Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara usoro ọgwụgwọ nke Cyanide-ogbenye Liquid n'ime ọla edo

Okwu Mmalite

Na gold Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ, ọgwụgwọ nke cyanide- mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma dị oke mkpa. Mmiri Cyanide-ogbenye, dị ka ihe ngwọta mgbe mmịpụta ọla edo na usoro cyanidation, nwere ihe mmetọ dị iche iche, ọkachasị ogige cyanide, nke nwere ike ibute mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike ma ọ bụrụ na emeghị ya nke ọma. Ya mere, na-emepe emepe nke ọma na ọnụ ahịa Usoro ọgwụgwọ maka cyanide-ogbenye mmiri mmiri bụ ọrụ dị ngwa. Bọọgụ blọgụ a na-elekwasị anya na nyocha nnwale nke ụzọ ọgwụgwọ maka cyanide-ogbenye mmiri mmiri na ụfọdụ Nke m ọla edo, na-achọ ịnye nghọta bara uru na ntụaka maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Nchịkọta nke Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri Cyanide-ogbenye

N'ozuzu, usoro ọgwụgwọ maka mmiri mmiri cyanide-ogbenye nwere ike kewaa n'ụzọ abụọ: ụzọ nchacha na usoro mgbake (mmeghachite).

Ụzọ nke ịdị ọcha

1.Alkali-Chlorine Oxidation Method

• Nke a bụ usoro tozuru oke maka ibibi cyanides n'ime mmiri mkpofu ma na-eji ya eme ihe n'ebe a na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik, ihe ọkụkụ na-esi ísì, na osisi ndị na-agbaze ọla edo. N'okpuru ọnọdụ pH 11-12. Cyanides a na-agwakọta ion mgbagwoju anya ígwè dị na mmiri mkpofu nwere cyanide ka ọ ghọọ cyanates, emesịa a na-agbakwunye chlorine nke ugboro abụọ iji mee ka ha dị ọcha. carbon sọlfọ, nitrogen, wdg.

• uru: Usoro a dịtụ tozuru okè, na-enwe mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma na ngwa ngwa. Usoro ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ịdị mfe akpaghị aka.

• ọghọm: Enweghị ike ịmegharị Cyanides, ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ dị elu, ọ nweghịkwa ike iwepụ ogige ígwè-cyanide. Enwekwara nsogbu nke mmetọ nke abụọ.

2.Sulfur Dioxide - Usoro ikuku ikuku

• N'ime akpa a na-akpali akpali, a na-agbakwunye mmiri mmiri mkpofu, na ikuku na SO₂ (mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ gas, ma ọ bụ sulfite ngwọta, ma ọ bụ nke enwetara site na sọlfọ elemental na-ere ọkụ). A na-achịkwa pH na 7 - 10. na a na-eji lime mee ka acid na-emepụta n'oge mmeghachi omume oxidation. Mmeghachi omume chọrọ ọnụnọ nke ọla kọpa soluble (dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali).

• Usoro inco-SO₂/ikuku oxidation nwere ike imebi cyanide niile, gụnyere iron-cyanides, na iron-cyanides nwere ike ịmalite ma wepụ ya site na iji ụfọdụ reagents dị mma na ọnụ ala.

3.Hydrogen peroxide usoro

• Usoro a dabara adaba maka ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide dị ala. Hydrogen peroxide nwere ike oxidize cyanide na ọdụ ọdụ ka ọ bụrụ nke na-esighị ike na nke dị mfe hydrolyzed cyanic acid (HCNO), bụ nke a na-ewepụ site na oxidation na hydrolysis ọzọ.

4.Ozone Oxidation Method

• Ozone bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ oxidizing siri ike. Mgbe ejiri ya na-agwọ mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide, ọ zuru oke karịa usoro alkali-chlorine oxidation, na-enwe mmetụta dị mma nke iwepụ cyanide. Mgbe ozonation gasịrị, ikuku oxygen gbazere na mmiri mkpofu na-abawanye, nke enwere ike ịlaghachi na usoro cyanidation maka ịmegharị ihe, na-eme ka mgbaze nke ọla edo na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.

• uru: Ọrụ ahụ dị mfe ma dị mma, dị mfe ịchịkwa, na ogo nke mmepụta akpaaka dị elu. Enwere ike ịmepụta ozone na - saịtị, nke dị oke mkpa maka osisi cyanidation na njem na-adịghị mma mana ọkụ zuru oke. Ịdị ọcha dị elu dị elu, ọ dịghịkwa mmetọ nke abụọ na-emepụta.

• ọghọm: Ike oriri maka imepụta ozone buru ibu, na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta dị elu, nke na-egbochi ngwa ngwa ya.

5.Electrolytic Oxidation Method

• Tupu electrolysis, buru ụzọ dozie pH nke mmiri cyanide-ogbenye ka>7. tinye ntakịrị nnu, jiri graphite dị ka anode na titanium efere dị ka cathode, ma jiri ọla kọpa alkaline - zinc aqueous solution dị ka electrolyte. Mgbe a na-agafe mmiri ozugbo, a na-emepụta ọla kọpa na zinc na cathode, a na-emepụtakwa hydrogen. Na anode, CN⁻ oxidized n'ime CNO⁻, CO₂, N₂, na Cl⁻ oxidized n'ime Cl₂, na Cl₂ na-abanye na ngwọta iji mepụta HClO.

6.Microbial Oxidation Method

• Usoro a na-eji ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta cyanides, thiocyanates, na iron-cyanides, na-emepụta amonia, carbon dioxide, na sulfates, ma ọ bụ hydrolyzing cyanides n'ime formamide. N'otu oge ahụ, nje bacteria na-etinye ion metal dị arọ, na-eme ka ha daa na biofilm wee wepụ ha.

• Akụkụ dị mkpa: Okpomọkụ kwesịrị ka a na-edobe n'elu 10 ℃ mgbe niile iji nọgide na-enwe ezi uche na-ewepụ cyanide ọnụego.

Ụzọ mgbake (mmeghachite).

1.Acidification Usoro

• Ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke usoro a bụ ịgbakwunye sulfuric acid na mmiri mkpofu nke cyanide nwere, gbanwee pH na ihe dịka 1.5. ma gbanwee CN ka ọ bụrụ HCN. A na-ewebata gas HCN nke gbapụrụ agbapụ n'ime onye na-etinye ihe ma tinye ya na ngwọta alkaline (sodium hydroxide ma ọ bụ calcium hydroxide solution) iji nweta ngwọta cyanide 20% - 30%, nke enwere ike ịmegharị ya.

• uru: Usoro a nwere ike ịbawanye mgbake nke cyanides, meziwanye ọnụọgụ cyanide dị irè, ma belata ụgwọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.

• ọghọm: Ọnụ ego ntinye ego nke otu oge dị ukwuu, usoro nhazi ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya, ọ na-esikwa ike maka mmiri mmiri fọdụrụnụ nke nwere cyanide na-agwọta iji mezuo ụkpụrụ nkwụsị.

2.Ion Exchange Method

• Na ọgwụgwọ nke cyanide-ogbenye mmiri mmiri, ion mgbanwe resins nwere ike na-eme ka cyanides bara ọgaranya.

3.Adsorption Method

• Mgbasa ozi Carbon arụ ọrụ: Ntinye nke Carbon arụ ọrụ isi ihe na-adabere na ọtụtụ oghere dị n'ime ya na nnukwu oke elu ya. Usoro ntinye ahụ gụnyere ntinye anụ ahụ na ntinye kemịkalụ. Iwepụ cyanide nwere ụzọ atọ: oxidation, hydrolysis, na mwepụ. Isi usoro bụ mmeghachi omume mbibi oxidative nke cyanide na mmiri mkpofu nwere cyanide yana hydrogen peroxide n'elu carbon arụ ọrụ.

4.Solvent Extraction Method

• A na-eji ihe mgbaze eme ihe iji wepụ ihe ndị bara uru na cyanides sitere na mmiri mmiri cyanide-ogbenye.

5.Liquid Membrane Method

• Na ọgwụgwọ nke cyanide-ogbenye mmiri mmiri, mmanụ - n'ime - usoro mmiri na-ejikarị eme ihe. Ụkpụrụ bụ isi bụ: nke mbụ, acidify mmiri mkpofu nke nwere cyanide iji mee ka ion cyanide dị na ya ghọọ HCN. HCN na-agafe mmanụ - akpụkpọ ahụ mmiri mmiri n'ime mmiri dị n'ime wee meghachi omume na NaOH iji mepụta NaCN.

6.Electrodialysis Method

• Usoro a na-eji ọkụ eletrik na-eme ka ọpụpụ nke ion site na ion - mgbanwe membranes iji nweta nkewa na mgbake nke ihe.

Ọmụmụ ihe nnwale na mmiri mmiri Cyanide-ogbenye nke m ọla edo

Ihe ndabere nke nnwale ahụ

Mmiri cyanide-ogbenye nke ụfọdụ m ọla edo nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya cyanide zuru oke, na-eru 13000mg/L. Cyanide dị elu dị otú ahụ - nwere mmiri mkpofu na-etinye nnukwu ihe egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi ma chọọ ọgwụgwọ dị irè.

Imzọ nyocha

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Usoro mgbasa ozi

• Na usoro a, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) na chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) na-ebu ụzọ mee ihe dị ka oxidants iji oxidize cyanide na cyanide - mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma. Mgbe ahụ, a na-eme mgbasa ozi carbon (C) na-arụ ọrụ iji wepụkwuo mmetọ ndị fọdụrụ.

2.Three - Oxidation Stage (H₂O₂ + Catalyst "M") + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Atọ - Oxidation nke ogbo: A na-eji hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) na ihe na-akpali akpali "M" maka atọ-ogbo oxidation. Nke a bụ iji hụ na oxidation nke ọma nke ogige cyanide dị iche iche, gụnyere cyanide dị mgbagwoju anya.

• Chlorination ikuku: Mgbe atọ-ogbo oxidation, chlorination aeration a rụrụ. A na-ebuba chlorine n'ime mmiri mmiri mgbe ọ na-eku ume, nke nwere ike ime ka ọ ghara ịdị na-eme ka ihe ndị ọzọ cyanide na-emetụta ya na ụfọdụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetọ ikuku.

• C Adsorption: N'ikpeazụ, a na-eji mgbasa ozi carbon na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ka ihe ndị fọdụrụnụ dị mma - ihe ndị na-emetọ ọka na ihe ọ bụla nke cyanide - ihe ndị metụtara ya iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ime ka cyanide dị ọcha - mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma.

Nsonaazụ nnwale na ntụnyere

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Usoro mgbasa ozi

• Usoro a nwetara n'ókè ụfọdụ nke mwepụ cyanide, mana mkpokọta cyanide ikpeazụ n'ime mmiri mmiri a na-agwọ ka dị elu, na-emezughị ụkpụrụ mwepu nke mba siri ike.

2.Three - Oxidation Stage (H₂O₂ + Catalyst "M") + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Usoro a gosipụtara nsonaazụ na-eju afọ karịa. E wedara mkpokọta cyanide ikpeazụ ka ọ bụrụ 0.44mg/L, nke na-emezu ụkpụrụ mwepụ nke mba. Na mgbakwunye, ọdịnaya nke ọla ndị ọzọ dị arọ mezukwara ụkpụrụ ọkọlọtọ mba dị mkpa.

• Ọnụ - arụmọrụ: N'ihe banyere ọnụ ahịa, ọ bụ ezie na usoro atọ-ogbo oxidation na onye na-emepụta ihe na ihe mgbakwunye chlorination na-achọ ka arụ ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya na iji ụfọdụ ihe na-emepụta ihe na chlorine, n'ozuzu ya, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụfọdụ ụzọ ndị ọzọ siri ike ma ọ bụ dị elu - ọnụ ahịa, ọnụ ahịa ahụ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya. Ọ nwere ike ịgwọ cyanide dị elu - mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma mgbe ọ na-achịkwa ọnụ ahịa n'ime oke anabatara.

mmechi

Ngwọta nke cyanide - mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma na ọla edo bụ ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị oke mkpa. Site na nyocha nyocha na cyanide - mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma nke ụfọdụ ọla edo, enwere ike ịhụ na usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nwere uru na ọghọm nke ha. Usoro oxidation nke atọ (H₂O₂ + catalyst “M”) + chlorination aeration + C adsorption usoro na-egosi mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma na ọnụ ahịa - ịdị irè maka cyanide - mmiri mmiri na-adịghị mma nwere nnukwu ọdịnaya cyanide dị na mpụta ọla edo a. Agbanyeghị, nyocha na nkwalite na-aga n'ihu ka dị mkpa n'ọdịniihu iji zụlite ụzọ ọgwụgwọ dị mma, ọnụ ahịa na gburugburu ebe obibi iji mezuo ihe achọrọ maka nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe na-adigide na ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta ọla edo.