Samar da Mercury (Hg), Tushen & Bayanin Masana'antu | United Chemical

Gabatarwa

Mercury (Hg) yana da mahimmanci a tarihi amma ƙarfe mai nauyi mai haɗari. Kaddarorinsa na musamman - ruwa a zazzabi na ɗaki, haɓakar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da ikon alloying - ya haifar da amfani da masana'antu da yawa a baya. Ƙara wayar da kan jama'a game da haɗarin muhalli da lafiya da ke tattare da su Mercury ya haifar da ayyuka na kasa da kasa kamar Yarjejeniyar Minamata don ƙuntatawa ko kawar da da yawa SAURARA yana amfani da kuma ƙarfafa sake yin amfani da su da kuma sarrafa gurɓata yanayi.

Wannan labarin labaran kamfanin ta United Chemical yana ba da taƙaitaccen bayanin ƙwararru Mercury maɓuɓɓuka da hanyoyin dawowa, halayen ingancin samfur da kwatancen ta tushe, sarkar darajar masana'antu, tsari da shimfidar wurare na kasuwanci, da yardawar kamfanoni da shawarwarin sarrafa haɗari.

Bayanan aminci: Mercury da mahadi ne neurotoxic da muhalli m. Duk wani mu'amala, murmurewa, sufuri ko amfani dole ne ya bi dokokin ƙasa, yarjejeniyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙa'idojin kayayyaki masu haɗari. 

1. Menene Mercury? (Takaice)

Elemental Mercury (Hg) ƙarfe ne mai yawa na ruwa a yanayin yanayi kuma yana iya yin tururi da watsewa a cikin muhalli. Mercury yana faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa:

• Elemental Mercury (Hg⁰) - karfe, maras tabbas;

• Inorganic mercury salts - misali, chloride mercuric (HgCl₂);

• Organic Mercury - irin su methylmercury, wanda ke haɓaka cikin sarƙoƙi na abinci kuma yana haifar da haɗarin lafiya mai tsanani.

Mercury da aka saki a cikin iska da ruwa na iya canzawa kuma a tattara su, yana haifar da tasirin muhalli na dogon lokaci da lafiyar ɗan adam.

2. Babban tushe da nau'ikan farfadowa (bayyani mai girma)

Ana samun wadatar mercury ta duniya musamman daga ma'adinai na farko (cinnabar/HgS) da kuma rafukan da aka sake fa'ida (kayayyakin masana'antu da sharar da aka tattara). Mahimman nau'ikan tushe sune:

1. Ma'adinai na farko da narke (cinnabar)

• Overview: Cinnabar tarihi (HgS) hakar ma'adinai da samar da narkewa elemental mercury ta hanyar dumama da sanyaya. Kayan aiki na zamani na iya samar da mercury mai tsafta bayan isassun magani.

• Damuwa: Ƙananan narkewar da ba a tsara shi ba yana haifar da mummunar ƙazanta da haɗarin lafiya; ƙasashe da yawa sun iyakance ko haramta irin waɗannan ayyukan.

2. Sake dawo da samfuran masana'antu da kuma sake sarrafa su

• Overview: Mercury yana ƙara fitowa daga rafukan da aka tattara - fitilun fitilu, masu sauyawa da relays, na'urorin likitanci, kayan lantarki da sharar gida - sannan a tsaftace su a cikin wuraren sarrafawa.

• ribaSake yin amfani da su yana rage nauyin muhalli kuma yana inganta ganowa da bin ka'idoji.

3. Aikin haƙar ma'adinai da ƙananan gwal (ASGM)

• Overview: A wasu yankuna ASGM na amfani da mercury don samar da amalgams don dawo da zinariya. 

• Policy: Amfani da mercury ASGM shine mabuɗin manufa don ragewa a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Minamata da shirye-shiryen ƙasa waɗanda ke haɓaka madadin.

4. Hannun jari na tarihi da rushewar kayan aiki

• Overview: Ƙarƙashin tsofaffin kayan aiki da zubar da kayan gado kuma suna haifar da mercury mai murmurewa, amma inganci da bayanin martaba sun bambanta da yawa kuma suna buƙatar aiki a hankali.

3. Tushen / kwatancen ingancin samfur da ma'auni masu mahimmanci

Ƙungiyoyin saye da yarda ya kamata su ba da fifikon ma'auni masu zuwa a cikin Takaddun Takaddun Bincike (COA):

• Hg abun ciki / tsarki na asali (%);

• Organic Mercury (methylmercury) ragowar;

• Ƙunƙarar ƙarfi da matakan aminci masu alaƙa da tururi;

• Najasa marasa lafiya (As, Pb, S mahadi, barbashi);

• Danshi da gurbataccen inji;

• Form da marufi (ruwan ruwa Hg, salts, gami; ƙayyadaddun kayan akwati).

Kwatanta babban matakin ta tushe:

• Ma'adinai na farko (tsiran da suka dace): Ana iya samun babban tsabta idan an sarrafa fitar da hayaki da sharar gida; bin ka'ida yana da mahimmanci.

• Maimaituwar sake yin amfani da shi: Tare da gyaran zamani, sake yin fa'ida mercury zai iya saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsabta kuma an fi son shi don dalilai na muhalli.

• Maɓuɓɓugar tarihi/warkewa: Kyakkyawan inganci; sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙarin tsarkakewa.

• Abubuwan da aka bayar na ASGM: Mai gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu kuma ba a yarda da shi ba don halaltaccen sarƙoƙin wadata.

4. Sarkar darajar masana'antu (na sama - tsakiya - ƙasa)

Upstream - tushen & kayan aiki

• Sources: ma'adinan cinnabar, sharar gida na masana'antu (fitilu, masu sauyawa, na'urorin likitanci), hannun jari na tarihi.

• Kayan aiki & ayyuka: rufaffiyar natsuwa/tsarin kamawa, raka'o'in tallatawa/sha, kayan aikin tacewa, ingantattun ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje, fakitin kaya masu haɗari da dabaru.

Midstream - tacewa, gwaji & kasuwanci

• ayyuka: narkewa / tacewa, gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje (COA/MSDS), marufi da lakabi, yarda da fitarwa da dabaru.

• Abubuwa masu mahimmanci: izini, sarrafa hayaki, kula da lafiya na sana'a da yarda da sufuri.

Ƙarƙashin ƙasa - aikace-aikace & yanayin sauyawa

• Aikace-aikace: niche high-daidaicin kayan kida, wasu sinadarai masu kara kuzari, bincike; tarihi a cikin hasken wuta da masu sauyawa (yanzu an maye gurbinsu).

• Trend: saurin karɓar fasahar da ba ta da mercury (LEDs, ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙarfi, madadin abubuwan haɓakawa) da kuma fitar da tsarin tsari a yawancin amfani.

5. Tsarin tsari & yanayin ciniki (bayani)

• Taron Minamata: mahimmin tsarin doka na ƙasa da ƙasa da ke buƙatar matakan ragewa da kuma kawar da sakin mercury, ƙarfafa sake yin amfani da su da sarrafa hannun jari.

• Yanayin kasuwa: faɗuwar buƙatun mercury na farko tare da haɓaka dogaro ga sake yin fa'ida, hanyoyin da suka dace; Kasuwancin mercury ba bisa ka'ida ba da ASGM na yau da kullun sun kasance abubuwan fifikon tilasta aiwatarwa.

• Tsananin ciniki: fitarwa dole ne ya cika buƙatun ƙasar da aka nufa, ƙa'idodin jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari (IATA/IMDG), da gano asali.

6. Hadarin masana'antu, abubuwan da suka dace & shawarwari

1. yarda: kula da cikakkiyar daidaituwa tare da Yarjejeniyar Minamata da ƙa'idodin gida - rubuce-rubucen gano tushen mercury da wuraren zuwa.

2. Inganta sake yin amfani da su: saka hannun jari a tsarin tattarawa da tace kayayyakin more rayuwa don samar da mercury da aka sake fa'ida.

3. Kare lafiya & muhalli: tilasta sa ido na sana'a, rigakafin zubar da ciki, ba da amsa ga gaggawa da haɗin gwiwar al'umma.

4. Goyon bayan canji: aiki tare da abokan ciniki don amfani da fasahohin da ba su da mercury da ba da tallafi na sokewa/dawo da kadari.

5. Kula da inganci & ganowa: samar da COA/MSDS tare da kowane jigilar kaya kuma tabbatar da gano batch.

6. Canja wurin haɗari: aiwatar da inshorar muhalli da ya dace da inshorar sufuri.

Ƙarshe - United Chemical' alkawari

United Chemical ya himmatu wajen yin aiki da alhakin, mai yarda da mahalli tare da kayan da ke da alaƙa da mercury. Abubuwan da muka ba da fifiko sun haɗa da:

• ba da fifikon sake yin amfani da su da kuma rage dogaro kan hakar farko;

• kiyaye ingantaccen iko mai inganci, takardu da ganowa;

• samar da abokan ciniki tare da takaddun yarda, shawarwarin fasaha da horarwa mai aminci;

• haɗin gwiwa don ci gaba da hanyoyin da rage haɗarin mercury a cikin masana'antu na ƙasa.