Cyanides bhekisela ezinhlotsheni eziqinile neziyisixazululo ze I-sodium cyanide kanye ne-potassium cyanide. I Ukuphathwa kokuphepha of ama-cyanides kusebenza ekuhleleni, ekuhleleni nasekukhetheni indawo, ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, I-Emergency Rescue, kanye nokuphathwa kokuphepha kwamabhizinisi ahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni i-cyanide.

I. Ukuhlela, Isakhiwo, Nokukhethwa Kwesayithi

Amaphrojekthi amasha wokwakha, ukuvuselela, nokwandisa Ama-cyanides kufanele ihlelwe ngokucophelela futhi ibekwe ngendlela ephusile. Ukukhethwa kwendawo kufanele kuhambisane nokuthuthukiswa komnotho wendawo kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa amadolobha nezindawo zasemakhaya futhi kufanele kwakhiwe ngaphakathi kwepaki yezimboni zamakhemikhali. Amaphrojekthi amasha wokwakha, ukuvuselela, nokwandisa ama-cyanides, njengamaphrojekthi okwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, kufanele abuyekezwe ukuphepha ngokuvumelana nemithetho nemithetho kazwelonke efanele.

II. Idizayini

Ukuze uthole amaphrojekthi amasha okwakhiwa, ukuvuselelwa, nokunwetshwa kwama-cyanides, isistimu yokulawula ezenzakalelayo kanye nenkinobho yokumisa isimo esiphuthumayo ehlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza zokuphepha kufanele kumiswe. Umklamo wephrojekthi kufanele wenziwe iyunithi yokuklama eneziqu ezihambisanayo, futhi umklamo kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile ukucaciswa kwedizayini namazinga okumele amaphrojekthi wokwakha amakhemikhali ayingozi ahambisane nawo.

III. Ukuphepha Kokukhiqiza

Impahla yepayipi le-hydrocyanic acid ewuketshezi kufanele ibe yinsimbi engagqwali engu-304 noma ngaphezulu, futhi izinto zokukhiqiza nokunye okokugcina kanye namapayipi athintana ngqo nama-cyanides kufanele kube yinsimbi engagqwali engu-304.

Umshini wokukhiqiza i-cyanide kufanele ufakwe ipayipi lokuqoqa indle ukuze liwakhiphele esiteshini sokukhuculula indle. Ipayipi lokuqoqa amanzi angcolile e-cyanide kufanele lenziwe ngezinto ezivimbela ukugqwala kanye nezinto ezivimbela ukubola. Lapho kukhethwa izinto ze-carbon steel, ukwelashwa kwe-anti-corrosion kanye ne-anti-seepage kufanele kwenziwe. Iphansi lekhonkolo lendawo yokukhiqiza kufanele liphathwe ngezinyathelo zokunqanda ukugqwala kanye nezinyathelo zokunqanda ukubola. Umgodi wamapayipi ongaphansi komhlaba kufanele uphathwe ngezinyathelo zokunqanda ukugqwala kanye nokunqanda ukugeleza kwamanzi kusetshenziswa ukhonkolo oqinisiwe.

Idivayisi yokumunca isifutho se-alkali yotshwala kufanele isethelwe kushimula wokukhipha umoya ophuthumayo wedivayisi yokukhiqiza i-cyanide ewuketshezi. Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwephampu yesifutho se-alkali yotshwala kufanele kufakwe amandla ayisipele ukuze kuzuzwe ukushintsha ngokushesha.

Isistimu yokungenisa umoya ejikelezayo akufanele isetshenziswe endaweni yokusebenza. Ukuphakama kwezitaki zokukhipha igesi yomsila kanye nemishini yokukhipha umoya yendawo akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-25.

Lapho usebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi lapho kukhiqizwa khona amagesi anobuthi nayingozi, kufanele kube nama-opharetha angaphezu kwababili. Umuntu oyedwa uyasebenza kuyilapho omunye eqapha, futhi ama-opharetha kufanele agadwe kuyo yonke inqubo. Iposi ngalinye lokukhiqiza nelokugcina kufanele lifakwe izisetshenziswa zokuphefumula komoyampilo ezingaphezu kwezimbili ezizibambayo kanye nemishini yokuphefumula yamashubhu amade.

IV. Ukuphepha Kwesitoreji

Indawo yokugcina impahla yama-cyanides aqinile kufanele ibe yindawo yokugcina impahla ezinikele, egcinwe endaweni engenawo umoya futhi eyomile. Isistimu "yamapheya amahlanu" yokwamukela nokuthumela abantu ababili, ukubalwa kwezimali kwabantu ababili, izingidi ezimbili, izinto zokuhamba zabantu ababili, kanye nokusebenzisa abantu ababili kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuqinile, futhi i-alamu yamahora angu-24 kanye nesistimu yokuqapha kufanele isethwe.

Ithangi lokugcina i-cyanide eliwuketshezi kufanele lenziwe ngezinto ezimelana ne-alkali. I-cyanide ewuketshezi kufanele ipholiswe ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokungena ethangini lokugcina, futhi izinga lokushisa ethangini lokugcina kufanele ligcinwe lingaphansi kuka-25°C ukuvimbela ukubola nokubola kwe-cyanide ewuketshezi. Ithangi lokugcina kufanele lifakwe i-alamu yeleveli yoketshezi ephezulu kanye nedivaysi e-othomathikhi yokukhiya ukunqamula okuphakelayo lapho izinga loketshezi liphezulu kakhulu. Kufanele kumiswe i-weir endaweni yokugcina uketshezi, umhlabathi kufanele uphathwe ngezinyathelo zokunqanda ukuphuma, futhi ithangi lokudlulisa noma i-pool yokugcina uketshezi kufanele ifakwe.

V. Ukuphepha Ezokuthutha

Imisebenzi yokulayisha nokukhipha ama-cyanides kufanele yenziwe ngaphansi komyalo osendaweni wabasebenzi bokuphatha abalayishayo nabakhiphayo. Ngaphambi nangemva kokulayishwa nokwehliswa kwemoto yokuhamba, kufanele ihlanzwe kahle. Abasebenzi abaphethe ukulayishwa nokuthulula kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela ukuthi ukucaciswa nenani lama-cyanides kuyahambisana yini nemibhalo ethunyelwayo; umphelezeli kufanele aphathe umgwaqo izimpahla eziyingozi Ezokuphepha Ezokuphepha ikhadi kanye nokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe kokuphepha kwama-cyanides. Ezimotweni zamathangi ezithutha ama-cyanide awuketshezi, ithangi lemoto kufanele lihlolwe futhi lifaneleke futhi phakathi nesikhathi esivumelekile.

Ama-cyanides awuketshezi kufanele athuthwe ngepayipi ngaphakathi kwefekthri. Impahla yepayipi lokuthutha kufanele ibe insimbi engagqwali ingabi ngaphansi kuka-304. Izimbobo zokuxhuma zingaba ama-flange, kanti ezinye izingxenye kufanele zishiselwe. Ama-welds kufanele ahlolwe u-100% wokubona amaphutha. Izinga lokushisa lokuthutha akufanele lidlule i-25 ° C, futhi ibhantshi langaphandle lepayipi kufanele linikezwe izinyathelo zokushisa ezibandayo. Ipayipi lokuthutha kufanele lisebenzise indlela ezungezayo yokukhipha. Ithuluzi lokuxhumanisa le-alamu yegesi enobuthi kanye nokuvala okuzenzakalelayo kwe-valve yokuvala kufanele kufakwe emaphethelweni epayipi lokuthutha noma ezindaweni lapho ukuvuza kungase kwenzeke khona. Ipayipi lokuthutha kufanele lifakwe umugqa ophephethayo, okuncono kube ijoyinti elivuthelayo elingaguquki. Ngemuva kokuthi ukuthutha sekuqediwe, igesi ye-inert kufanele isetshenziselwe ukufuthela uketshezi emuva ethangini lokugcina, futhi idivayisi yokubuyisela uketshezi olungcolile kufanele ifakwe embotsheni yokukhipha uketshezi.

VI. I-Emergency Rescue

Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-Cyanide kufanele asungule futhi athuthukise izinhlangano eziphuthumayo kanye namaqembu ezimo eziphuthumayo esikhathi esigcwele (esikhathi esithile), alungise imishini yezimo eziphuthumayo nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezilungele ukumelana nezingozi zebhizinisi, alungise izinhlelo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo, futhi enze ukuvivinya izimo eziphuthumayo njalo. Ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide okugadwa esizeni kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-1mg/m³, futhi kufanele kumiswe ibhodi lezaziso.

Impushana eyomile nesihlabathi kungasetshenziswa ukucisha umlilo. I-carbon dioxide ne-acid-base fire extingushers azivunyelwe ukucisha umlilo. Izicishamlilo kufanele zigqoke izifihla-buso zegesi kanye nezimpahla ezingashi kanye nezokulwa nobuthi futhi zilwisane nomoya womlilo. Kufanele kwakhiwe amadikhi ukuze kuqoqelwe indle ecisha umlilo ukuze ihlanzwe, futhi akufanele ikhishwe ngokungahleliwe.

Uma kukhona ukuvuza, zama ukusika umthombo ovuzayo ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvimbele imbobo evuzayo ukuthi ingahlangani namanzi. Hlala kude nesayithi lokuvuza, khipha abasebenzi abangabalulekile, futhi uhlukanise indawo yesixwayiso. Naka ukuhlala unomoya. Akuvunyelwe ukuthi izinto ezivuzayo zigelezele ezindaweni ezivinjelwe njengamanzi, amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba, noma imisele yokukhipha izikhukhula.