Izingozi Zesodium Cyanide Emhlabathini Nasendaweni

Isingeniso

Sodium I-Cyanide iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni, njengezimayini zegolide nesiliva, i-electroplating, kanye ne-organic synthesis. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungafanele, ukugcinwa, noma ukulahlwa kwayo kungaholela emiphumeleni enzima enhlabathini kanye nendawo ezungezile. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuhlose ukuhlola ngokuningiliziwe izingozi ezibangelwa i-sodium cyanide emhlabathini kanye nemvelo.

Izakhiwo kanye nemithombo ye-Sodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iqinile, ecwebezelayo emhlophe encibilika kakhulu emanzini. Inobuthi obudlulele, nephunga le-alimondi elibabayo (yize kungeyena wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukuzwa leli phunga). Embonini, isetshenziswa ngobuningi obukhulu ekukhishweni kwegolide nesiliva ensimbi ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-cyanidation. Kule nqubo, I-Sodium Cyanide isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, ukwakha izakhiwo zensimbi ezincibilikayo ze-cyanide. Ezinye izimboni, njenge-electroplating, ziyisebenzisela ukufaka ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Ukwengeza, isebenza njengempahla eluhlaza eyinhloko ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlanganisela eziningi ze-organic embonini yamakhemikhali. Ngeshwa, ukuchitheka kwegazi ngengozi, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okungafanele, nokuvuza ezindaweni zokugcina kungadedela I-sodium cyanide endaweni ezungezile.

Izingozi Emhlabathini

Umthelela Kumagciwane Omhlaba

Ama-microorganisms enhlabathi adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuvunda komhlabathi, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili yezakhi, kanye nempilo yomhlabathi jikelele. I-sodium cyanide, uma ikhona emhlabathini, ingaba nomthelela omubi kulawa ma-microorganisms. Ngisho nalapho izinga lokuhlushwa liphansi kakhulu, i-cyanide ingavimbela ukusebenza kwamagciwane enhlabathini, isikhunta, namanye amagciwane awusizo. Isibonelo, ingaphazamisa ikhono lokulungisa i-nitrogen yamabhaktheriya athile, abalulekile ekuguquleni i-nitrogen yasemkhathini ibe uhlobo olungasetshenziswa izitshalo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kokuhamba ngebhayisikili nge-nitrogen kungaholela ekwehleni kokuvunda kwenhlabathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kungabulala amagciwane amaningi enhlabathini, kunciphise ukuhlukahluka kwamagciwane futhi kuguqule ibhalansi yemvelo yomhlabathi.

Umthelela Ekwakhekeni Komhlaba kanye Nokutholakala Komsoco

I-Cyanide nayo ingathinta izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezamakhemikhali zomhlabathi. Ingakwazi ukubopha ezinsimbi kanye ne-organic matter enhlabathini, yakhe ama-complexes azinzile. Lokhu kubopha kungenza imisoco ebalulekile, njengensimbi, i-zinc, nethusi, ingatholakali ezitshalweni. Uma i-cyanide ihlangana nezingxenye zenhlabathi, ingashintsha i-pH yomhlabathi, okubuye kube nomthelela ekuncibilikeni nokutholakala kwezinye imisoco. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimo, izinguquko ezibangelwa i-cyanide ku-pH zingaholela emvuleni ye-phosphorus, yenze ingafinyeleleki ezitshalweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-cyanide kungaphazamisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi okuhlanganisayo. Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enempilo ibalulekile ekungeneni kwamanzi, ukungena kwezimpande, kanye nokufaka umoya. Lapho isakhiwo siphazamiseka, inhlabathi ingase iminyene, okuholela ekungangeni kahle kwamanzi nokuncipha kokutholakala komoyampilo ezimpandeni zezitshalo.

Ukungcoliswa Kwenhlabathi kanye Namathuba Okuphikelela Kwesikhathi Eside

Uma i-sodium cyanide ingena emhlabathini, ingaqhubeka isikhathi eside, kuye ngezimo zemvelo. Kwezinye izimo, i-cyanide ingase yonakaliswe kancane kancane ama-microorganisms enhlabathini noma izinqubo zamakhemikhali. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugxila kuphezulu noma izimo zemvelo zingezimbi ukuwohloka (njengasenhlabathini ene-anaerobic noma ene-acidic kakhulu), i-cyanide inganqwabelana emhlabathini. Lokhu kuhlala isikhathi eside kusho ukuthi umhlabathi ungahlala ungcolile iminyaka, okwenza kube usongo oluqhubekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo nasezintweni eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabathini. Ukwengeza, inhlabathi engcolile ingaba umthombo wokungcola okwesibili, njengoba i-cyanide ingase ingene emanzini angaphansi komhlaba noma ithathwe ukugeleza kwamanzi, isakaze ukungcola kwezinye izindawo.

Izingozi Ezemvelo

Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi

I-sodium cyanide inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, futhi noma yikuphi ukukhishelwa emanzini kungaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele. Lapho ingena emanzini angaphezulu, njengemifula noma amachibi, ingancibilika ngokushesha futhi yakhe ama- ion e-cyanide. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi zokugxila, i-cyanide inobuthi kakhulu ezintweni eziphila emanzini. Izinhlanzi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, nezilwane ezihlala emanzini zizwela kakhulu ekuchayekeni kwe-cyanide. Ingaphazamisa izinhlelo zabo zokuphefumula, ivimbele ukumuncwa komoyampilo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlanzi zingase zibe nokuncipha kokusebenza kokubhukuda, ukuzala okuvinjelwe, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, ukufa kwabantu abaningi. Ukugxila okuphansi okungama-micrograms angu-5 - 7.2 ilitha ngalinye le-cyanide yamahhala kungaba nemiphumela emibi ezinhlanzini, futhi amazinga angaphezu kuka-200 ama-microgram ilitha anobuthi ngokushesha ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi. Izilwane ezingenamgogodla nazo zibonisa imiphumela emibi engabulali ekugxilweni okuphansi kwe-cyanide, kanye nemiphumela ebulalayo emazingeni aphezulu kancane. I-Cyanide ingangcolisa namanzi angaphansi komhlaba, okuwumthombo omkhulu wamanzi okuphuza emiphakathini eminingi. Uma i-cyanide - amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angcolile esetshenziselwa ukuphuza, angaba usongo olukhulu empilweni yomuntu, abangele izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda, isiyezi, isicanucanu, futhi ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa.

Ukungcoliswa komoya

Uma i-sodium cyanide ihlangana nama-asidi, usawoti we-asidi, amanzi, umswakama, noma I-Carbon i-dioxide, ingakhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) enobuthi kakhulu, evuthayo. Le gesi ingakhishwa emoyeni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezimboni lapho kuchitheka khona ngengozi noma ukuphathwa kabi. Igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide iyingozi kakhulu njengoba ingahogelwa ngabantu nezilwane. Ukuhogela ngisho namanani amancane e-hydrogen cyanide kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, futhi uma ukuvezwa kumthamo ophezulu, kungaholela ekumisweni kokuphefumula nokufa. Ngaphezu kwezingozi eziqondile zempilo, igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide ingafaka isandla ekungcolisweni komoya endaweni ezungezile, kuthinte ikhwalithi yomoya futhi kungalimaze izitshalo ngokumuncwa kwamaqabunga.

Umthelela ku-Terestrial Ecosystems

Ngale kwemiphumela eqondile enhlabathini nasemanzini, ukungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide kungaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude kuzinhlelo zemvelo zasemhlabeni. Njengoba izitshalo ziyisisekelo sochungechunge lokudla, noma yimuphi umthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ngenxa yenhlabathi - i-cyanide engcolile ingaphazamisa yonke i-ecosystem. Izilwane ezidla uhlaza ezithembele kulezi zitshalo ukuze zidle zingase zibe nokuncipha kokutholakala kokudla noma zingase zidle izitshalo ezinamazinga aphezulu e-cyanide, okungaba ubuthi kuzo. Lokhu-ke kungase kuthinte izixuku ezidla lezi zilwane ezidla uhlaza. Isibonelo, ezindaweni lapho imisebenzi yezimayini iholele ekungcolisweni kwe-cyanide enhlabathini, imiphakathi yezitshalo ingase ishintshe, nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezizwela kakhulu zithathelwa indawo yilezo ezikwazi ukubekezelela i-cyanide. Lokhu kushintshwa kwemiphakathi yezitshalo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yokuhlala nokudla kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasendle, okungase kubangele ukwehla kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide, ngenxa yesimo sayo esiyingozi kakhulu, idala izingozi ezinkulu enhlabathini nasemvelweni. Imithelela enhlabathini ingaphazamisa izakhiwo zayo zebhayoloji, ngokomzimba, namakhemikhali, okuholela ekwehliseni ukuvunda nokungcola kwesikhathi eside. Emvelweni obanzi, kungabangela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nomoya, kubeke engozini imvelo yasemanzini nasemhlabeni, kanye nempilo yabantu. Uma kubhekwa lezi zingozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izimboni ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide zisebenzise izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ekuyiphatheni, ekugcinweni nasekuyilahleni. Ukwengeza, izinhlangano ezilawulayo zidinga ukuphoqelela imithetho eqinile yezemvelo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhululwa kwe-sodium cyanide endaweni ezungezile futhi kuvikelwe imithombo yethu yemvelo eyigugu.