He aha nā ʻano lapaʻau maikaʻi no ka make cyanide?

He mea ʻawahia loa ka sodium cyanide e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ke olakino ke hoʻopili ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke komo i ke kino ma o nā ʻano ala like ʻole, me ka hanu ʻana, ka pili ʻana i ka ʻili, a i ʻole ka ʻai ʻana. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau make cyanide a me nā lāʻau kūpono no ka hoʻokele pono a me ka hoʻōla ʻana. Manaʻo kēia ʻatikala e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike kikoʻī o ka lāʻau make Sodium cyanide , kona mau hōʻailona, ​​a me nā koho lapaʻau i ʻōlelo ʻia.

He aha ʻO ka sodium Cyanide?

He paʻakai keʻokeʻo ka sodium cyanide, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana e like me ke eli gula a me ka electroplating. Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi ia i kekahi mau kaʻina hana kemika. Ma muli o kona ʻawahia, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka sodium cyanide he mea weliweli a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ke alakaʻi i nā hopena koʻikoʻi i ke olakino, me ka make.

Mechanism ʻona

Hana ʻo Cyanide ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka hiki o ke kino ke hoʻohana i ka oxygen. Hoʻopili ia i ka cytochrome c oxidase, he enzyme pono i loko o ke kaulahao lawe electron mitochondrial, e pale ana i nā cell mai ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka oxygen. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hypoxia cellular, a inā ʻaʻole mālama koke ʻia, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hiki ʻole o ke kino a me ka make.

Nā Hiʻona o ʻO Sodium cyanide ka lāʻau make

Hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka make ʻana o ka sodium cyanide a me:

• ʻEha ka hanu: paʻakikī i ka hanu ʻana, hanu pāpaʻu, a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o ka hanu ʻana.

• Nā hōʻailona neurological: ʻEha poʻo, poniuniu, huikau, hopu ʻana, a nalowale paha ka ʻike.

• Nā hopena o ka puʻuwai: Ka wikiwiki o ka puʻuwai, ke koko haʻahaʻa, a i ʻole ka hopu ʻana o ka puʻuwai.

• Nā hōʻailona Gastrointestinal: nausea, luaʻi, a ʻeha paha ka ʻōpū.

• KA HUʻIHUʻI ʻILI A ME NĀ MAKA: ʻUlaʻula, ʻano wela a i ʻole nā ​​​​wela kemika i ka wā e hoʻopā ai.

Pane koke i ka make ʻana o ka Cyanide

Inā manaʻo ʻia ka make ʻana o ka sodium cyanide, pono e hana koke ʻia. Eia nā ʻanuʻu e hahai ai:

1. E wehe i nā mea maʻi mai ke kumu o ka pilikia: E hoʻoneʻe koke i nā mea maʻi mai kahi i haumia ʻia e pale aku i ka pilikia hou aku.

2. KA HOʻOMAʻEMAʻE ʻANA: Inā ua pili ka mea maʻi me ka sodium cyanide ma o ka ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​maka, e wehe i nā lole haumia a pau a holoi i ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ka nui o ka wai a i ʻole ka saline no 5 mau minuke ma ka liʻiliʻi. E hōʻoia e pale i kou mau maka i kēia kaʻina hana.

3. Holoi ʻōpū: Inā ʻai ʻia ka sodium cyanide, pono e hana ʻia ka holoi ʻōpū me kahi hopena oxidant (e like me 5% sodium thiosulfate a i ʻole 0.02% potassium permanganate). Pono e hana ʻia ka holoi ʻōpū i ka hikiwawe loa e hōʻemi i ka omo ʻana.

4. Mālama Kākoʻo: Inā pāpaʻu a pau paha ka hanu ʻana o ka mea maʻi, e hāʻawi koke aku i nā mea hoʻoulu hanu a i ʻole ka hanu hana.

ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau no ka make ʻana o ka cyanide

Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea maʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā e pale aku i nā hopena o ka cyanide:

1. ʻAmyl nitrite: E kuʻi i kahi capsule amyl nitrite i loko o kahi hainaka a e hanu ka mea maʻi i ka mahu. He lāʻau pale wikiwiki kēia e hoʻololi i ka hemoglobin i methemoglobin, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka cyanide a hoʻemi i kona ʻawahia.

2. ʻO ka sodium nitrite: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium nitrite i loko o ka hopena glucose, ʻo ka nui he 6-12 mg/kg, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o ka intravenous. Pono e lohi ka hoʻokomo ʻana, ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 10 mau minuke. E nānā pono i ke koko o ka mea maʻi, no ka mea, hiki i ka sodium nitrite ke hoʻoulu i ka hypotension. Inā hāʻule nui ke koko, pono e hoʻōki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

3. Sodium Thiosulfate: Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka Sodium nitrite , ua hoʻokomo ʻia he 50% sodium thiosulfate ma ka wikiwiki like. Hana kēia hui ma ke ʻano he mea hāʻawi sulfur, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka cyanide i thiocyanate, kahi mea ʻawahia ʻole a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma o nā puʻupaʻa. Inā pono, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka hapalua a i ʻole ka mahele piha i hoʻokahi hola ma hope.

4. Nānā: No nā poʻe maʻi i ʻawahia iki ʻia, ʻo ka sodium thiosulfate wale nō paha ka lawa. Ma hope o ka mālama mua ʻana, pono e nānā ʻia ka mea maʻi no 2 a 3 mau lā e hōʻoia i ʻole e hoʻi hou mai nā hōʻailona.

Palapala Hōʻike Nui

• Ka Pōʻino o ka Lawe ʻAna i ka Lapaʻau Nui: Hiki i ka sodium nitrite a me ka sodium thiosulfate ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻawahia inā lawe ʻia i nā nui nui. He mea nui ka mālama pono ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka nānā ʻana e pale aku i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.

• Ka nānā ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi: Ma hope o ka kaohi ʻana i ka wā ʻawaʻawa, pono e nānā ʻia ka mea maʻi no nā hōʻailona i lohi a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia. Hoʻokomo pū kēia i ka nānā ʻana no nā hemahema neurological a i ʻole nā ​​​​pilikia hanu.

• Ka Hoʻomākaukau no nā Pōpilikia: Pono nā keʻena mālama ola e loaʻa nā kaʻina hana e hoʻoponopono ai i ka lāʻau make cyanide, me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā antidotes a me nā limahana i aʻo ʻia e pane i ia mau pilikia.

i ka hopena

ʻO ka make ʻana o ka sodium cyanide he lāʻau ulia pōpilikia e pono ai ka ʻike koke a me ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona a me nā pane kūpono hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i nā hopena lapaʻau no ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ma ka hahai ʻana i nā protocol lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka decontamination kūpono, hiki i nā mea mālama ola ke hoʻokele pono i ka lāʻau cyanide a hoʻēmi i kona hopena hiki ke make. E hoʻomanaʻo mau i nā hihia i manaʻo ʻia he lāʻau ʻawaʻawa, he mea koʻikoʻi ka mālama olakino koke.