Mercury (Hg) Hanganga, Puna me te Ahumahi Tirohanga | United Chemical

Kupu Whakataki

He konganuku taumaha nui te Mercury (Hg) i roto i te hītori, engari he tino morearea. Nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei — he wai i te pāmahana rūma, he kawe hiko teitei, he kaha ki te whakakotahi — i whānuitia ai te whakamahinga ahumahi i ngā wā o mua. Nā te nui haere o te mōhiotanga ki ngā mōrearea taiao me te hauora e pā ana ki te mercury, kua puta ngā mahi ā-ao pērā i te Minamata Convention hei whakawhāiti, hei whakakore rānei i ngā whakamahinga MERCURY maha , hei whakatenatena hoki i te hangarua me te whakahaere i te parahanga.

Ko tenei tuhinga korero a te kamupene na United Chemical he whakarāpopototanga mārama, ngaio hoki Tuhinga o mua nga puna me nga huarahi whakaora, nga ahuatanga o te hua-kounga me te whakataurite ma te puna, te mekameka uara ahumahi, nga whenua ture me nga tauhokohoko, me nga whakaritenga a nga umanga me nga taunakitanga whakahaere morearea.

Tuhipoka haumaru : He paitini roro te mercury me ōna matū, ā, he pumau ki te taiao. Me whai i ngā ture ā-motu, ngā kawenata o te ao me ngā ture mō ngā taonga morearea te whakahaere, te whakaora, te kawe, te whakamahi rānei.

1. He aha te mercury? (Popoto)

Ko te mēkuri huānga (Hg) he konganuku wai mātotoru i nga ahuatanga o te taiao, ka taea te ngohe me te marara ki te taiao. He maha nga ahuatanga o te Mercury:

• Te konukōre huānga (Hg⁰) — he mea whakarewa, he mea pupuhi;

• Ngā tote konukōrekore — hei tauira, te konukōrekore (HgCl₂);

• Te konukōrei waro — pērā i te methylmercury, ka kohia ora i roto i ngā mekameka kai, ā, he nui hoki ngā mōrearea ki te hauora.

Ko te Mercury i tukuna ki roto i te hau me te wai ka taea te huri me te whakaemi-koiora, ka pa te roa ki te kaiao me te hauora tangata.

2. Nga puna matua me nga waahanga whakaora (tirohanga taumata-tiketike)

Ko te nuinga o te tuku mercury o te ao e ahu mai ana i te keri tuatahi (cinnabar/HgS) me ngā awa hangarua (ngā hua taha ahumahi me ngā para kua kohia) . Ko ngā wāhanga pūtake matua ko:

1. Te keri me te whakarewa tuatahi (cinnabar)

• Tirohanga Whānui : Ko te keri me te whakarewa cinnabar (HgS) o mua ka puta he konukōre huānga mā te whakamahana me te whakatōtō. Ka taea e ngā whare hou e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga te whakaputa konukōre parakore teitei i muri i te maimoatanga tika.

• Āwangawanga : Ka hua ake te parahanga nui me ngā mōrearea hauora i ngā mahi whakarewa iti kāore i te whakahaeretia; he maha ngā whenua e whakawhāiti ana, e aukati ana rānei i aua mahi.

2. Ahumahi i-hua whakaora me te hangarua whakaritea

• Tirohanga Whānui : Kei te piki haere te whiwhinga o te mercury mai i ngā awa para kua kohia—ngā rama hihiko, ngā pana me ngā whakawhiti, ngā taputapu hauora, ngā hikohiko me ngā para taiwhanga—kātahi ka whakangawaritia i roto i ngā whare whakahaere.

• Painga : Ka whakaitihia e te hangarua te taumahatanga taiao, ka whakapai ake i te whai i ngā mea me te tutuki i ngā ture.

3. Te keri koura toi me te iti-iti (ASGM)

• Tirohanga Whānui : I ētahi rohe, ka whakamahia e te ASGM te konukōrei hei hanga i ngā ranunga hei whakaora i te koura.

• Kaupapahere : Ko te whakamahinga o te mercury i roto i ngā ASGM tētahi o ngā whāinga matua hei whakaiti i raro i te Kawenata o Minamata me ngā kaupapa ā-motu e whakatairanga ana i ngā huarahi kē atu.

4. Te wetewete i nga rakau tawhito me nga taputapu

• Tirohanga Whānui : Mā te whakakorenga o ngā taputapu tawhito me te whakakorenga o ngā hua tawhito ka puta mai anō te konukōre ka taea te whakaora, engari he rerekē te kounga me ngā āhua poke, ā, me tino tukatuka.

3. Te whakataurite o te kounga o te puna/hua me nga ine matua

Ko nga roopu hoko me te hanganga ture me whakarite i nga waahanga e whai ake nei i roto i nga Tiwhikete Tiwhikete (COA):

• Te ihirangi Hg / te parakore o ngā huānga (%) ;

• Ngā toenga konukōre waro (methylmercury) ;

• Ngā tawhā haumaru e pā ana ki te āhuarangi me te pēhanga kohu ;

• Ngā poke kore-waro (As, Pb, ngā pūhui S, ngā matūriki) ;

• Te makuku me ngā poke ā-mīhini ;

• Te āhua me te takai (wai taketake Hg, ngā tote, ngā koranu; ngā whakatakotoranga rauemi o te ipu).

Whakataurite taumata-tiketike mā te pūtake :

• Kerihanga tuatahi (ngā tipu e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga) : Ka taea te whakatutuki i te parakore teitei mēnā ka whakahaerea ngā tukunga me te maimoatanga para; he mea nui te tutuki i ngā ture.

• Te hangarua ā-ture : Mā te whakamahine hou, ka taea e te konutea hangarua te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga parakore teitei, ā, he mea pai ake mō ngā take taiao.

• Ngā pūtake tawhito/te wetewete : He rerekē te kounga; me whai wā anō kia purea.

• Ngā pūtake ASGM : Tino poke, ā, kāore e whakaaetia mō ngā mekameka tuku tika.

4. Raina uara ahumahi (whakarunga — waenganui — whakararo)

Whakarunga — puna me nga taputapu

• Ngā Pūtake : ngā konganuku cinnabar, ngā para ahumahi (ngā rama, ngā pana, ngā taputapu hauora), ngā taonga tawhito.

• Ngā taputapu me ngā ratonga : ngā pūnaha hauhautanga/hopu kati, ngā waeine mimiti/mimiti, ngā taputapu whakamahine, ngā taiwhanga whakamātautau whaimana, ngā takai taonga morearea me ngā mahi whakahaere.

Midstream — te whakamahine, te whakamatautau me te hokohoko

• Ngā Mahi : te whakarewa/te whakamahine, te whakamātautau taiwhanga (COA/MSDS), te takai me te tapanga, te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kaweake me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere.

• Ngā mea nui : ngā whakaaetanga, te whakahaere tukunga, te whakahaere hauora mahi me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā waka.

Raro — tono me nga tikanga whakakapi

• Ngā Whakamahinga : ngā taputapu tino tika, ētahi whakakorikori matū, rangahau; i roto i ngā rama me ngā pana (kua whakakapia te nuinga ināianei).

• Ia au : te tere o te whakamahi i ngā hangarau kore-mercury (ngā LED, ngā pana totoka, ngā whakakorikori rerekē) me te whakakorenga e whakahaerehia ana e ngā ture i roto i ngā whakamahinga maha.

5. Whakaritenga me te tauhokohoko whenua (tirohanga)

• Te Kawenata o Minamata : te anga ture matua o te ao e hiahia ana kia whakaitihia, ā, kia mutu, kia whakakorea hoki ngā tukunga konukōre, kia whakatenatenahia te hangarua me te whakahaere i ngā taonga.

• Te au o te mākete : te hekenga o te hiahia mō te konukōre tuatahi me te pikinga o te whakawhirinaki ki ngā puna konukōre hangarua, e tutuki ana i ngā ture; ko te hokohoko konukōre ture kore me te ASGM kāore i te whaimana kei te noho tonu hei kaupapa matua mō te whakatinanatanga.

• Kia tūpato ki te hokohoko : me tutuki ngā whakaritenga o te whenua e haere atu ai ngā taonga kaweake, ngā ture kawe taonga morearea (IATA/IMDG), me te whai i te takenga mai.

6. Nga raruraru ahumahi, nga kaupapa matua me nga taunakitanga

1. Te Whakatutukitanga : kia mau tonu te hononga ki te Kawenata o Minamata me ngā ture ā-rohe—kua tuhia te whai i ngā pūtake me ngā wāhi e haere atu ai te konukōre.

2. Whakatairanga i te hangarua : haumi ki ngā hanganga kohikohi me te whakamahine kua whakaritea kia tukuna ai te konukōre hangarua e tutuki ana i ngā ture.

3. Tiakina te hauora me te taiao : whakatinanahia te aroturukitanga mahi, te aukati i te turuturu, te urupare ohorere me te whai wāhi a te hapori.

4. Tautoko whakakapinga : mahi tahi me ngā kiritaki ki te whakamahi i ngā hangarau kore-mercury me te tuku tautoko whakakore/whakaora rawa.

5. Te whakahaere kounga me te whai i te kounga : whakarato COA/MSDS me ia tuku me te whakarite kia whai i te kounga o te puranga.

6. Te whakawhiti mōrearea : whakatinanahia he inihua taunahatanga taiao me te inihua kawe waka e tika ana.

Whakamutunga — United Chemicalte piriponotanga

United Chemical e ū ana ki te whai kawenga, ki te whai mana me te whai whakaaro ki te taiao me nga rauemi e pa ana ki te mercury. Ko o maatau kaupapa matua ko:

• te whakarite i te hangarua kua whakaritea me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki te tangohanga tuatahi;

• te pupuri i te mana o te kounga, nga tuhinga me te whai waahi;

• whakarato ki nga kiritaki nga tuhinga hanganga ture, tohutohu hangarau me nga whakangungu whakahaere haumaru;

• te mahi tahi ki te ahu whakamua i nga huarahi rereke me te whakaiti i nga tupono morearea i roto i nga umanga whakararo.