Umthelela weSodium Cyanide Emhlabathini Nasendaweni

Isingeniso

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iyinhlanganisela ye-inorganic enobuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni ezehlukene zezimboni, ezifana nezimayini zegolide, i-electroplating, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi, kunengozi enkulu yoku i-sodium cyanide ukungena kufayela le- imvelo, lapho kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu inhlabathi izinga kanye nebhalansi yemvelo. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola kabanzi umthelela we I-Sodium Cyanide emhlabathini kanye nemvelo ebanzi.

Izici ze-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide iqinile emhlophe, ecwebezelayo enephunga elimnandi le-alimondi elibabayo. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini, yakha isisombululo se-alkaline esinamandla. Lokhu kuncibilika kuvumela ukuba kusabalale kalula endaweni, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-sodium cyanide iyi-ejenti yokunciphisa enamandla futhi isabela ngokushesha nezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ama-asidi, izinsimbi, nama-oxidizing agents. Lezi zakhiwo zamakhemikhali zinomthelela emandleni ayo okulimaza imvelo.

Imizila yeSodium Cyanide Ingena Emvelweni

Ukukhishwa Kwezimboni

Ezimbonini ezifana nezimayini zegolide, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziselwa ukukhipha igolide kuma-ore. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwaleli khemikhali kungaholela ekuchithekeni okukhulu endaweni ezungezile. Isibonelo, izinsalela ezivela ezimayini zegolide zivame ukuba nensalela ye-sodium cyanide, engakhishelwa emanzini aseduze nasenhlabathini uma ingaphathwa kahle. Ngokufanayo, ezimbonini ze-electroplating, amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-sodium cyanide angase akhishwe ngaphandle kokwelashwa okwanele, okubeka usongo endaweni ezungezile.

Ukuchitheka Kwengozi

Izingozi ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ukugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide zingaholela ekuchithekeni okukhulu. Lokhu kuchitheka kungangcolisa inhlabathi, amanzi angaphezulu, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umkhumbi othwala uketshezi lwe-sodium cyanide ugingqika, ikhemikhali ingangena ngokushesha emhlabathini, ithinte amakhemikhali nomhlabathi wezinto eziphilayo. Kwezinye izimo, ukuchitheka kungase futhi kuholele ekwakhekeni kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, engahlakazeka emoyeni, ibangele ukulimala kokubili abantu nemvelo.

Umthelela Emhlabathini

Izinguquko Zekhemikhali Emhlabathini

Lapho i-sodium cyanide ingena enhlabathini, ingangena ku-hydrolysis, ikhiphe i-cyanide ions (CN⁻). Lama ion e-cyanide angasabela ngezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlabathi. Ngokwesibonelo, zingakha izakhi ezinama-ion ensimbi enhlabathini, njengensimbi, ithusi, ne-zinc. Lokhu kungashintsha ukutholakala kwalezi zinsimbi ezibalulekile ezitshalweni, kuphazamise izinqubo ezivamile zokukhula kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-cyanide kungashintsha i-pH yenhlabathi. Njengoba i-sodium cyanide iyisisekelo esiqinile, ingakhuphula i-alkalinity yomhlabathi, okungenzeka ingafaneleki ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo ezithanda indawo engathathi hlangothi noma ene-acidic yenhlabathi.

Imithelela Kumagciwane Omhlaba

Amagciwane omhlaba adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuvunda komhlabathi kanye nokuhamba kwamabhayisikili okunomsoco. Kodwa-ke, i-sodium cyanide inobuthi kakhulu kulawa ma-microorganisms. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi, i-cyanide ingavimbela ukukhula nokusebenza kwamabhaktheriya, isikhunta, nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kuphazamise ikhono lokulungisa i-nitrogen yamabhaktheriya athile, okubalulekile ukuze izitshalo zithole i-nitrogen, isakhi esibalulekile. Lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kokuvunda komhlabathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokuncipha komkhiqizo jikelele we-ecosystem yomhlabathi.

Umthelela Ekukhuleni Kwezitshalo

Izitshalo ezikhula enhlabathini engcoliswe i-sodium cyanide zibhekana nezinselele eziningi. Ukuthathwa kwe-cyanide ngezimpande zezitshalo kungaphazamisa izinqubo zabo zokuphefumula. I-Cyanide ibophezela ku-cytochrome oxidase, i-enzyme ehilelekile ekuphefumuleni kwamangqamuzana, ivimbe uchungechunge lwezokuthutha lwama-electron futhi ivimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-ATP, imali yamandla yeseli. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo zingase zithole ukukhula okuqinile, amaqabunga aphuzi (chlorosis), futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa. Ukwengeza, ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali enhlabathi kanye nokuncipha kokusebenza kwe-microbial ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwandisa umthelela omubi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.

Umthelela Kwezemvelo

Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi

I-sodium cyanide endaweni ingathola kalula indlela yayo emanzini. Uma isisemanzini, iyahlukana ibe amaion e-cyanide, anobuthi obudlulele ezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu zokugxila (ebangeni lama-micrograms ilitha), i-cyanide ingaba yingozi ezinhlanzini, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, nezinye izilwane zasemanzini. Kungaphazamisa izinqubo zokuphefumula zalezi zinambuzane, okuholela ekumitheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwe-cyanide emanzini kungathinta nekhwalithi yemithombo yamanzi okuphuza. Uma i-cyanide - amanzi angcolile esetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa komuntu, angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, kuhlanganise nokucindezeleka kokuphefumula, isiyezi, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa.

Ukungcoliswa komoya

Nakuba kungavamile, i-sodium cyanide ingaba nomthelela ekungcoleni komoya. Lapho kukhona ama-acids noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zemvelo, i-sodium cyanide ingasabela ukwakha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). IHydrogen cyanide iyigesi eguquguqukayo futhi enobuthi kakhulu. Ingadedelwa emoyeni ngesikhathi sezinqubo zezimboni, ichithe ngephutha, noma lapho i-cyanide - inhlabathi engcolile noma amanzi echayeka ezintweni ezine-asidi. Uma isisemoyeni, i-hydrogen cyanide ingahogelwa abantu nezilwane, ibangele umonakalo ohlelweni lokuphefumula, amehlo nezinye izitho.

Ukungalingani Kwemvelo

Ukungcoliswa okusabalele kwenhlabathi namanzi nge-sodium cyanide kungaholela ekungalinganisweni okuphawulekayo kwemvelo. Ukufa kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kanye nokwehla kokukhula kwezitshalo okusekelwe emhlabathini kungaphazamisa wonke amaketanga okudla. Isibonelo, uma inani lezinhlanzi lehla ngenxa ye-cyanide - amanzi angcolile, lokhu kungaba nomthelela omubi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezithembele ezinhlanzini ukuze zidle. Ukwengeza, ukulahlekelwa kokumboza kwezitshalo emhlabathini - izindawo ezingcolile kungaholela ekwandeni kokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, kuqhubeke kulimaze imvelo.

Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela Ukungcoliswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Ukwelashwa Kwenhlabathi Namanzi Angcolile

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha inhlabathi namanzi angcoliswe yi-sodium cyanide. Ekuphatheni amanzi, izindlela zokuxilisa ngamakhemikhali zivame ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ukufaka i-chlorine noma i-hydrogen peroxide ku-cyanide - amanzi angcolisiwe angaxilisa ama-ion e-cyanide abe izinhlobo ezingenabo ubuthi, njenge-cyanate (CNO⁻) noma I-Carbon i-dioxide negesi ye-nitrogen. Ekwelapheni inhlabathi, ukulungiswa kwe-bio kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo. Amanye ama-microorganism, njengebhaktheriya ethile kanye ne-fungi, anekhono lokuphula i-cyanide ibe izinto ezingalimazi kakhulu. Ngokufaka la ma-microorganism enhlabathini engcolile, amazinga e-cyanide angancishiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuvimbela Ukungcoliswa kwe-Sodium Cyanide

Ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide, izimboni kufanele zisebenzise ukuphepha okuqinile kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha imvelo. Embonini yezimayini, isibonelo, ukugcinwa okufanele kanye nokuphathwa kwensila kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amachibi anemisila afakwe ulayini ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-cyanide - equkethe imisila endaweni ezungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni kufanele zitshale imali kwezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezinciphisa noma eziqeda ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Isibonelo, eminye imisebenzi yezimayini ihlola ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezingasekelwe ku-cyanide ukuze kukhishwe igolide, njenge-thiosulfate leaching, engalimazi kangako imvelo.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide ibeka engcupheni enkulu izinga lenhlabathi kanye nendawo ezungezile ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kabusha. Ikhemikhali ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu emakhemikhali enhlabathi, amagciwane enhlabathini, nokukhula kwezitshalo, kanye nokungcolisa amanzi nomoya, okuholela ekungalingani kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele kwemidiya engcolile kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezimbonini, umthelela omubi we-sodium cyanide emvelweni ungancishiswa. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni, ohulumeni, kanye nomphakathi wonkana bakubone ukubaluleka kokulawula ukusetshenziswa nokungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo nempilo yabantu.