Ịmụta Ịmịpụta Ọlaedo Dị Omimi na nke Na-adịghị Mma na South Africa: Ngwọta Reagent Dị Elu
South Africa dị ka ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke igwu ọlaedo nke oge a na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Osimiri Witwatersrand—ebe obibi nke ọrụ dị n'okpuru ala kachasị omimi n'ụwa dịka Harmony Gold Mponeng Mineng, Ọlaedo' Ebe a na-egwupụta ihe dị na South Deep, na Sibanye-Stillwater's Ọrụ Driefontein—nakwa ihe nkwụnye pyritic nke na-anaghị agbanwe agbanwe nke ukwuu Barberton Greenstone Belt (Ebe a na-egwupụta ọla edo na Fairview na Sheba nke Pan African Resources). Agbanyeghị, iwepụta ọlaedo site na mmiri ndị dị omimi na matrices mineral dị mgbagwoju anya na-eweta ihe ịma aka ọla a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ nye ndị na-ahụ maka osisi na ndị isi na-ahụ maka ọla.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ọla nke South Africa nke oge a, ihe mgbochi atọ dị oke mkpa na-eyi arụmọrụ ọrụ egwu mgbe niile. Nke mbụ, Matrices nke nwere oke mmiri na-adịghị agbaze agbaze na nke na-adịghị mma: A na-enweta ores sitere na Deep Carbon Leader na Ventersdorp Contact Reefs (VCR) ma ọ bụ Barberton quartz-carbonA na-etinye akwara ndị a n'ime pyrite na arsenopyrite matrices nke ọma. cyanide na oxygen, na-ebelata oke mbelata nke na-eme ka ihe ndị na-anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma ma na-ebelata mgbake ọlaedo zuru oke. Nke abụọ, Mbelata Kabọn Dị Oke na Izu Ohi Tupu Oge: Osisi Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) na Carbon-in-Leach (CIL) nwere ikike dị elu na-eji nnukwu ihe na-akpali usoro ịkpụ akpụ. Carbon arụ ọrụ Ọ na-agbawa ngwa ngwa ghọọ ájá dị nro n'okpuru ike nkụcha siri ike a, na-ebu ọlaedo dị oké ọnụ ahịa a gwakọtara agwakọta ozugbo na Tailings Storage Facilities (TSF). Ọzọkwa, oyi akwa shale carbonaceous eke dị n'ime ọla ahụ na-agbaze ọlaedo site na mmiri. Nke atọ, Nlekọta Gburugburu Ebe Obibi siri ike (DWS & NEMA): Ngalaba Mmiri na Ịdị Ọcha nke South Africa (DWS) na Iwu Njikwa Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba (NEMA) na-eme ka a na-enyocha oke cyanide na mwepụ ígwè dị arọ n'ọdọ mmiri ndị na-agbapụta mmiri iji gbochie mmiri Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) na mmetọ mmiri dị n'ime ala.
United Chemical na-enye usoro kemịkalụ zuru oke, nke a nwapụtara nke ọma maka osisi ọlaedo dị omimi na nke na-anaghị amị amị na South Africa. Site na ijikọta ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị ọcha dị elu, ndị na-adịgide adịgide. Aki oyibo Shell Dịka anyị si kwuo, site na iji ihe ndị na-eme ka carbon dị ọcha, na ihe ndị na-anaghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, anyị na-enye ndị na-egwuputa ihe na South Africa ike ka ha nwetaghachi onwe ha nke ọma, wepụ mfu carbon, ma nọgide na-agbaso iwu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru oke.
Matrix Kemịkalụ ahaziri maka Ọrụ Ọlaedo South Africa
AuCyan™ Sodium Cyanide NaCN (≥98.3%)
Ores ndị dị n'okpuru ala dị omimi sitere na Witwatersrand na ores Barberton nke bara ọgaranya na sulfide chọrọ ihe dị ọcha nke ukwuu iji merie sulfide ígwè ndị dị n'okpuru ma nweta ike ngwa ngwa nke ọla edo.
Ịdị Ọcha Na-adịghị Ekwe Omume (≥98.3% NaCN):AuCyan™ na-enye oke nnweta cyanide ion n'efu. Oke mkpokọta kemịkalụ a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-emeri akwa sulfide passivation na pyritic ores, na-eme ka ọnụego leaching dịkwuo elu ma na tankị leach ikuku ma na sistemụ exlution dị elu.
Nrubeisi zuru oke nke SANS 10228 / SANS 10231 Hazmat: A na-ebuga AuCyan™ ozugbo site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Durban, a na-etinye ya n'ime drum ígwè dị arọ nke UN kwadoro, nke nwere ihe mkpuchi dị n'ime siri ike, na-emezu ụkpụrụ mba South Africa niile maka njikwa ngwaahịa dị ize ndụ na ibuga ya n'ime ala gaa na Gauteng na ebe ogbunigwe Free State.
AuCarb™ Gold Recovery Shell AuCarb™ Activated Carbon (≥99% Ike)
Ụlọ ọrụ CIP dị na South Africa dị oke elu dịka South Deep chọrọ kabọn arụ ọrụ nke nwere ike iguzogide mmetụta igwe na-aga n'ihu ma na-ejide ọlaedo n'ike site na slurries dị mgbagwoju anya.
Oke Nguzogide Abrasion (≥99% Ike): Emepụtara ya site na shei aki oyibo Indonesia dị elu site na iji uzuoku pụrụ iche, AuCarb™ nwere ike igwe na-enweghị atụ. Ọ na-egbochi mmepụta obere carbon na-adịghị mma n'ime ihe ndị na-akpali oke ibu, na-echekwa ounce ọlaedo ka ọ ghara ịla n'iyi ruo n'ọdụ.
Mgbasa ngwa ngwa na mgbochi zuru oke maka izu ohi: E ji oke micropore na mesopore nke ọma mepụta AuCarb™, nke na-egosipụta ngwa ngwa nke gold-cyanide complex adsorption kinetics [Au(CN)₂⁻], na-emeri ihe ndị sitere n'okike nke carbonaceous shale dị na South Africa reefs.
AuLeach™ Gold Leaching Auleach™ (GDA) - Anaghị akpata nsogbu
Ka Ngalaba Mmiri na Ịdị Ọcha nke South Africa na-eme ka oke mwepụta mmiri sie ike, AuLeach™ na-enye ụzọ ọzọ a ga-esi wepụ mmiri n'ime ala nke na-enweghị cyanide, nke dịkwa irè nke ukwuu maka ogbunigwe ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ESG na-amaghị.
Enweghị Cyanide na DWS/NEMA: A na-akpọ ya kemịkalụ na-anaghị emerụ ahụ, AuLeach™ na-eme ka njikwa Tailings Storage Facility (TSF) dị mfe nke ukwuu. Ọ na-ezere nchịkọta kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nhicha nke ukwuu ma na-eme ka mmeghari ikike mmiri dị mfe.
Nhazi Osisi Na-enweghị Ntụpọ na Njem Ngwa Ngwa: AuLeach™ bụ ihe nnọchi ozugbo maka NaCN. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na tankị CIL/CIP na sekit mgbapụta dị adị na-enweghị nkwalite isi obodo. Ọzọkwa, dị ka ibu na-adịghị ize ndụ, ọ na-agafe mmachi njem hazmat site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Durban.
Ngwa Ngwa Ngwa Na-enweghị Nsogbu: Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Durban ruo South Africa Goldfields
Ọkụ na-enweghị nkwụsị bụ isi iyi nke nnukwu ogbunigwe dị n'okpuru ala na South Africa. United Chemical eguzobela usoro ọkọnọ ígwè nke e mere maka ebe a na-egwupụta ihe n'ime obodo na South Africa.
Ndozigharị Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Durban na Mwepụ Ọsọ Ngwa Ngwa: Anyị na-ejigide ụzọ mbupu akpa na-ebuga n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Durban, nke akwụkwọ omenala dị mfe maka ma NaCN dị ize ndụ nke klas 6.1 na carbon na GDA reagents n'ozuzu.
Ngwa Njem Ụgbọ Mmiri Kpọmkwem gaa na ebe ọrụ Shaft: Site na Durban, ndị mmekọ anyị nwere ikike maka njem ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ejikwa ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọsọ ọsọ gaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị a na-egwupụta ihe na City Deep (Johannesburg), Welkom (Free State), Klerksdorp (North West), na Barberton (Mpumalanga).
Nwalee ihe ndị na-ere ahịa anyị na South Africa gị
Mee ka ọkwa mgbake nke osisi gị dịkwuo elu ma belata oriri nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. A na-akpọ ndị njikwa osisi, ndị injinia ígwè, na ndị nlekọta ụlọ nyocha gburugburu South Africa ka ha rịọ maka ihe nlele AuCyan™, AuCarb™, ma ọ bụ AuLeach™ n'efu maka nnwale karama-mpịakọta na nnabata.
Rịọ maka ihe nlele ụlọ nyocha n'efu ugbu a
Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị: Nhazi Ọlaedo na South Africa
1. Kedu ka AuCyan™ si eme ka mwepụta ọlaedo site na ihe ndị dị na pyritic dị na Barberton Greenstone Belt ka mma?
Ores dị na Barberton (dịka na Fairview na Sheba) nwere nnukwu pyritic na arsenopyritic. Cyanide dị obere na-agba mbọ ịgbaji site na mkpuchi sulfide matrix. AuCyan™ (≥98.3% ịdị ọcha) na-eme ka a hụ na ion CN⁻ dị elu, na-ejigide ike mkpali nke oxidation-dissolution siri ike ma na-eme ka mgbake kinetic dịkwuo elu na sekit nrụgide nrụgide (POX) ma ọ bụ CIL.
2. Gịnị mere ike carbon ji dị oke mkpa maka nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ CIP na Free State nke South Africa?
Ụlọ ọrụ Free State CIL/CIP na-eji ọtụtụ puku tọn ọla kwa ụbọchị site na iji ihe na-akpali akpali dị elu. Carbon a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-enwe nnukwu mkpụkọ ígwè, na-agbanwe ghọọ uzuzu carbon nke na-esi na ihe nchekwa gbapụ gaa n'ọdọ mmiri ndị na-adọkpụ. Kabọn AuCarb™ arụ ọrụ na-enye ike siri ike nke ≥99%, na-egbochi mmebi carbon na ịchekwa ihe ndị sitere na ọlaedo.
3. Kedu ka AuLeach™ si enyere aka na ogbunigwe ndị dị na South Africa site na ịgbaso iwu nke Ngalaba Mmiri na Ịdị ọcha (DWS)?
DWS nke mba South Africa na-etinye oke ókè n'ọkwa cyanide dị na mmiri ogbunigwe iji chebe mmiri na ọdọ mmiri gbara ya gburugburu. AuLeach™ GDA ọ dịghịkwa ihe ize ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke na-eme ka ogbunigwe belata ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke ukwuu ma na-agbaso iwu mmiri NEMA n'enweghị nsogbu ọ bụla.
4. AuCarb™ ọ ga-enwe ike imeri carbon shale nke na-ezu ohi na Witwatersrand Carbon Leader Reefs?
Ee. Ores nwere carbon shale (ihe e ji eme ihe n'oge gara aga) nwere ike ịmịnye ọlaedo agbazere ọzọ n'oge. AuCarb™ nwere usoro adsorption dị oke ngwa ngwa na nhazi pore dị elu, na-enye ya ohere ịmịkọrọ ogige gold-cyanide ngwa ngwa ma sie ike karịa ihe ndị sitere n'okike nke na-apụnara ihe ndị dị na slurry.
5. Kedu ụkpụrụ njem njem maka ibuga AuCyan™ site na Durban Port gaa na ogbunigwe Gauteng?
Mbupu niile nke AuCyan™ (Ngwaahịa dị ize ndụ nke Klas 6.1) rube isi nke ọma na ọkọlọtọ SANS 10228 na SANS 10231. A na-etinye ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị nro n'ime drum ígwè UN nke e mechiri emechi ma jiri ụgbọala hazmat nwere ikike bufee ha ozugbo site na Durban Port gaa n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe ndị a na-egwupụta ihe na Johannesburg, Carletonville, na Welkom.
6. AuLeach™ ọ dakọtara na sekit eletion na electrowinning nke South Africa dị ugbu a?
O doro anya. AuLeach™ GDA ọ dịghị mkpa mgbanwe isi obodo. Ọ na-emepụta ihe mgbagwoju anya ọlaedo siri ike nke na-abanye nke ọma na ya Carbon arụnyere Shell Coconut ma zoo ya nke ọma n'ime osisi Anglo American maọbụ Zadra elution na electrowinning (EW).
7. Kedu ka AuCyan™ si arụ ọrụ n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ike (HLR) dịka sistemụ Acacia?
Ndị na-eme ka ihe na-amịpụta ihe na-eme ka ihe na-amịpụta ihe na-eme ka ihe na-amịpụta ihe na-achọ ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị ọcha nke ukwuu. AuCyan™ (≥98.3%) ọ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa ma kpamkpam, na-eme ka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 99% nke irighiri ihe ọlaedo dị nro na nke dị mma na usoro nchịkọta ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime otu awa.
8. Gịnị mere osisi ọlaedo ndị dị na South Africa ji kwesị ịhọrọ carbon aki oyibo nke Indonesia karịa carbon coal nke obodo?
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-emepụta kabọn ndị e ji kol mee n'ógbè anyị, kabọn aki oyibo na-arụ ọrụ na shei aki oyibo na-enye nnukwu oghere dị elu ma nwee ike siri ike nke ukwuu (≥99%). Kabọn AuCarb™ Aki oyibo na-enye ikike ibu ọlaedo dị elu (uru K) ma na-ebelata ọnụego mmịpụta nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere carbon coal.
9. Kedu oge a na-eji ebuga ihe ndị e ji eme ihe n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Durban ruo ebe a na-egwupụta ihe?
Ozugbo ụgbọ mmiri oké osimiri kwụsịrị na Durban Port, usoro omenala anyị edoziri tupu oge eruo na-eme ka nnyefe akpaetu dị mfe n'ime ụbọchị azụmahịa 3 ruo 5. Njem okporo ụzọ gaa Gauteng, Free State, ma ọ bụ Barberton na-ewe awa 24 ruo 48 ọzọ, na-eme ka a mara na njikwa ngwa ahịa dị adị.
10. Kedu ka ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ígwè na osisi na mba South Africa ga-esi rịọ maka ihe nlele efu maka nnwale karama ụlọ nyocha?
Ndị isi ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara ígwè na ndị njikwa ụlọ nyocha na South Africa nwere ike ịrịọ arịrịọ. Ihe Nlereanya Nnwale n'efu nke AuCyan™, AuCarb™, ma ọ bụ AuLeach™ site na fọm kọntaktị weebụsaịtị anyị. Anyị na-eziga ngwa nlele ozugbo na ụlọ nyocha saịtị gị maka nyocha CIL karama-mpịakọta na kinetic adsorption.
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