Ọrụ dị mkpa nke sodium Hydroxide na ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical

Na nnukwu na mgbagwoju anya n'ógbè nke ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), nke a na-akpọkarị caustic soda ma ọ bụ lye, na-arụ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ na nke dị mkpa. Ngwakọta alkaline a siri ike, dị n'ụdị siri ike (dị ka flake ma ọ bụ granular) na ụdị mmiri mmiri, bụ ihe egwuregwu dị mkpa n'ime usoro ọla dị iche iche, site na mmịpụta ọla site na ores ha ruo n'ikpeazụ nke ngwaahịa ọla.

1. Nhazi na mmịpụta ọla

1.1 Ntughari gaa na nnu soluble

Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị bụ isi nke sodium hydroxide na metallurgy bụ ịtụgharị ihe ndị bara uru dị n'ime ore ka ọ bụrụ nnu na-agbaze agbaze. Nke a dị oke mkpa n'ihi na ọ na-eme ka e kewaa metal achọrọ na ihe ndị na-adịghị agbaze agbaze dị na ore ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mwepụta nke tungsten, usoro ahụ na-amalite site n'ịkpọ tungsten - ihe na-ebu ore, dị ka scheelite ma ọ bụ wolframite, na sodium hydroxide ma ọ bụ sodium ọkụ. carbonAte. Usoro a na-esi n'ọkụ na-agbanwe mineral tungsten ka ọ bụrụ sodium tungstate na-agbaze agbaze. Enwere ike ịhazi sodium tungstate na-agbaze agbaze ọzọ, kewapụ ya na ihe fọdụrụ na-agbaze agbaze, ma mechaa gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ tungsten dị ọcha site na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ ndị na-esote.

1.2 Usoro nkuzi

A na-ejikwa sodium hydroxide mee ihe n'ime usoro nsị. Maka ụfọdụ ọla ọla, iji ngwọta sodium hydroxide leaching nwere ike ịhọrọ agbaze ụkpụrụ igwe. Nke a dị mkpa karịsịa maka ọkwa dị ala ma ọ bụ dị mgbagwoju anya ebe ụzọ mgbaze ọdịnala nwere ike ọ gaghị adị ọnụ ahịa - dị irè. Na mmịpụta nke aluminom site na bauxite ore site na usoro Bayer, a na-eji sodium hydroxide mee ka alumina pụta. Bauxite nwere adịghị ọcha dị ka ígwè oxides, silica, na titanium dioxide. Mgbe a na-emeso bauxite na ngwọta sodium hydroxide na-ekpo ọkụ, alumina na-emeghachi omume iji mepụta sodium aluminate soluble, ebe ọtụtụ n'ime adịghị ọcha na-anọgide na-adịghị ike ma nwee ike kewapụ ya site na nzacha.

2. Nnụcha ígwè

2.1 Mwepụ nke adịghị ọcha

n'oge ígwè nnụcha, sodium hydroxide na-eje ozi dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ dị ike maka iwepụ ihe adịghị ọcha dị iche iche na ọla. Ọ nwere ike meghachi omume na oxides, sulfides, na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ọla dị n'elu ma ọ bụ n'ime matriks ígwè. Na nnụcha nke ọla kọpa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, sodium hydroxide nwere ike iji wepụ ọla kọpa oxide adịghị ọcha. Mgbe ejiri sodium hydroxide gwọọ ọla kọpa nwere adịghị ọcha oxide, mmeghachi omume redox na-apụta. ion hydroxide na-ebelata ọla kọpa oxide ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa, ma n'otu oge ahụ, na-etolite nnu sodium soluble na adịghị ọcha ndị ọzọ na-abụghị nke ọla, nke enwere ike iwepụ ngwa ngwa. Usoro a na-enyere aka melite ịdị ọcha na ịdị mma nke ọla kọpa, na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik ya na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe.

2.2 Nkwado Nnụcha Electrolytic

N'ime usoro nchacha nke electrolytic, sodium hydroxide nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n'ịkwado nkwụsi ike nke electrolyte na ikwado ntinye nke ọma nke metal dị ọcha na cathode. Maka ụfọdụ ọla, dị ka zinc, na alkaline electroplating baths, sodium hydroxide na-eji dị ka ihe mgbagwoju anya na nnu na-eduzi. Ọ na-ejikọta ya na ion zinc ka ọ na-etolite ion zincate, nke na-enyere aka mee ka ịsa ahụ na-edozi ahụ kwụsie ike ma na-eme ka nhazi nke bat ahụ dịkwuo mma. Nke a na-eduga na ntinye nke zinc na cathode, na-eme ka mkpuchi zinc dị mma.

3. Ngwọta elu

3.1 Mmebi na ihicha

N'elu igwe na-enwekarị mmetọ dị ka mmanụ, griiz na ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa ka ewepụ tupu nhazi ọzọ. Sodium hydroxide bụ ihe na-emebi emebi nke ọma. Ọ na-emeghachi omume na esters nke fatty acids dị na mmanụ na griiz site na usoro a na-akpọ saponification. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe stearic acid esters na mmanụ ihe oriri na-emeghachi omume na sodium hydroxide, ha na-emepụta mmiri - sodium stearate soluble, nke a na-akpọkarị ncha, na glycerol. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịsacha ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na mmiri, na-ahapụ elu igwe dị ọcha. Usoro nhicha a dị mkpa maka ọrụ ndị na-esote dị ka electroplating, eserese, ma ọ bụ ịgbado ọkụ, dị ka elu dị ọcha na-eme ka mma nke mkpuchi mkpuchi ma ọ bụ njikọ siri ike.

3.2 Nkwadebe na Etching na elu

A na-ejikwa sodium hydroxide na usoro etching metal. Maka aluminum na alloys ya, a na-eji sodium hydroxide eme ihe maka etching alkali, nke a na-emekarị tupu anodizing ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ. n'elu omume usoro. Ihe etching na sodium hydroxide na-emepụta ihe dị n'otu na nke dị ọcha na aluminum alloy, na-amụba ebe dị elu ma na-eme ka adhesion nke mkpuchi na-esote. Enwere ike ịchịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke etching site n'ịgbanwe nhazi nke sodium hydroxide, okpomọkụ, na oge ikpughe.

4. Desulfurization na ígwè na mmepụta ígwè ndị ọzọ

N'ime mmepụta ígwè na ụfọdụ ọla ndị ọzọ, sọlfọ bụ adịghị ọcha na-adịghị mma n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ime ka ọkpụkpụ dị na ígwè, na-ebelata ihe eji arụ ọrụ ya na weldability. Enwere ike iji sodium hydroxide mee ihe dị ka ihe na-emepụta ihe. N'ime usoro nchara, mgbe a na-agbakwunye sodium hydroxide na metal a wụrụ awụ, ọ na-emeghachi na sọlfọ iji mepụta sodium sulfide. Sodium sulfide emebere adịchaghị soluble n'ime igwe a wụrụ awụ ma nwee ike wepu ya site na arụrụ arụ. Nke a na-enyere aka melite ogo nchara na ọla ndị ọzọ site na ibelata ọdịnaya sọlfọ na ọkwa a na-anabata.

5. Ọrụ na Electrochemical Usoro

5.1 Electrolysis nke Aluminom

N'ime ụlọ ọrụ aluminom nke oge a, Ụlọ Nzukọ - Héroult, usoro bụ isi maka ịmepụta aluminum, na-adabere na usoro electrolyte. Ọ bụ ezie na isi electrolyte bụ ngwakọta nke cryolite na alumina, sodium hydroxide nwere ike ịdị na obere ego na ụfọdụ mgbanwe nke usoro ma ọ bụ na tupu ọgwụgwọ nkebi. Sodium hydroxide nwere ike imetụta conductivity eletrik na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ na-eme na electrodes. Ọ na-enyere aka ikwado ọsọ nke ugbu a site na electrolyte, nke dị oké mkpa maka ire ere nke alumina n'ime aluminum na oxygen na cathode na anode n'otu n'otu.

5.2 Mgbochi igwe eletrik ọzọ na mgbake

A na-ejikwa sodium hydroxide na ụfọdụ usoro electrochemical maka ntinye ígwè na mgbake. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na electrodeposition nke ụfọdụ ọla site na ngwọta ha, sodium hydroxide nwere ike iji dozie pH nke ngwọta electrolyte. Ndozi pH a nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmeghachi omume electrochemical, na-emetụta ihe ndị dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ntinye ígwè, àgwà nke akwa akwa akwa akwa akwa, na nhọrọ nke ntinye ígwè mgbe ọtụtụ ion ígwè dị na ngwọta.

N'ikpeazụ, sodium hydroxide bụ kemịkalụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ngwa ya dị iche iche na nhazi ore, Nnụcha metal, n'elu ọgwụgwọ, desulfurization, na electrochemical Filiks na-enye aka nke ukwuu na mmepụta nke elu-mma ọla na metal ngwaahịa. Ka ụlọ ọrụ igwe na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, ọrụ sodium hydroxide nwere ike ịnọgide na-adị mkpa, na nyocha na mmepe na-aga n'ihu na-elekwasị anya n'ịkwalite ojiji ya na ịchọgharị ngwa ọhụrụ iji melite arụmọrụ ma belata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi.