ʻO ka Sodium Cyanide: He mea pono ʻole mai ka ʻenehana Synthesis a hiki i nā mea kemika maikaʻi

Introduction

Sodium cyanide, me ke ano kemika NaCN, he pauda keokeo keokeo. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a he ʻala ʻalemona ʻawaʻawa. Ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai kumu kemika, ʻO Sodium cyanide pāʻani i kahi hana hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole, ʻoi loa i ka synthesis ʻoihana a Kemika maikaʻi.

Nā Pono Kino a me nā Kino

ʻO ka sodium cyanide kahi ʻōnaehana kristal cubic. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hydrolyzes e hana i ka hydrogen cyanide, me kāna ʻano wai wai e hōʻike ana i ka alkalinity ikaika. He 563.7 °C kona wahi hehee, a he 1496 °C kona lae hoolapalapa. He 1.595 g/cm³ kona mānoanoa. ʻO ka sodium cyanide he mea ʻawaʻawa loa, a ʻo kahi liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana ma o nā ʻeha ʻili, inhalation, a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana hiki ke alakaʻi i ka make. ʻO kēia ʻona nui ma muli o ka cyanide ion (CN⁻) i loko, hiki ke hui pū me nā ion ferric i loko o nā keʻena koko, e hoʻopau ai i nā keʻena koko i kā lākou hana lawe oxygen, a ma hope e alakaʻi i ka make wikiwiki o ke kino ma muli o ka hypoxia.

Nā Hana Hana Hana Hana

1. Kaʻina Andrussow: Ke hoʻohana nei kēia ʻano i ke kinoea maoli, ka amonia, a me ka ea ma ke ʻano he mea maka, me ka platinum-rhodium alloy e like me ka catalyst. Loaʻa ka hopena ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻopili ke kinoea kūlohelohe (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka methane) me ka amonia a me ka oxygen i mua o kahi catalyst e hana i ka hydrogen cyanide, a laila hana ka hydrogen cyanide me ka solution sodium hydroxide e loaʻa ai. ʻO ka sodium Cyanide. Hiki ke hōʻike wale ʻia ka hopena holoʻokoʻa penei: CH₄ + NH₃ + 1.5O₂ → HCN + 3H₂O, HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H₂O. He kiʻekiʻe ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hana a kūpono no ka hana ʻoihana nui. Eia nō naʻe, pono ia i nā kūlana hopena kiʻekiʻe a me ka mana koʻikoʻi o nā lakio maka a me nā ʻāpana hoʻohālikelike.

2. ʻO ke ʻano Pyrolysis Aila Māmā: Hoʻohuehu ʻia ka ammonia wai a laila hui pū ʻia me ka ʻaila māmā i loko o kahi hui hui a hoʻomehana ʻia. Komo ke kinoea i hoʻomoʻa mua ʻia i loko o ka umu pohā, kahi e hana ʻia ai ka hopena ma kahi wela kiʻekiʻe (ma kahi o 1450 °C). Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Petroleum coke ma ke ʻano he mea lawe, a hoʻohana ʻia ka nitrogen ma ke ʻano he kinoea pale e pale ai i ka oxidation. Aia i loko o ke kinoea pohā ka hydrogen cyanide. Ma hope o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka lawe ʻana i ka amonia, ka lawe ʻana i ka wai, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, a me ka condensation, loaʻa ka hydrogen cyanide, a laila hana ia me ka sodium hydroxide solution e loaʻa ai ka wai. ka sodium cyanide. Hiki ke hoʻopili hou ʻia ka sodium cyanide wai a crystallized no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka sodium cyanide paʻa. ʻOiai ʻo kēia kaʻina hana he ʻenehana oʻo, loaʻa iā ia nā pilikia e like me ka desulfurization paʻakikī a me ka wehe ʻana i ka haumia o ka hydrogen cyanide, kiʻekiʻe huahana ikehu hoʻohana, paʻakikī nui i ka mālama ʻana i "ʻekolu ʻōpala", a me nā kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.

3. Acrylonitrile By - Product Method: I ke kaʻina hana o ka acrylonitrile ma o ka ammoxidation o propylene, hydrogen cyanide kinoea hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana (e like ka nui me 4% - 10% o ka hana acrylonitrile). ʻO ke kinoea mai ka reactor ka nui o ka amonia. Ma hope o ka wehe 'ana i ka ammonia me ka sulfuric acid dilute, komo ke kinoea hopena i ka hale hooluolu o ka wai absorption e komo i ka acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, a me acrolein, etc. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hydrogen cyanide ma ka huahana e kahi solution alkali e hana ai i ka sodium cyanide. ʻO nā huahana i loaʻa ma kēia ʻano he liʻiliʻi nā haumia a me kahi ʻano sulfur haʻahaʻa. Eia naʻe, ua kaupalena ʻia e ka mana hana acrylonitrile. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokokoke ka hana acrylonitrile ma Kina i ka saturation, a paʻakikī ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o kāna huahana.

Nā mea hoʻohana i ka Fine Chemical

1. Ahalohalani: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka synthesis o nā intermediates pharmaceutical. No ka laʻana, i ka synthesis o kekahi mau lāʻau maʻamau e like me penicillin, ibuprofen, vitamin B6. folic acid, guanine, acyclovir, barbiturates, norfloxacin, caffeine, a me berberine, ʻo ka sodium cyanide kahi mea waiwai nui. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā hopena koʻikoʻi i ke ala synthesis, e kōkua ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka molecular structure o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a ke pāʻani nei i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana synthesis āpau.

2. ʻOihana Pesticide: He mea waiwai nui no ka hana ana i na pesticides. ʻO nā pesticides maʻamau e like me ka glyphosate, paraquat, cyanazine, phenthoate, a me isoprothiolane pono nā mea a pau e hoʻohana i ka sodium cyanide i kā lākou hana hana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka sodium cyanide i ka synthesis o nā mea hana pesticide, e hāʻawi ana i nā pesticides me nā ʻano kemika kūikawā a me nā waiwai pesticidal, he mea nui ia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hana mahiʻai a me ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pests mahiʻai.

3. ʻOihana Wailu a me Pigment: I loko o ka ʻoihana dye, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hana i nā mea koʻikoʻi e like me ka cyanuric chloride. He mea koʻikoʻi ka cyanuric chloride no nā mea hoʻonaninani reactive a he mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomālamalama optical. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i ka synthesis o nā dyes, hāʻawi i nā mea pena me nā waiwai kala maikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki o ka waihoʻoluʻu, a me ka paipai ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana dye.

4. Hoʻohuihui ʻia o nā Hui Organic Kūikawā: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium cyanide e synthesize i nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me ka cyanobenzyl a me kāna mau huahana derivative series, iminodiacetonitrile, iminodiacetic acid (ester), chelating agent series huahana (EDTA, DTPA, NTA) a me kā lākou mau mea paʻakai metala, glycine, hydroxyacetonitrile ʻO kēia mau (acid acid), etc. ka lapaʻau ʻana, a me ka synthesis organik. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea chelating e hoʻopaʻa i nā ion metala, e pāʻani ana i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai a me nā kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale ion metala.

Nā Manaʻo palekana a me ke Kaiapuni

Ma muli o kona ʻona nui, pono e mālama ʻia nā hana palekana i ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide. I ke kaʻina hana, pono nā mea hana e ʻaʻahu i nā lako pale pilikino kūpono, e komo pū me nā lole paʻa, nā respirator, a me nā mīkina lima pale, e pale aku i ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka sodium cyanide. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā hale hana me nā ʻōnaehana ventila a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopau e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka ea wahi hana i nā kūlana palekana. I ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka sodium cyanide e like me nā lula pili, maʻamau i loko o nā pahu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a lawe ʻia e nā kaʻa lawe kemika kūikawā. Pono e hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia nā ala kaʻa e pale aku ai i nā wahi ākea a me nā kumu wai. I ka waiho ʻana, pono e mālama ʻia i loko o kahi hale kūʻai i hoʻolaʻa ʻia me ka ea maikaʻi, ma kahi mamao mai nā kumu wela, nā kumu hoʻāla, a me nā mea like ʻole e like me nā waikawa a me nā oxidants. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka hale kūʻai me nā mea leak - hōʻoia a me ka anti - ʻaihue, a hoʻokō i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻokele "pālua - laka".

Ma ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni, pono e mālama pono ʻia nā "ʻekolu ʻōpala" i hana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka sodium cyanide. Pono e mālama ʻia ka wai ʻōpala i loko o ka cyanide e ka hoʻokahe kemika a i ʻole nā ​​ala kūpono e hoʻoheheʻe ai i nā ion cyanide i mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana. Pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke kinoea ʻōpala i loaʻa ka hydrogen cyanide ma o ka absorption a i ʻole ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke ahi e hōʻemi i kona hopena i ka lewa. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a mālama ʻia paha e nā ʻōpala paʻa i loko o ka cyanide e pale i ka haumia o ka lepo a me ka wai lepo.

Panina

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, ʻoiai kona ʻona kiʻekiʻe, he mea pono i ka ʻoihana hou. Mai ka hana ʻenehana a hiki i nā kemika maikaʻi, ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā haʻawina koʻikoʻi ma nā ʻano hana like ʻole. Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ke ʻimi ʻia nei nā ʻano hana hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kaiapuni o ka sodium cyanide; ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ke kaʻina noi, ke hana ʻia nei nā hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka sodium cyanide a hōʻemi i kona hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau ka sodium cyanide i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaupaona ʻana i ka palekana, ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, a me nā pono hana.