Ukucaciswa Kokuphepha Kokusetshenziswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene, njengokumba igolide, ukufakelwa i-electroplating, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu, izinqubo zokuphepha eziqinile kumele zilandelwe ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwayo, ukugcinwa kwayo, ukuthuthwa kwayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ukuvikela impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza iziqondiso eziphelele mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe -Sodium cyanide.

Ukuqonda Izakhiwo zeSodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide iyisithako esimhlophe, esincibilikayo emanzini esinezakhiwo zesisekelo esiqinile ngokulinganayo. Inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu. Ukuphefumula, ukugwinya, noma ukuthintana nesikhumba ne- Sodium Cyanide kungaholela ebuthi obukhulu. Ivimbela ama-enzyme okuphefumula, okuholela ekuphelelweni amandla ngaphakathi kweseli. Ngisho nomthamo omncane womlomo ongu-50 - 100mg ungabangela ukufa okuzumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-sodium cyanide ihlangana nama-asidi, ikhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu futhi evuthayo.

Ukuthobela Ukulawula

Imithetho Kazwelonke Neyamazwe Ngamazwe

Amazwe emhlabeni wonke amise imithetho eqinile yokukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Isibonelo, e-United States, i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ibeke amazinga athile mayelana nemikhawulo yokuchayeka kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha zokuphatha i- cyanide . E-European Union, umthetho we-REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) ulawula ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwezinto ezinjalo eziyingozi. E-China, "Imithethonqubo Yokuphathwa Kokuphepha Kwamakhemikhali Ayingozi" ibeka izilawuli eziqinile kuzo zonke izici zokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide.

Izimvume kanye Nelayisensi

Zonke izinhlangano ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni, ekugcinweni, ekuthuthweni, noma ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide kufanele zithole izimvume namalayisense adingekayo ngokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo. Lezi zimvume ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza kanye nokusebenza kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ezigabeni Ezihlukene

Storage

1. Ukukhethwa Kwendawo : I-Sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni yokugcina enikezelwe, enomoya omuhle, futhi epholile. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ibe kude nemithombo yokushisa, ukuthungela, nezinto ezingahambisani. Kufanele futhi ibekwe endaweni engelula ukufinyeleleka kuyo kubasebenzi abangagunyaziwe.

2. Izidingo Zesitsha : Sebenzisa izitsha ezingagqwali futhi ezivalwe kahle ezenziwe ngezinto ezifanele. Ukuze uthole i-sodium cyanide eqinile, kuvame ukusetshenziswa izigubhu zensimbi eziqinile noma izitsha zepulasitiki ezinezivalo eziqinile. Ukuze uthole izixazululo ze-sodium cyanide, amathangi okugcina kufanele enziwe ngezinto ezingagqwali, njengezinhlobo ezithile zensimbi engagqwali noma amathangi akhethekile epulasitiki afakwe ngaphakathi. Izitsha kumele zibhalwe ngokucacile ukuthi "Ubuthi" kanye "ne-Sodium Cyanide" kanye nezimpawu zengozi ezifanele.

3. Izimo Zokugcina : Gcina indawo eyomile endaweni yokugcina, njengoba umswakama ungasheshisa ukuwohloka kwe-sodium cyanide futhi wandise ingozi yokukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide. Umswakama ohlobene endaweni yokugcina kufanele ugcinwe ngaphansi kwama-80%. Futhi, qinisekisa ukuthi kunomoya ofanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana kwanoma yimaphi amagesi angase avuza.

4. Ukuhlukaniswa Nezinto Ezingahambisani : I-Sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe ngokwehlukana nama-asidi, ama-oxidizing agents, kanye namanye amakhemikhali angasabela nayo ukuze akhiqize imikhiqizo eyingozi. Isibonelo, ukuyigcina eduze kwama-asidi kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi obukhulu.

Transportation

1. Ukupakishwa : Ukupakishwa kokuthutha i-sodium cyanide kumele kuhlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile. Ukupakishwa kwangaphandle kufanele kube namandla ngokwanele ukumelana nokuphathwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa futhi kuvikele isitsha sangaphakathi ekulimaleni. Izitsha zangaphakathi kufanele zingavuzi - zingangeni futhi zivalwe ngokuphephile. Ukupakishwa kumele futhi kubhalwe ngokucacile igama lamakhemikhali, izixwayiso zengozi, kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana oluphuthumayo.

2. Izimoto Zokuthutha : Sebenzisa izimoto zokuthutha ezikhethekile ezenzelwe ukuthwala amakhemikhali ayingozi. Lezi zimoto kufanele zibe nezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukuchitheka, imishini yokusabela eziphuthumayo , kanye nomoya ofanele. Imoto kufanele futhi ibonise izimpawu zokuxwayisa ngengozi ezifanele njengoba kudingeka emithethweni yezokuthutha.

3. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabashayeli : Abashayeli abathutha i-sodium cyanide kumele baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ekuphatheni izinto eziyingozi. Kufanele bajwayelane nezakhiwo ze-sodium cyanide, izinqubo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka ukuchitheka noma ingozi, kanye nemithethonqubo efanele yezokuthutha.

4. Ukuhlela Umzila : Hlela umzila wokuhamba kusengaphambili ukuze ugweme izindawo eziminyene, izindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezindawo ezinengozi enkulu yezingozi. Yazisa iziphathimandla zendawo ngokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide, ikakhulukazi uma udlula ezindaweni ezibucayi.

Ukuphatha nokusebenzisa

1. Imishini Yokuzivikela Yomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) :

• Isivikelo Sokuphefumula : Abasebenzi kumele bagqoke isivikelo sokuphefumula esifanele, njengesivikelo sokuphefumula ubuso bonke esinesihlungi somoya ophansi (i-HEPA) esisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nebhokisi elivunyiwe lokuvikela i-cyanide. Ezindaweni ezinobungozi obukhulu noma uma kungenzeka kube nokuchayeka okukhulu, kungadingeka imishini yokuphefumula equkethe wena (i-SCBA).

• Ukuvikelwa Kwamehlo : Gqoka izibuko ezingamelana namakhemikhali noma isivikelo sobuso ukuze uvikele amehlo ekushayweni noma ezinhlayiyeni zothuli ze-sodium cyanide.

• Ukuvikelwa Kwesikhumba : Sebenzisa amagilavu ​​​​angangenwa amanzi enziwe ngezinto ezifana nerabha ye-butyl noma i-nitrile, kanye nezimbozo noma ama-apron angangeni makhemikhali. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-PPE isesimweni esihle futhi ilingana kahle.

2. Ukusethwa Kwendawo Yomsebenzi :

• Umoya Ongenisayo : Indawo yokusebenza lapho kuphathwa khona i-sodium cyanide kufanele ibe nomoya ongenisayo omuhle kakhulu. Izinhlelo zomoya ongenisayo wendawo kufanele zifakwe ukuze zibambe noma yimuphi umusi noma uthuli oluvela ngesikhathi sokuphatha. Umoya ongenisayo ojwayelekile ekamelweni kufanele futhi ube owanele ukugcina ikhwalithi yomoya.

• Imishini Yezimo Eziphuthumayo : Nikeza imishini yezimo eziphuthumayo efinyeleleka kalula, njengeziteshi zokuhlanza amehlo, izindawo zokuhlanza zokuphepha, kanye nama-kit osizo lokuqala. Iziteshi zokuhlanza amehlo kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza zokuphepha kufanele zihlolwe njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisebenza kahle.

• Ukulawula Ukuchitheka : Yiba nezinto zokulawula ukuchitheka kanye nemishini, njengezindwangu zokumunca, isihlabathi, kanye nezinto zokulawula ukuvuza. Beka indawo ethile yokuhlanza ukuchitheka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi bayazi ukuthi bangazisebenzisa kanjani lezi zinto ngendlela efanele.

3. Izinqubo Zokusebenza :

• Ukuphatha i-Sodium Cyanide Eqinile : Sebenzisa amathuluzi afanele, njengezipuni noma izibambo, ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide eqinile. Gwema ukukhiqiza uthuli, njengoba ukuhogela uthuli lwe-cyanide kuyingozi kakhulu. Uma ukala i-sodium cyanide, sebenzisa isikali sokulinganisa endaweni enomoya omuhle futhi evalekile, okungcono kube yi-fume hood.

• Ukulungiselela Izixazululo : Uma ulungiselela izixazululo ze-sodium cyanide, engeza i-sodium cyanide eqinile kancane ku-solvent (ngokuvamile amanzi), ngenkathi uvuselela kancane. Yenza lokhu endaweni enomoya omuhle bese ulandela izilinganiso zokuxuba ezinconywayo ngokucophelela. Ungalokothi ufake amanzi ku-sodium cyanide eqinile, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukusabela okunamandla.

• Ukulawula Ukusabela : Ngesikhathi sokusabela kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya i-sodium cyanide, lawula ngokuqinile izimo zokusabela ezifana nokushisa, i-pH, kanye nesikhathi sokusabela. Sebenzisa imishini yokuqapha efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusabela kuyaqhubeka njengoba kulindelekile futhi akuholeli ekukhishweni kwamagesi anobuthi.

Ukulahlwa kwemfucuza

1. Ukuhlukaniswa : Hlukanisa imfucuza ye-sodium cyanide kwezinye izinhlobo zemfucuza. Ungayixubi nemfucuza yamakhemikhali ejwayelekile noma imfucuza engeyona ingozi. Bhala amabhokisi emfucuza ngokucacile ngokuthi "imfucuza ye-Sodium Cyanide" bese ubonisa uhlobo lwemfucuza (eqinile, ewuketshezi, njll.).

2. Ukwelashwa : Imfucuza ye-sodium cyanide kumele iphathwe ukuze ingabi yingozi ngaphambi kokulahlwa. Lokhu kungabandakanya izindlela zokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, njenge-oxidation nge-hypochlorite noma ezinye izinto ezifanelekile zokufaka i-oxidation, ukuguqula i-cyanide ibe yizinhlanganisela ezinobuthi obuncane. Imfucuza ephathwayo kufanele ihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-cyanide angaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo yokulahlwa.

3. Ukulahlwa Yizindawo Ezivunyiwe : Lahla imfucuza ye-sodium cyanide ngezindawo ezivunyiwe zokulahla imfucuza eyingozi. Lezi zindawo zinobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokusingatha nokulahla imfucuza enobuthi ngendlela ephephile emvelweni. Ungalahli imfucuza ye-sodium cyanide ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza, ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza, noma ezindaweni zamanzi.

Ukuphendula okuphuthumayo

1. Izinhlelo Eziphuthumayo : Yakha uhlelo oluphelele lokuphendula eziphuthumayo oluhlanganisa izinqubo zokusingatha ukuchitheka, ukuvuza, imililo, kanye nezehlakalo zokuchayeka ezihilela i-sodium cyanide. Uhlelo kufanele luchaze ngokucacile izindima kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yabo bonke abasebenzi abahilelekile ekuphenduleni eziphuthumayo.

2. Ukuqeqeshwa Nokuziqeqesha : Qhuba ukuqeqeshwa kwezimpendulo eziphuthumayo njalo kubo bonke abasebenzi abangase bahileleke ekuphatheni i-sodium cyanide. Qhuba izivivinyo eziphuthumayo njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bajwayelene nezinqubo zokuphendula futhi bangathatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nangendlela ephumelelayo uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.

3. Izindlela Zosizo Lokuqala : Nikeza abasebenzi ukuqeqeshwa kosizo lokuqala ngendlela yokusabela ekuvezweni yi-sodium cyanide. Uma kwenzeka umuntu ephefumula, hambisa ngokushesha umuntu othintekile emoyeni omusha. Uma umuntu edle i-sodium cyanide, ungamhlanzi, kodwa shayela usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuze uthole ukuthintana nesikhumba, susa izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza indawo ethintekile ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 - 20. Uma kwenzeka ukuthintana namehlo, hlanza amehlo ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15.

4. Isaziso : Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo esihilela i-sodium cyanide, yazisa ngokushesha izinhlangano eziphuthumayo zendawo, njengomnyango womlilo, izinhlangano zokuvikela imvelo, kanye nezikhungo zokulawula ubuthi. Banikeze ulwazi olunembile mayelana nohlobo kanye nobukhulu besigameko.

Isiphetho

Ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu. Ngokunamathela ngokuqinile ezidingweni zokulawula, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha ezifanele endaweni yokugcina, ezokuthutha, ukuphatha, ukusetshenziswa, nokulahlwa kwemfucuza, nokuba nezinhlelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ezisebenzayo, izingozi ezihlobene ne-sodium cyanide zingancishiswa kakhulu. Bonke abantu nezinhlangano ezihilelekile kumjikelezo wokuphila we-sodium cyanide kumele bazibophezele ekugcineni amazinga aphezulu okuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe izimpilo zabantu kanye nemvelo.