Ko nga Reagents Nui 20 i roto i te Tukatuka Kohuke

E toru ngā tukanga o te tukatuka kohuke: te horoi, te kuru, me te whakapūmau. I roto i te tukanga o te whakakotahi i ngā konganuku utu nui mai i ngā konganuku polymetallic iti-te-kounga ki ngā kukū teitei-te-kounga, me tāpiri ngā momo kaikohi, ngā kaiwhakapūngao, ngā aukati, me ngā flocculants. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he matū paitini me te kino, pērā i ngā cyanides , ngā arsenides, ngā chromates, ngā momo alkyl xanthates, ngā phenols whakakapi, ngā anilines, ngā pyridines, ngā hydrocarbons , ngā alkenes, ngā ethers, ngā ketones, ngā aldehydes, ngā esters, me ētahi atu. Ka taea e ēnei matū te uru ki te taiao mā te tukunga o te wai para tukatuka kohuke, mā roto rānei i ngā puna paru, ka puta he parahanga tuarua, ka kino nui ki te taiao taiao. Ko ngā matū tukatuka kohuke e pā ana ki ngā kaikohi, ngā kaiwhakapūngao, ngā aukati, ngā flocculants, ngā whakarerekētanga, tae atu ki ngā kaihoko tango, ngā whakapai ake i te matrix tango, me ngā diluents e whakamahia ana i roto i te hydrometallurgy, e uru ana ki ngā rau o ngā momo matū hanga kore-waro, waro rānei.

He aha nga reagents tino nui i roto i te tukatuka kohuke?

I roto i ngā poke 68 kei te rārangi pango o Haina mō ngā poke matua, e 24 ngā matū tukatuka kohuke kei roto (tae atu ki te arsenic, te beryllium, te cadmium, te chromium, te MERCURY , te nickel, te thallium, te parahi, te mata, me ō rātou matū). Ko ngā matū kino ki te taiao ko ngā Cyanide , te hauwai sulfide, te phosphine, ngā fluorides, ngā arsenides, ngā chromates, te parahi sulfate, te konutea sulfate, te waro disulfide, ngā sulfites, ngā momo alkyl xanthates, ngā matū organophosphorus, ngā waipiro ngako, ngā aniline, ngā pyridines, ngā hauwaiwaihā, ngā alkenes, ngā ethers, ngā ketones, ngā aldehydes, ngā esters, me ngā rau o ētahi atu matū. Kua tīpakohia e mātou e 20 o ngā matū tino nui hei tohutoro māu. Kia titiro tātou!

Konutai Ethyl Xanthate

• Tātai ngota: C2H5OCSSNa

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura kōwhai mārama (he kirikiri rānei) he kakara whakapataritari, ka wairewa ki te wai, ki te waipiro, me ētahi atu, ka taea te hanga i ngā pūhui kore wairewa me ngā katote konganuku pēnei i te konukura, te parahi, me te nikara.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He pai te whiriwhiringa o te konutai etil xanthate i roto i ngā hua raupapa xanthate. Ka taea te whakamahi whānuitia mō te whakamānu i ngā konganuku whanariki ngāwari te mānu, ngā konganuku matatini rānei o ngā konganuku kore-ferrous. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi tahi me ngā kaihoko whanariki mō te whakamānu i ngā konganuku parahi me te waikura mata. Ka whakamahia hoki hei kaihoko whakapūmau i roto i te hydrometallurgy (hei tauira, te purenga o te electrolyte konutea) me te whakatere whakamomona i roto i te rapa.

Konutai Isopropyl Xanthate

• Tātai ngota: (CH3)2CHOCSSNa

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura kōwhai mārama (he kirikiri rānei) me te kakara whakapataritari, ka wairewa i roto i te wai.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He kaha ake te kaha o te konutai isopropyl xanthate ki te kohikohi i ngā konganuku whanariki o ngā konganuku kore-ferrous i te konutai ethyl xanthate. E whakamahia ana hei kaikohi mō ngā konganuku whanariki konganuku kore-ferrous, ā, ka taea hoki te mahi hei kaiwhakatakoto matū i roto i te hydrometallurgy; e whakamahia ana hoki hei whakaterenga whakamomona i roto i te rapa.

Konutai Butyl Xanthate (Paukawa)

• Tātai ngota: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura (he kirikiri rānei) kōwhai mārama, hina-mā rānei, he kakara whakapataritari, ka wairewa i roto i te wai me te waipiro, ka taea te hanga i ngā pūhui kore wairewa me ngā momo katote konganuku.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He mea kohikohi te konutai butyl xanthate (pāhare pākawa) me ōna kaha whakapūmau kaha, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te whakapūmau ranunga o ngā momo konganuku whanariki konganuku kore-ferrous. He tino pai tēnei matū hei whakapūmau i te chalcopyrite, te sphalerite, me te pyrite. I raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, ka taea hoki te whakamahi mō te whakapūmau pai o ngā konganuku parahi whanariki mai i ngā konganuku whanariki rino.

Konutai Isobutyl Xanthate (Pahaehae)

• Tātai ngota: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura kōwhai mārama (he kirikiri rānei) he kakara whakapataritari, he ngāwari ki te wairewa i roto i te wai, ā, ka taea te hanga i ngā pūhui kore e wairewa me ngā momo katote konganuku.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He kaha hoki te konutai isobutyl xanthate (potassium) ki te kohikohi i ngā momo konganuku whanariki kore-ferrous. E whakamahia ana mō te whakapūmau i ngā konganuku parahi, mata, me te konutea whanariki, ā, kua whakaatuhia tōna whai huatanga ki te whakapūmau i ngā momo konganuku parahi me te pyrite.

Konutai Isopentyl Xanthate

• Tātai ngota: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura kōwhai me te kakara whakapataritari, ka wairewa i roto i te wai.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He kaikohi kaha te konutai isopentyl xanthate e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakapūngā o ngā konganuku konganuku kore-ferrous e hiahia ana ki te kaha kohikohi kaha engari ehara i te whiriwhiri. Hei tauira, he kaikohi pai rawa atu mō ngā konganuku whanariki kua waikurahia, ngā konganuku parahi me te mata kua waikurahia rānei (whai muri i te whakapūngā ki te konutai whanariki, ki te konutai hauwaiwhanariki rānei). Ka taea hoki e tēnei matū te whakatutuki i te wehenga pai i roto i te whakapūngā o ngā konganuku whanariki parahi-nikora me te pyrite kei roto te koura.

Konutai Pentyl Xanthate (Pahaura)

• Tātai ngota: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura (he kirikiri rānei) he kōwhai mārama, he hina-mā rānei, he kakara whakarihariha, ka wairewa i roto i te wai.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: Ko te konutai pentyl xanthate (pāhare pākawa) he kaikohi kaha e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakapūngā o ngā konganuku konganuku kore-ferrous e hiahia ana ki te kaha kohikohi kaha engari ehara i te whiriwhiri. Hei tauira, he kaikohi pai mō ngā konganuku whanariki kua waikurahia, ngā konganuku parahi me te mata kua waikurahia rānei (whai muri i te whakapūngā ki te konutai whanariki, ki te konutai hauwaiwhanariki rānei). Ka taea hoki e ia te whakatutuki i te wehenga pai i roto i te whakapūngā o ngā konganuku whanariki parahi-nikora me te pyrite kei roto te koura.

Nama 25 Tarukino Pango

• Waenga Matua: Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Tātai ngota: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He wai hinuhinu parauri-pango me te kakara whakapataritari, ā, he waikura; he mura, he paku wairewa ki te wai.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He āhuatanga kohikohi, he āhuatanga pahuka hoki te rongoā pango Nama 25. He mea kohikohi whai hua mō ngā konganuku whanariki o te mata, te parahi, me te hiriwa, e whakamahia ana i roto i te wehenga whakatārewatanga pai o te mata me te konutea. He ngoikore te kaha kohikohi o tēnei matū mō te pyrite me ētahi atu konganuku whanariki i roto i ngā ara iahiko kawakore, engari he kaha te kohikohi kore-whiriwhiri mō ngā konganuku whanariki katoa i roto i ngā pāpāho kūpapa, waikawa rānei. I raro i ngā āhuatanga motuhake, he kaha kohikohi anō hoki mō ngā konganuku waikura konganuku taumaha. Nā te mea he iti noa te wairewa o tēnei matū ki te wai, me tāpiri atu ki tōna āhua taketake ki te tāke whakangawari, ki te mira pōro rānei.

Rongoa Pango Konutai Butyl

• Waenga Matua: Dibutyl Disulfide Konutai

• Tātai ngota: (C4H9O)2PSSNa

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He wairewa wai parauri-kōwhai, kāore he haunga whakapataritari, ā, he āhua pumau ngā āhuatanga matū.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He pai te rongoā pango butyl konutai hei kohikohi i ngā konganuku koura me ngā konganuku sulfide o te hiriwa, te parahi, me te konutea. He ngoikore tōna kaha ki te kohikohi i te pyrite i roto i ngā ara iahiko kawakore. He ngoikore noa iho ngā āhuatanga huka o tēnei matū.

Konutai Nama 25 Taaka Pango

• Waenga Matua: Dimethylphenol Disulfide Konutai

• Tātai ngota: (C7H7O)2PSSNa

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He wairewa parauri pouri, pango rānei, kāore he kakara.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He pai te kaikohi a te rongoā pango Konutai Nama 25 mō ngā konganuku parahi me te konupūmā mata. Nā te ngoikore o tōna kaha ki te kohikohi i ngā konganuku konutea konutea, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia mō te wehewehe i te konupūmā parahi me te konupūmā mata mai i ngā konganuku konutea konutea. Ka taea te tāpiri tika i tēnei matū ki te ara iahiko konutea.

Amonium Butyl Black Drug

• Waenga Matua: Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Tātai ngota: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura mā ki te hina-mā, kāore he reka, he ngawari ki te hau, he wairewa ki te wai, ā, he pumau ki ngā āhuatanga matū.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He pai rawa te rongoā pango ammonium butyl hei kohikohi me te whakapūpū mō ngā konganuku konganuku kore-ferrous. He kaha motuhake tōna ki te wehewehe i ngā konganuku sulfide o te parahi, te mata, te hiriwa, me te konutea, tae atu ki ngā konganuku polymetallic matatini. He ngoikore tōna mahi kohikohi mō te pyrite me te pyrite aukume i roto i te penupenu kawakore ngoikore engari he kaha tōna kaha kohikohi mō te galena. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i te whakapūpū o ngā konganuku nickel me te antimony sulfide, he tino whai hua mō ngā konganuku nickel sulfide uaua ki te whiriwhiri, ngā konganuku nickel kua whakapūpūhia ki te sulfide, me ngā konganuku sulfide waenga me te gangue. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau he pai te whakamahi i te rongoā pango ammonium butyl mō te whakaora i te platinum, te koura, me te hiriwa.

Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Waenga Matua: N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Konutai

• Tātai ngota: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He tioata mā ki te hina-mā, kāore he kakara whakapataritari, he ngāwari ki te wairewa i roto i te wai. Ka pirau tēnei matū hei waro disulfide, diethylamine, me ētahi atu, i te aroaro o te

• o te wera, te waikawa ranei.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: Ko te Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) e whakamahia ana hei kohikohi mō ngā momo konganuku kore-ferrous. He kaha te kohikohi i ngā konganuku parahi, mata, konutea, me te nikara sulfide. He tino whai hua tēnei matū hei whakapūngā i ngā konganuku matatini, ā, kua whānuitia te whakamahi i roto i te umanga tukatuka kohuke. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ia te āwhina ki te whakapai ake i ngā tere whakaora o ngā konganuku i roto i ngā tukanga whakapūngā.

Frothers Frotation

Ka whai waahi nui nga Frothers ki te tukatuka kohuke ma te whakakorikori i te hanganga o nga huka pumau e taea ai te wehe motuhake o nga kohuke utu nui. Ko nga kohu pupuhi noa ko:

• Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He wai kore tae, mura, he kakara motuhake, kāore e wairewa i te wai.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: E whakamahia whānuitia ana te MIBC hei whakapūpū i roto i te whakapūpū i ngā momo konganuku, tae atu ki te parahi, te koura, me te nikara. Ka whakarei ake i te pumau o te whakapūpū, ka whakapai ake i ngā tere whakaora o ngā kohuke e hiahiatia ana.

• Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He wai kore tae, he kakara ngawari, ka wairewa i roto i te wai me ngā whakarewa waro.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He whai hua tēnei mīhini whakapūpū hei whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga whakapūpū o ngā tukanga whakapūpū, inā koa mō ngā konganuku whanariki. Ka āwhina ki te waihanga i tētahi pahuka pumau e āhei ai te wehenga pai ake o ngā kohuke whai hua.

• Polyglycol Etere

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He wai matotoru ka wairewa ki te wai, ā, he iti te paitini.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He mea whakahuka te Polyglycol ether, ā, ka taea te whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te whakapūngao o ngā kohuke maha, inā koa i te whakapūngao o ngā matūriki pai rawa me ngā matūriki tino pai rawa.

Nga kaitarai

Ko nga kaitao he matū matū ka aukati i te rere o nga kohuke motuhake. He mea nui ratou mo te whakahaere i te whiriwhiringa me te whai hua o nga tikanga whakatere. Ko nga aukati noa ko:

• konutai Cyanide

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He totoka tioata mā, he tino wairewa ki te wai, ā, he tino paitini.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: Ko te konutai cyanide te mea matua e whakamahia ana hei pehi i ngā kohuke kāore e hiahiatia ana i te wā e mānu ana, kia taea ai te whakaora i ngā konganuku utu nui, inā koa te koura me te hiriwa. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te tukatuka koura, inā koa i roto i te tukanga cyanidation.

• Sodium Sulphide

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He totoka mā ki te kōwhai, ka wairewa i te wai, he kakara haunga.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te konutai whanariki hei whakahohe i ētahi katote konganuku me te pehi i ētahi atu i roto i te tukanga whakamānu. He tino whai hua tēnei i roto i te whakamānu o ngā konganuku kua waikuratia, pērā i ngā mea kei roto ko te parahi me te mata.

• Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura mā e wairewa ana i te wai, kāore e paitini, ā, ka pirau.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: He aukati pūmua whai hua te CMC e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakapūngao o ngā momo kohuke. Ka āwhina i te whakahaere i te whiriwhiringa o te tukanga whakapūngao mā te aukati i te whakapūngao o ētahi kohuke gangue.

Ngahau

Ka whakamahia te Flocculant hei whakarei ake i te taunga me te whakamakuku o nga kohuke me nga hiku. Ko nga flocculants noa ko:

• Poraka

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He paura mā ki te kōwhai, he tino wairewa ki te wai, kāore he paitini.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: E whakamahia whānuitia ana te polyacrylamide hei mea whakapūpū i roto i te tukatuka kohuke hei whakapai ake i te tere o te taunga o ngā paru me te whakamaroke i ngā toenga waipara.

• Pataata Alumini

• Ngā Āhuatanga: He totoka tioata mā e wairewa ana i roto i te wai.

• Ngā Whakamahinga Matua: E whakamahia ana te konumohe whanariki hei whakapūmau me te whakapūmau i roto i te tukatuka kohuke hei āwhina i te whakamārama me te whakamātotoru i ngā paru.