Ukulahlwa Okufanelekile Kweziqukathi Ze-Sodium Cyanide Ezilahliwe

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide kuyinto kakhulu Ikhemikhali Enobuthi esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini, electroplating, kanye chemical synthesis. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo, i- Ukulahlwa Okufanelekile kokulahliwe I-Sodium Cyanide iziqukathi zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukungaphathi kahle lezi zitsha kungaholela ekungcolisweni okukhulu kwemvelo futhi kube usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela ophelele wokuthi ungazilahla kanjani lezi zitsha ngokuphepha nangokufanele.

Ingozi Yeziqukathi Ze-Sodium Cyanide Ezilahliwe

I-sodium cyanide inobuthi kakhulu. Ngisho nenani elincane lingabulala uma lingenwa, lihogelwa, noma lihlangana nesikhumba. Iziqukathi ezilahliwe zisengaqukatha izinsalela i-sodium cyanide, okungavuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nini I-sodium cyanide ihlangana namanzi noma ama-asidi, ingakhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, into eguquguqukayo futhi enobuthi obuningi. Le gesi inzima kunomoya futhi inganqwabelana ezindaweni eziphansi, ibeke engozini izimpilo zalabo abaseduze. Ukwengeza, uma i-sodium cyanide esele ingena emhlabathini noma emithonjeni yamanzi, ingangcolisa indawo ezungezile, ibangele umonakalo wesikhathi eside ku-ecosystem futhi ingene ohlelweni lokudla.

Ukuthobela Ukulawula

Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokulahla, kubalulekile ukuqaphela futhi uhambisane nayo yonke imithetho efanele yendawo, yezwe kanye neyamazwe ngamazwe. Izifunda ezehlukene zinemithetho eqondile mayelana nokuphathwa nokulahlwa kwemfucuza eyingozi, ikakhulukazi izinto ezinobuthi njenge-sodium cyanide. Le mithethonqubo ihlanganisa izici ezifana nokulebula okufanele kwemfucuza, imibhalo yenqubo yokulahlwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokulahla ezigunyaziwe. Ukungathobeli imithetho kungaholela ezijezisweni ezinzima, ezihlanganisa izinhlawulo ezinkulu nezikweletu zomthetho. Isibonelo, e-United States, i-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inemithetho eqinile ngaphansi kwe-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) elawula ukuphathwa kukadoti oyingozi, okuwela ngaphansi kwayo udoti ohlobene ne-sodium cyanide.

Isinyathelo - by - Isinyathelo Sokulahla

1. Ukuhlola Kokuqala

Okokuqala, hlola ngeso lengqondo isitsha esilahliwe. Bheka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuvuza, ukugqwala, noma ukulimala. Uma kukhona ukuvuza okubonakalayo, ungazami ukuhambisa isiqukathi ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha. Maka indawo ezungeze isiqukathi ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.

Zama ukuthola inani le-sodium cyanide esele esitsheni. Lolu lwazi luzoba usizo ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo zokulahla, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhethwa indlela yokulahla efanele kanye nenani lama-reagents adingekayo ukuze kwelashwa (uma kusebenza).

2. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha

Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele (i-PPE). Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagilavu ​​amelana namakhemikhali, isudi ye-hazmat egcwele umzimba wonke, izibuko zokuphepha, kanye nomshini wokuphefumula onesihlungi se-particulate air (HEPA) esisebenza kahle kakhulu noma i-cartridge yegesi efanelekile yokuvikela i-cyanide.

Sebenza endaweni enomoya ohlanzekile, okungcono ngaphandle noma endaweni yokushisa intuthu uma ikhona. Uma usebenza ngaphandle, khetha indawo ekude nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi, imithombo yamanzi, nemisele.

Yiba nekhithi yokuchitheka kokubekwe eceleni. Ikhithi yokuchitheka kufanele ibe nezinto ezimuncayo, izinto ezinciphisa amandla (njengesixazululo se-sodium hypochlorite yokuchitheka kwe-cyanide), namathuluzi okuhlanza okuchithekile.

3. Ukuvalwa Kwesitsha (uma kungenzeka)

Uma isiqukathi sinesivalo noma indlela yokuvala engonakalisiwe, sivale ngokucophelela isiqukathi ukuvimbela ukuvuza okwengeziwe. Sebenzisa izinto zokuvala ezifanele ezifana netheyiphu yokudonsa (okungcono ukumelana namakhemikhali) noma iziqukathi zokuvala iziqukathi ezikhethekile. Kodwa-ke, uma isitsha silimele kakhulu, lesi sinyathelo singase singenzeki noma siphumelele.

4. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Residual Sodium Cyanide (Ongakukhetha kodwa Kuyanconywa)

Enye indlela evamile yokwenza insalela ye-sodium cyanide ibe nobuthi i-oxidation. Isibonelo, ungasabela nge-ejenti eqinile ye-oxidizing njenge-potassium permanganate. Esimeni selabhorethri - esikalini noma esincane - sobuningi, lungisa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate emanzini endaweni yokuhlushwa efanele (imvamisa cishe u-5 - 10% ngesisindo). Yengeza kancane kancane i-sodium - cyanide - equkethe izinto ezivela esitsheni kusisombululo se-potassium permanganate ngenkathi uvuselela kancane. Lokhu kusabela kuzoguqula i-sodium cyanide ibe into enobuthi obuncane ebizwa ngokuthi i-sodium cyanide.

Enye inketho ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-bleach (i-sodium hypochlorite) ne-sodium hydroxide. Okokuqala, chitha inani elincane le-sodium hydroxide emanzini ukuze wenze isixazululo esinamanzi esingu-5%. Bese, engeza i-sodium - cyanide - equkethe impahla kulesi sixazululo. Ngemuva kwalokho, engeza i-bleach eyengeziwe. Le nqubo izophinde iguqule i-sodium cyanide ibe into eyingozi kancane. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma usebenzisa le ndlela, ukusabela kufanele kwenziwe ngaphandle noma endaweni enomoya omuhle ngoba igesi ye-nitrogen ingase ikhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokusabela, futhi uma umkhumbi wokusabela uvalwe ngokuqinile, ukucindezela kungase kwakhiwe.

5. Ukupakisha Ezokuthutha

Beka isitsha esivalekile (noma esihlatshiwe) kwesibili, esifaka ubufakazi. Lokhu kungaba isigubhu sepulasitiki esiqinile noma isitsha esikhethekile esiyingozi - imfucuza. Isiqukathi sesibili kufanele sibhalwe ngokucacile ngamalebula engozi afanelekile, okubonisa ukuthi siqukethe imfucumfucu enobuthi neyingozi, ehlobene ngokuqondile ne-sodium cyanide.

Vikela isitsha ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi sesibili ukuze uvimbele ukunyakaza ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Sebenzisa izinto zokugwedla ezifana negwebu noma ukugoqa kwebhamuza ukuze uvale isitsha sangaphakathi.

6. Ukuthutha Ukuya Esikhungweni Sokulahla Esigunyaziwe

Xhumana nenkampani enelayisensi eyingozi - ezokuthutha udoti. Qiniseka ukuthi banolwazi lokuthutha izinto ezinobuthi obuphezulu njenge-sodium cyanide. Banikeze lonke ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nemfucuza, okuhlanganisa nenani, uhlobo lwesiqukathi, nanoma yikuphi ukwelashwa osekwenziwe.

Landela yonke imithetho yezokuthutha, engabandakanya izidingo ezithile zomzila, izinyathelo zokuphepha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zokuthutha ezifanele ezihlomeke ngezici zokuphepha ezifana nezinhlelo zokuqukatha ukuchitheka.

7. Ukulahlwa Esikhungweni Esigunyaziwe

Izikhungo ezigunyaziwe zokulahla imfucuza eyingozi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenza ngezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu njenge-sodium cyanide, zinemishini ekhethekile nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ukulahlwa okuphephile. Lezi zikhungo zingasebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokushiswa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu endaweni elawulwayo ukuze kucekelwe phansi ngokuphelele i-sodium cyanide. Ngesikhathi sokushiswa, i-sodium cyanide ishiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, iguqule ibe yimikhiqizo engeyona - enobuthi noma encane - enobuthi - njenge-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, nosawoti we-sodium.

Ezinye izikhungo zingasebenzisa izinqubo zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokukhipha ubuthi kudoti ngaphambi kokulahlwa kokugcina. Isikhungo sizophinde siphathe umlotha kanye nanoma yiziphi izinsalela ezisele ohlelweni lokulahlwa ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo yemvelo.

Okuthunyelwe - Ukuqinisekiswa Kokulahla

Ngemuva kokuthi inqubo yokulahla isiqediwe, thola isitifiketi sokulahla endaweni egunyaziwe. Lesi sitifiketi sisebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi isiqukathi se-sodium cyanide esilahliwe silahlwe kahle ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho.

Gcina amarekhodi azo zonke izinyathelo ezihilelekile ohlelweni lokulahla, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola kokuqala, izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithathiwe, imininingwane yokwelashwa (uma ikhona), imibhalo yezokuthutha, kanye nesitifiketi sokulahlwa. Lawa marekhodi angase adingeke ukuze kucwaningwe okulawulwayo noma ngezinjongo zokugcina amarekhodi enkampani.

Isiphetho

Ukulahlwa okufanele kwe Iziqukathi Ze-Sodium Cyanide Ezilahliwe kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi elawulwa kakhulu edinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela emininingwaneni kanye nokubambelela ngokuqinile ezimisweni zokuphepha. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, kusukela ekuhloleni kokuqala kuya ekulahleni kokugcina endaweni egunyaziwe, ubungozi obuhambisana nalezi zitsha ezinobuthi bungancishiswa, kuvikelwe kokubili impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Khumbula, lapho usebenzisana ne-sodium cyanide, ukuphepha kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili ngaso sonke isikhathi.