Malamulo a Zamalonda Padziko Lonse a Sodium Cyanide: Kumvetsetsa Zofunikira Zotsatira M'maiko Osiyana

Introduction

Sodium cyanide, mankhwala oopsa kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga migodi ya golide, electroplating, ndi organic synthesis. Komabe, chifukwa chakuwopseza kwambiri thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akhazikitsa malamulo okhwima komanso atsatanetsatane okhudza Zochita Padziko Lonse of Sodium Cyanide. Kumvetsetsa malamulowa sikofunikira kokha kuonetsetsa kuti malonda akuyenda bwino komanso chofunika chosapeŵeka chosungira chitetezo cha chilengedwe cha padziko lonse ndi moyo waumunthu.

Makhalidwe a Sodium Cyanide ndi Chidule cha Zowopsa Zamalonda

Sodium cyanide ndi crystalline granule kapena ufa, wosungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa la amondi. Ndi poizoni kwambiri. Kukoka mpweya, kumeza, kapena kukhudza pang'ono pakhungu ndi anthu kumatha kupha, komanso kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kosasinthika kwa nthaka ndi madzi ozungulira chilengedwe. Panthawi ya malonda apadziko lonse, ngati kulongedzako kuli kosayenera, zotengerazo ndizosaloledwa, kapena zosungirako ndizolakwika, pokhapokha kutayikira kukuchitika, kungayambitse zotsatira zoopsa. Ichinso ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe mayiko amakondera kuyang'anira sodium cyanide malonda.

Zofunikira pakutsata M'maiko Akuluakulu ndi Zigawo

United States

Dziko la United States lili ndi dongosolo lovuta komanso lokhwima loyendetsera katundu wa Sodium cyanide. Otsatsa malonda ayenera choyamba kunena za kuitanitsa mankhwala oyenerera ku bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ndikutsatira zomwe zili mu Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), kupereka zambiri zamalonda, kuphatikizapo kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, kupanga, ndi zina. Pali miyezo yomveka bwino yoyika zinthu, zolemba zolembera, ndi zapadera zofunika kwa magalimoto oyendera. Pankhani yosungiramo zinthu, sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa m'malo opangidwa mwapadera omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo ndipo amawunikiridwa pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, otumiza kunja akuyeneranso kukhazikitsa dongosolo lathunthu loyankha mwadzidzidzi kuti athe kuthana ndi kutayikira komwe kungachitike, ngozi, ndi zina.

mgwirizano wamayiko aku Ulaya

European Union imatsatira mfundo yogwirizana komanso yapamwamba kwambiri pamalamulo amalonda a sodium cyanide. Malinga ndi malamulo a EU Chemical Management Reach (REACH), mabizinesi omwe amatumiza sodium cyanide kupita ku EU akuyenera kumaliza kulembetsa pasadakhale ndikupereka chikalata chokwanira chachitetezo chamankhwala (SDS), chomwe chimakhudza zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, chidziwitso cha toxicological, kuwunika kwachilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri. Pankhani ya mayendedwe, tsatirani Mgwirizano waku Europe wokhudza International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Pali zoletsa zokhwima pamagalimoto oyendera, ziyeneretso za oyendetsa, ndikukonzekera njira zamayendedwe. Mayiko a EU alinso ndi njira zovomerezeka zomangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo sodium cyanide, zomwe zimafuna njira zingapo zotetezera chitetezo kuti zipewe kutayikira komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, EU imalimbikitsa mabizinesi kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zina zotetezeka kuti achepetse zoopsa zomwe zimadza chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.

China

Monga wopanga wamkulu komanso wogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide, China imayang'aniranso kwambiri malonda ake apadziko lonse lapansi. Kulowetsa sodium cyanide kumafuna kufunsira zilolezo kuchokera kumadipatimenti angapo monga kasitomu ndi dipatimenti yoyang'anira mwadzidzidzi, kupereka ziyeneretso zamabizinesi, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu, njira zotsimikizira chitetezo, ndi zolemba zina. Panthawi yoyendetsa, tsatirani mosamalitsa "Malamulo pa Chitetezo cha Mankhwala Oopsa." Mabizinesi amayendedwe amayenera kukhala ndi ziyeneretso zaukadaulo, ndipo magalimoto ali ndi zida zofunikira zotayira mwadzidzidzi komanso zizindikiro zochenjeza. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yopangira chitetezo cha dziko, kukhazikitsa anthu awiri, kasamalidwe kotseka kawiri, ndikulemba molondola kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa sodium cyanide. Pazogulitsa kunja, mabizinesi amayenera kutsatira zomwe akufuna kumayiko omwe akutumiza ndikutsata malamulo oyendetsera dziko la China kuti awonetsetse kuti sodium cyanide ikuyenda mwalamulo komanso motetezeka.

Mayiko ndi Zigawo Zina

Dziko la Japan limagwiritsa ntchito njira zololeza zilolezo zogulitsira kunja kwa sodium cyanide, zomwe zimafuna obwera kunja kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi kuthekera koyenera kusungirako, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutaya, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatsata njira yowunika momwe chilengedwe chikuyendera. Koma Australia, imayang'anira malonda a sodium cyanide malinga ndi Industrial Chemicals (Import and Export) Act. Muzoyendetsa, zosungirako, ndi zina, ikugogomezera kugwirizanitsa ndi njira zabwino zapadziko lonse kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa zomangamanga ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera ntchito, zofunikira pa malonda a sodium cyanide m'mayiko ena a ku Africa zimasiyananso, koma kawirikawiri, ntchito zowongolera zimalimbikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti zithetse zoopsa kuchokera ku gwero.

Zotsutsa ndi Malingaliro

Kwa mabizinesi omwe akuchita nawo malonda apadziko lonse lapansi a sodium cyanide, kufufuza mozama pamalamulo amsika omwe akuyembekezeredwa ndiye ntchito yayikulu. Atha kupanga gulu loyang'anira akatswiri kapena kudalira mabungwe akunja. Khazikitsani dongosolo lathunthu la kasamalidwe kabwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti maulalo onse kuyambira pakugula, kupanga kupita kumayendedwe ndi kutumiza akugwirizana ndi zofunikira. Limbikitsani maphunziro a ogwira ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo chidziwitso cha chitetezo ndi luso la magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika za anthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, fufuzani mwakhama ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zotetezeka komanso zowononga chilengedwe, zimagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha dziko lonse lapansi, ndikuchepetsa kudalira mankhwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.

Kutsiliza

Malamulo apadziko lonse a malonda a sodium cyanide ndi okhwima komanso osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Maiko apanga mwatsatanetsatane Compliance zofunikira potengera momwe dziko lawo lilili komanso chitetezo. Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa bwino komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulowa pomwe mabizinesi amalonda angakwaniritse chitukuko chokhazikika cha malonda a sodium cyanide pomwe akuwonetsetsa chitetezo komanso kuteteza mogwirizana chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi komanso moyo wamunthu ndi thanzi.