Hadarin sodium Cyanide: Abin da Kuna Bukatar Ku sani

A ranar 12 ga Agusta, 2015, wani fashewa ya faru a wani ma'ajiyar sinadarai masu haɗari mallakar Kamfanin Kula da Kayayyaki na Ruihai International da ke yankin Binhai New na Tianjin, China. Fashewar ta yi rikodin girman kusan 2.9 a sikelin Girman Girgizar Ƙasa (wanda aka fi sani da ML), wanda ya yi daidai da tan 21 na TNT. A cewar kididdiga, wannan fashewar ta yi sanadiyyar lalacewar akalla motoci 10.000 kusa da wurin da girgizar ta faru, kuma har zuwa ƙarfe 3 na yamma a ranar 25 ga Agusta, 2015. ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane 135, waɗanda aka gano dukkansu. Yayin da ma'aikatan da abin ya shafa suka gudanar da bincike sosai a wurin da hatsarin ya faru, an gano cewa akwai tan 700 na Sodium Cyanide (NaCN) a tsakiyar yankin fashewar, wanda ya ninka adadin da doka ta ba da izini ga irin waɗannan sinadarai masu haɗari! Bayyanar wannan adadi mai yawa na wannan sinadarai mai haɗari nan da nan ya haifar da damuwa tsakanin ɓangarori daban-daban. Menene Sodium Cyanide ? Menene amfani da sodium cyanide ? Ta yaya ma'aikatan da abin ya shafa ya kamata su magance gurɓataccen da fashewar sodium cyanide ta haifar ? Duk waɗannan tambayoyi ne masu matuƙar muhimmanci ga jama'a.

Menene sodium cyanide?

An san cewa Cyanide yana ɗaya daga cikin sinadarai mafi guba, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi da yawa na beraye suna ɗauke da cyanide . Na dogon lokaci, jama'a suna ɗaukar Cyanide a matsayin "sarkin guba," wanda ke iya haifar da mutuwa idan aka sha. Mutumin da aka fallasa shi ga yawan cyanide zai iya rasa sani kuma ya fuskanci bugun zuciya cikin mintuna 2-3, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa cikin sauri. Cyanide sun shahara saboda tasirinsu mai sauri da kuma kisa. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, shugaban rundunar sojojin Jamus Erwin Rommel, wanda aka fi sani da "Desert Fox" da "Eagle of the Empire," ya sha cyanide (potassium cyanide) don ya kashe kansa.

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani nau'i ne na cyanide, yana bayyana a matsayin farin granules crystalline ko foda tare da kamshin almond mai ɗaci. Kamar duk cyanides, sodium cyanide yana da guba sosai; cudanya da raunukan fata, shakar numfashi, ko sha koda kadan ne (5% na teaspoon) na iya haifar da gubar cyanide mai kisa. Sodium cyanide na iya rubewa a gaban ruwa a karkashin yanayin iska, yana samar da iskar gas mai guba irin su hydrogen cyanide (HCN) da carbon monoxide. Yana iya narkar da karafa masu daraja kamar zinari da azurfa a gaban iskar oxygen, suna samar da rukunin sinadarai masu guba. Bugu da ƙari, sodium cyanide na iya mayar da martani da ƙarfi tare da nitrates da nitrites, yiwuwar haifar da fashewa. Duk da tsananin dafinsa, keɓaɓɓen kaddarorin sodium cyanide sun sa ya zama maƙasudin asali na sinadarai a fagage daban-daban, gami da injina, lantarki, ƙarfe, da magunguna.

Menene amfanin sodium cyanide?

A cewar masu kera wannan sinadari na sodium cyanide, ton 700 da aka samu a tsakiyar yankin fashewar duk an yi nufin fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje. Duk da haka, wanda ba zai iya taimakawa ba sai mamaki: sodium cyanide yana da haɗari sosai, don haka me yasa akwai irin wannan buƙatun? Menene sodium cyanide ake amfani dashi? A gaskiya ma, ana amfani da sodium cyanide sosai a cikin samar da masana'antu na duniya, tare da aikace-aikacen farko a cikin hakar gwal. Idan ana maganar hakar gwal, har yanzu mutane na iya danganta shi da gwal na karni na 19 a lokacin juyin juya halin masana'antu, amma hakar gwal na zamani ya canza sosai daga baya.

Wasu na iya ɗauka a zahiri cewa ma'adinan zinariya dole ne a cika da zinari, amma gaskiyar ta bambanta: a matsakaici, akwai kusan gram 4 na zinariya a cikin tan na zinariya. Da kyar akwai ma'adinin zinari a duniya inda za'a iya hako gwal zalla kai tsaye; Abin da aka haƙa ƙurar zinariya ce kawai da ke cikin dutsen. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci don tsaftace shi. Ƙarfafa buƙatun kasuwa da riba mai ban sha'awa, ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai ba za su iya yin watsi da duwatsun da ke da abun ciki na zinari ba kamar 0.005%. Don cimma mafi girman ƙimar farfadowa (ciro ƙarin zinariya) daga waɗannan ma'adanai, fasahar tacewa ta zamani tana taka muhimmiyar rawa, wanda ke ba da sarari mai mahimmanci don amfani da sodium cyanide.

Yawanci, aikin tace zinare ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu: hakar ma'adinai, tufatar tama, narkewa, da tacewa. Sirrin fitar da zinari ya ta'allaka ne a cikin matakai na narkewa da tacewa. Bayan hakar ma'adinai da tama, ana niƙa ma'adinin gwal a cikin slurry, kuma ana ƙara wani adadin reagents na sinadarai a cikin slurry. Abubuwan da ke sarrafa sinadarai daga nan sai su mayar da martani da sauri tare da slurry, yana haifar da ions na zinari don haɗawa saman kumfa a cikin slurry, wanda ya haifar da abin da ake kira "laka na zinariya." Bayan haka, ana ƙara ƙayyadaddun kaso na maganin sodium cyanide a cikin laka na gwal, kuma bayan narkewar zafin jiki mai zafi, zinarin ya rabu da sihiri da sauran ƙazanta, ya zama narkakken zinariya. Ana barin narkakkar gwal ɗin ya yi sanyi a zahiri, kuma ana iya jefa shi cikin tubalin zinari, sanduna, ko ingots, yana kammala aikin tace zinare gaba ɗaya. Don haka, a bayyane yake cewa sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sarƙaƙƙiya da sarƙaƙƙiyar hanyoyin gyaran gwal, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masana'antar sinadarai ke amfani da wannan sinadari mai haɗari sosai.

Bayanin hoto: Bakar hayaki mai kauri da ke fitowa a lokacin da kamfanin Tianjin Ruihai Logistics Company ya yi mummunar fashewar sinadarai a ranar 12 ga Agusta ya lullube sararin samaniya.

Yadda za a amsa da kuma kula da gurɓataccen sodium cyanide?

A halin yanzu, ma'aikatan da suka dace sun yi maganin daruruwan ton na sodium cyanide a wurin da hatsarin ya faru: sun tayar da sassan da aka fallasa kuma sun fesa hydrogen peroxide don kawar da shi; ga manyan wuraren zubar da jini, sun gina katanga mai tsayi sama da mita daya tare da kasa ko yashi don dauke shi; An dawo da ganga marasa inganci da sauri ga kamfanoni daban-daban don kulawa da kyau.

An yi ta rade-radin cewa iskar gas din da fashewar sinadarin sodium cyanide mai yawan gaske ya haifar a wurin da hatsarin ya afku zai zama mai guba sosai idan aka hadu da ruwa, lamarin da ke haifar da firgici a tsakanin 'yan kasar da aka bukaci da su guji kamuwa da ruwan sama. Gaskiya ne cewa sodium cyanide zai iya samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba sosai lokacin da ta ci karo da acid, amma wannan gas yana da haske sosai kuma zai yi sauri a cikin iska. Don haka, ko da ruwan sama, ba a bukatar firgita mai yawa, domin yawan sinadarin hydrogen cyanide a cikin ruwan sama ya riga ya ragu sosai ta hanyar dilution a cikin iska, wanda hakan zai sa ba zai iya cutar da jikin dan adam ba. Babban injiniya na hukumar kare muhalli ta birnin Tianjin na kasar Sin, ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, duk bayanan da aka sa ido kan iska, da ruwa, da kuma kasa a yankunan da ke kewaye da hadarin, a halin yanzu sun cika ka'idoji, kuma dukkanin bayanai na da inganci kuma abin dogaro ne. Ya kuma bukaci ‘yan kasar da su koma bakin aikinsu da rayuwarsu cikin gaggawa. Ma’aikatan da suka dace sun ba da shawarar cewa, a matsayin taka tsantsan, mazauna yankin su guji sha daga gurɓatattun hanyoyin ruwa kuma su nisanci yankin da ake amfani da su na sodium cyanide biotreatment har sai iskar gas mai guba ta narke sosai a cikin iska don isa matakin aminci kafin shiga.