Kupititsa patsogolo Mitengo Yobwezeretsa Golide Pogwiritsa Ntchito Kuphatikizana kwa Sodium Cyanide ndi Potaziyamu Bromide

Introduction

M'makampani opanga migodi ndi kukumba golide, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa golide kuchokera ku ore ndikofunikira kwambiri. Njira imodzi yomwe yasonyeza lonjezo ndikugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi Sodium cyanide ndi Potaziyamu bromide. Cholemba chabulogu ichi chiwunika momwe kuphatikiza uku kumagwirira ntchito komanso mapindu ake pakuwongolera Kubwezeretsa golide.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Kutulutsa Golide

Sodium cyanide wakhala reagent yofunika mu Kuchotsa golide ndondomeko. Njira ya cyanidation, yomwe inayamba mu 1887 pamene idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kutulutsa golide ndi siliva, idakali njira yodziwika bwino pamakampani a golide padziko lonse lapansi. Njirayi ndi yolunjika. Kwa ore a golide otsika, ore amayamba kuphwanyidwa mpaka kukula koyenera kuti awonjezere malo ake, kuwongolera zomwe zimachitika ndi yankho la cyanide. Kenako, yankho la cyanide (nthawi zambiri Sodium Cyanide kusungunuka m'madzi) imayambitsidwa. Pamaso pa okosijeni, golidi mu ore amakumana ndi ma cyanide ions kupanga golide wosungunuka wa cyanide complexes. Kusintha kwamankhwala kosavuta ndi: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na(Au(CN)₂) + 4NaOH. Izi zimapangitsa golide kusungunuka ndikulekanitsidwa ndi matrix ore. Sodium cyanide imagwirizana kwambiri ndi golide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asungunuke mwa kusankha, ngakhale golideyo atakhala wotsika. Kusankha kumeneku n'kofunika chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti golide atuluke kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali kumene mchere wina ungakhalepo wochuluka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kutengera mtundu wa ore, cyanidation ndi sodium cyanide amatha kupeza golide wapamwamba kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 50 - 80%, ndipo nthawi zina, mpaka 90%.

Ntchito ya Potaziyamu Bromide

Potaziyamu bromide imathandizanso kwambiri pakuchotsa golide. Bromide - kuchotsa golide ndi njira yodalirika yomwe yaphunziridwa kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito bromide ngati choloweza m'malo kapena chowonjezera pakuchotsa golide kuli ndi zabwino zingapo. Ndi yotsika mtengo, imakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu (kuyambira 90 - 95% nthawi zina), ithamanga mwachangu, siiwononga pamilingo yoyenera, ndipo imatha kukhala yopanda poizoni pamilingo yotsika. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma reagents ena, amatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yonse yochotsa golide.

Synergy ya Sodium Cyanide ndi Potaziyamu Bromide

Pamene sodium cyanide ndi potaziyamu bromide amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi, amatha kupanga synergistic kwenikweni. Ma ayoni a bromide ochokera ku potaziyamu bromide amatha kuyanjana ndi ma golide - cyanide complexes opangidwa ndi sodium cyanide. Kuyanjana kumeneku kungapangitse kupanga mapangidwe okhazikika kapena osungunuka kwambiri, omwe amatha kuwonjezera kusungunuka kwa golide mu yankho. Mwachitsanzo, ma ion a bromide atha kutenga nawo gawo pazosintha zomwe zimasintha mawonekedwe a golide - cyanide complex, kupangitsa kuti golideyo azitha kukonzedwanso ndikusiyanitsidwa ndi yankho. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhalapo kwa bromide kumatha kukhudzanso momwe tinthu tating'ono tagolide tambirimbiri tambirimbiri tambirimbiri tambirimbiri tambirimbiri tambirimbiri tambirimbiri tambirimbiri tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ing'onong'i chiwonjezeke. Zitha kuthandizira kuphwanya zokutira kapena zonyansa zilizonse pazinthu zagolide, kulola ma cyanide ions ochokera ku sodium cyanide kukhala ndi mwayi wofika pamwamba pa golide, motero kulimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa golide.

Nkhani ndi Zotsatira

Maphunziro angapo ndi ntchito zothandiza zasonyeza mphamvu ya kuphatikiza uku. M'mayesero ena oyesera, pochiza golide ndi njira yophatikizira ya sodium cyanide ndi potaziyamu bromide, mitengo yobwezeretsa golide inali yokwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide yokha. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wina, chiwopsezo chobwezeretsa golide chinakwera kuchoka pa 70% pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide yokha kufika pa 85% pamene potaziyamu bromide inawonjezeredwa ku dongosolo. M'zochitika zenizeni za migodi padziko lonse lapansi, migodi ina yomwe yatengera kugwiritsa ntchito zida ziwirizi zakhala zikuyenda bwino 经济效益. Iwo atha kuchotsa golide wochuluka kuchokera ku zitsulo zofanana, zomwe sizimangowonjezera mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso zimawonjezera phindu la ntchito ya migodi.

Kuganizira Zachilengedwe ndi Chitetezo

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zonse ziwiri za sodium cyanide ndi potaziyamu bromide ziyenera kusamaliridwa mosamala. Sodium cyanide ndi chinthu chapoizoni kwambiri, ndipo kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndi kayendetsedwe kake kamakhala ndi malamulo okhwima. Zinyalala zilizonse zomwe zili ndi sodium cyanide ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino kuti ziteteze kuwononga chilengedwe. Mankhwala a haidrojeni peroxide, mwachitsanzo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutulutsa okosijeni ndi kunyozetsa sodium cyanide muzamadzimadzi zinyalala, kupanga sodium bicarbonate ndi mpweya wa ammonia. Potaziyamu bromide, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako kuposa sodium cyanide, imafunikiranso kugwiridwa bwino kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo pantchito. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa ma reagents awiriwa, makampani amigodi ayenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima otetezedwa komanso machitidwe owongolera zachilengedwe kuti achepetse zoopsa.

Kutsiliza

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kophatikizana kwa sodium cyanide ndi potaziyamu bromide kumapereka njira yodalirika yopititsira patsogolo mitengo yobwezeretsa golide. Pomvetsetsa kuyanjana kwamankhwala pakati pa ma reagents awiriwa ndi ntchito zawo pawokha pochotsa golide, makampani amigodi amatha kukulitsa njira zawo zochotsera. Komabe, ndikofunikira kulinganiza phindu lomwe lingakhalepo ndi njira zokhazikika zachilengedwe komanso chitetezo. Pamene kufunikira kwa golide kukukulirakulirabe komanso kufunikira kwa golide wokwera kwambiri kukucheperachepera, njira zatsopano zophatikizira izi zithandizira kwambiri pakukula kokhazikika kwa migodi ya golide.