Ukusebenzisa Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo Ukuze Ukhiphe I-Cyanide Yamahhala (CN−) Emanzini Angcolile

Isingeniso

Amanzi amdaka asezimbonini avame ukuqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo i -Free cyanide (CN−) ekhathaza kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu. Ngisho noma kumthamo omncane, i-cyanide ingaba yingozi, okwenza ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka aqukethe yona kube yinkinga enkulu yemvelo. Kunemithetho eqinile yokulawula ukukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide, okuhloswe hhayi nje ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile kodwa futhi nokubuyisa i-cyanide eningi ngangokunokwenzeka emisipheni nasemanzini angcolile asefektri. I-Activated Carbon ivele njengento ethembisayo yokususa i-cyanide yamahhala emanzini amdaka, futhi lesi sihloko sizohlola ukusetshenziswa kwayo, izindlela, kanye nezici ezithonya ngokuningiliziwe.

Imithombo yeCyanide emanzini Angcolile

I-cyanide egxilile kakhulu emanzini angcolile iphuma ezinqubweni zezimboni ezifana ne-electroplating, i-cyanide - isizinda segolide esisekelwe ku-cyanide, ukuwasha igesi namanzi apholisayo kuhhavini we-coke naseziqhumeni eziqhumayo, kanye namakhemikhali athile, ukucubungula amaminerali, irabha yokwenziwa, i-fiber, nezimboni zikadayi. Ukugxila kwe-cyanide kulawa manzi angcolile kungaba kusuka ku-1 - 180 mg/L noma ngaphezulu.

Izindlela Zekhabhoni Esebenzayo Ekususeni I-Cyanide Yamahhala

I-Adsorption Engokwenyama

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe kakhulu esinezimbobo ezincane kanye nendawo enkulu ethile, ngokuvamile esukela ku-500 kuya ku-3000 m²/g. Lesi sakhiwo esibonakalayo siyinika amandla aqinile okumunca. Ama-ion e-Cyanide emanzini angcolile angamuncwa phezu kwe- Activated Carbon ngamandla e-van der Waals. Indawo enkulu inikeza izindawo eziningi zokumunca, okuvumela ukubanjwa ngempumelelo kwe-cyanide yamahhala.

I-Chemical Adsorption kanye ne-Catalytic Oxidation

Ngokungeziwe ekukhangisweni ngokomzimba, ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali. Lapho ikhabhoni ecushiwe idonsa umoya-mpilo namanzi emanzini angcolile, ingakwazi ukukhiqiza i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) endaweni yayo, ikhabhoni ecushiwe yona ngokwayo esebenza njengesisusa. Lapho kukhona usawoti wethusi, i-H₂O₂ ekhiqiziwe ingakhipha i-oxidize futhi ibole i-cyanide. Indlela yokusabela imi kanje:

1. Isizukulwane se-H₂O₂: Umoya-mpilo namanzi akhangiswa endaweni yekhabhoni ecushiwe ukuze kwakheke i-H₂O₂.

2. I-oxidation ye-cyanide: I-Cyanide i-oxidized yi-H₂O₂ ngaphansi kwesenzo esinamandla sosawoti wethusi, okuholela ekubola kwe-cyanide ibe izinto eziyingozi kancane.

Izinto Ezithinta Ukususwa Kwekhabhoni Esebenzayo

I-Cyanide Concentration yokuqala

Ukuphakama kokugxilwa kokuqala kwe-cyanide yamahhala emanzini angcolile, kuyanda amandla okushayela e-adsorption. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umthamo we-adsorption wekhabhoni ecushiwe unomkhawulo, lapho ukugxila kokuqala kudlula inani elithile, ukusebenza kahle kokususa kungase kungakhuphuki ngokulinganayo. Kwezinye izifundo, kutholwe ukuthi ngokwanda kokugxilwa kwe-cyanide yokuqala, inani le-cyanide elikhangiswa ngeyunithi yesisindo sekhabhoni ecushiwe liqala likhuphuke bese amazinga ayancipha.

Inani le-pH

Inani le-pH lamanzi angcolile lithinta kakhulu ukufakwa kwe-cyanide ngekhabhoni ecushiwe. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-acidic, umthamo wokukhangisa wekhabhoni ecushiwe ye-cyanide uphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Njengoba inani le-pH likhuphuka, umthamo we-adsorption uyakhula kancane kancane. Uma i-pH iku-alkaline, ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kuka-11. izinga lokususwa kwe-cyanide lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-95% phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 kwezinye izimo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-speciation ye-cyanide esixazululweni ishintsha ne-pH, futhi uhlobo lwama-ion e-cyanide lusiza kakhulu ekufakweni kwekhabhoni ecushiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkaline.

Temperature

Ukufakwa kwe-cyanide ngekhabhoni ecushiwe kuyinqubo ye-exothermic. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, umthamo we-adsorption uvame ukwehla. Isibonelo, esimweni se-copper - impregnated carbon activated, lapho ixubene nesisombululo se-cyanide, umphumela we-adsorption we-cyanide wehla ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kukhuthaza ukuchithwa kwezinto ezikhangayo ezivela ebusweni bekhabhoni ecushiwe.

Isikhathi Sokuvuselela

Kudingeka isikhathi esanele sokunyakazisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-cyanide emanzini angcolile inokuxhumana okwanele nekhabhoni ecushiwe. Esigabeni sokuqala, njengoba isikhathi sokushukumisa sikhula, izinga lokususwa kwe-cyanide landa ngokushesha. Nokho, ngemva kokufinyelela isikhathi esithile, izinga lokususwa livame ukuzinza, okubonisa ukuthi inqubo ye-adsorption ifinyelele ekulinganeni.

Izicelo Zekhabhoni Esebenzayo Ekwelapheni I-Cyanide - Equkethe Amanzi Angcolile

Embonini Yezimayini Zegolide

Ezimayini zegolide, ikakhulukazi ezinqubweni zokukhipha igolide ezisekelwe ku-cyanide, kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingasetshenziswa ukususa i-cyanide yamahhala kula manzi angcolile. Ngokungeziwe ekukhishweni kwe-cyanide, ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingaphinda ifake igolide - i-cyanide complexes (njenge-Au(CN)₂⁻) emanzini angcolile. I-adsorbed gold - i-cyanide complexes ingaphinde icutshungulwe ukuze kutholakale igolide, kuzuzwe kokubili ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokutholwa kwezinsiza.

Embonini ye-Electroplating

Izitshalo ze-Electroplating zivame ukusebenzisa i-cyanide - equkethe izixazululo enqubweni yokucwenga, okuholela ku-cyanide - amanzi angcolile angcolile. Ukwelashwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe kunganciphisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga okukhipha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko, ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination, ukwelashwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe kunezinzuzo zokungcoliswa kwesibili okuncane kanye namandla okuthola kabusha izinsiza.

Ukuqhathanisa Nezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha

I-Alkaline Chlorination

Ukufaka i-chlorine emanzini angcolile ngendlela evuthiwe yokubhubhisa ama-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Isebenzisa izinto eziqukethe i-chlorine njengegesi ye-chlorine, i-chlorine ewuketshezi, noma i-bleaching powder ukuze i-oxidize i-cyanide ibe yi-carbon dioxide engenabo ubuthi (CO₂) kanye ne-nitrogen (N₂). Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ingadala imikhiqizo eyingozi, futhi inqubo yokusebenza idinga ukulawulwa okuqinile komthamo we-chlorine kanye nezimo zokusabela. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwelashwa kwe-activated carbon kuyindlela enobungani nemvelo enekhono lokumunca i-cyanide ngokukhetha futhi ikwazi ukubuyisa izinsimbi ezibalulekile.

I-Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation

I-hydrogen peroxide oxidation ingasetshenziswa futhi ukunciphisa ukugcwala kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Ingakwazi ukwenza i-cyanide ibe sezingeni eliphansi - ubuthi. Kodwa-ke, i-hydrogen peroxide iyi-reagent ebizayo, futhi inqubo ingase idinge ukungezwa okuqhubekayo kwama-reagents, okwandisa izindleko zokwelashwa. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inokusebenza okuzinzile uma isikhethwe kahle futhi isetshenziswa, futhi ukuvuselelwa kwayo kungabhekwa njengokunciphisa izindleko.

Intuthuko Yesikhathi Esizayo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Modified Activated Carbon

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwekhabhoni ecushiwe ekususeni i-cyanide yamahhala, kwenziwa ucwaningo ngekhabhoni ecushiwe elungisiwe. Isibonelo, ukumithisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe ngezinsimbi ezahlukene (njengethusi, insimbi, njll.) kungathuthukisa ikhono layo le-catalytic oxidation le-cyanide. Insimbi ehlukene - amakhabhoni acushiwe alayishiwe angenziwa elungiselelwe ngokuya ngezici ezithile zamanzi angcolile ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono yokwelashwa.

Izinqubo Zokwelapha Ezihlanganisiwe

Ukuhlanganisa ukwelashwa kwe-activated carbon nezinye izindlela zokwelapha nakho kuyisitayela. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa ukumuncwa kwe-activated carbon nokwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo kungasebenzisa i-activated carbon kuqala ukunciphisa i-cyanide enamazinga aphezulu emanzini angcolile ibe sezingeni elifaneleka kakhulu ekwelashweni kwezinto eziphilayo, bese kusetshenziswa izinto ezincane ukuze zibole futhi zisuse izinto ezisele ezihlobene ne-cyanide. Le nqubo ehlanganisiwe ingasebenzisa amandla ezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha futhi ifinyelele ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile okuphumelelayo nokuphelele.

Isiphetho

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ikhombisa amandla amakhulu ekukhipheni i-cyanide yamahhala (CN−) emanzini angcolile. Ngokukhangiswa ngokomzimba nokusabela kwamakhemikhali, inganciphisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile, ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwemvelo futhi ivumele nokutholwa kwensiza kwezinye izimo. Nakuba kusenezindawo ezithile ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa, njengokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-adsorption kanye nokunciphisa izindleko, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kocwaningo lokuguqulwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe nezinqubo zokwelashwa ezihlanganisiwe, ikhabhoni ecushiwe izodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni i-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile esikhathini esizayo.