Iyo yese slime cyanidation maitiro ekuparadzira mhando yegoridhe ores

1. ziviso

Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza indasitiri yezvicherwa zvegoridhe, zviwanikwa zvegoridhe zvinogadziriswa zviri nyore zvishoma nezvishoma. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kudzidza mabenefits uye kunyungudutsa maitiro ezverefractory goridhe ores, senge goridhe ores ane arsenic - antimony vein - yakaparadzirwa mhando. Aya ores anoratidzirwa nekuzara

x mieralogy, uko arsenopyrite uye stibnite zvakabatana zvakanyanya nemaminerari e gangue mune fomu yakaparadzirwa, zvichiita kuti kutorwa kwegoridhe kunetsa. Iyo yese - slime cyanidation process inzira yakajairika yekuchera goridhe, asi kune iyi mhando yeore, inowanzosangana nematambudziko senge yakaderera goridhe leaching rate uye yakakwirira reagent kushandiswa. Kunatsiridza hurongwa uhu kunogona kunyatso kuvandudza mwero wekushandisa zviwanikwa uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi emigodhi yegoridhe.

2. Hunhu hweArsenic - Antimony Vein - Yakaparadzirwa Type Gold Ores

2.1 Mineralogical Kuumbwa

Mu arsenic - antimony vein - yakaparadzirwa mhando yegoridhe ores, arsenopyrite uye stibnite ndiwo maminerari makuru anokanganisa kutorwa kwegoridhe. Zvimedu zvegoridhe zvechisikigo muore zvine masaizi asina kuenzana zvakanyanya. Ivo vanonyanya kugoverwa mupakatsemuka uye inter-granular nzvimbo dzepyrite uye arsenopyrite, kana dzakaputirwa mukati mavo. Dzimwe nguva, goridhe rinogara pamwe ne stibnite, uye chikamu chayo chakaiswa mumaminerari e gangue senge limonite kana quartz. Chikamu chepyrite mune ore chiripo sechakanaka-chakaparadzirwa kuparadzirwa mumaminerari e gangue uye ine hukama hwepedyo hwesymbiotic ne arsenopyrite uye marcasite. Arsenopyrite kazhinji ine saizi yakanaka uye yakabatana nepyrite. Chimiro cheore chinonyanya tsinga - inoparadzirwa, ine yakawanda stibnite uye arsenopyrite yakasanganiswa nemaminerari e gangue nenzira yakaparadzirwa.

2.2 Zvinhu Zvinokuvadza

Kuvapo kwe arsenic (As) uye antimony (Sb) mune ore haina kunaka zvakanyanya kune cyanidation leaching yegoridhe. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuita nazvo cyanide uye okisijeni muchirongwa checyanidation, ichidya huwandu hukuru hwema reagents uye kuderedza chiyero cheleaching chegoridhe. Semuyenzaniso, arsenic inogona kugadzira akasiyana arsenic - ane makomisheni mumushonga wecyanide, usingangopedze cyanide chete asiwo unogona kugadzira mafirimu ekufambisa pamusoro pezvimedu zvegoridhe, zvichitadzisa kubatana pakati pegoridhe neiyo cyanide.

3. Matambudziko Aripo mune Zvose - Slime Cyanidation Process

3.1 Yakaderera Goridhe Leaching Rate

Nangisa zvese - slime cyanidation ye arsenic - antimony vein - yakaparadzirwa mhando yegoridhe ores inowanzo konzera yakadzikira goridhe leaching rate. Nekuda kweiyo yakaoma mineralogical kuumbwa uye kuvapo kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza, goridhe inonetsa kunyungudika zvizere necyanide. Kune mamwe ores, iyo yakananga zvese - slime cyanidation kudzoreredza mwero ingori 47.62%.

3.2 Yakanyanya Reagent Kushandisa

Iyo cyanidation process inoda huwandu hukuru hwe cyanide seiyo leaching agent. Zvisinei, pamberi pearsenic, antimony nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza, kushandiswa kwecyanide kunowedzera zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kwemamwe maminerari e sulfide mune ore kunogonawo kuita ne cyanide, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwe reagent. Semuenzaniso, kuita kwemaminerari e sulfide ane cyanide anogona kugadzira akasiyana cyano - macomplexes, achidzikisa yemahara cyanide kusungwa muslurry uye kudzoreredza goridhe leaching.

4. Optimization Strategies kune Vose - Slime Cyanidation Process

4.1 Pretreatment Nzira

4.1.1 Alkaline Leaching Pretreatment

Kushandisa NaOH sealkaline leaching agent inogona kunyatsobvisa zvimwe zvinokuvadza. Kuburikidza ne orthogonal factorial experiments, zvakatemwa kuti kune mamwe ores, kana mineral grinding fineness iri - 200 mesh accounting ye85%, alkaline leaching concentration i60 kg/t, alkaline leaching time i32 h, uye alkaline leaching tembiricha i26 °C, iyo inotevera mhedzisiro inogona kuvandudza cyanid. Alkaline leaching inogona kunyungudutsa imwe arsenic - uye antimony - ine zvicherwa kune imwe nhanho, ichideredza maitiro avo akaipa pamaitiro ecyanidation.

4.1.2 Acid Pretreatment

Acid pretreatment, such as using nitric acid (HNO₃) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), can also be effective. Acid pretreatment can reduce cyanide consumption. For example, after acid pretreatment, cyanide consumption can be reduced by 340 - 210 mg/L respectively, and the corresponding gold recovery rates can increase to 98.87% and 95.11%. Acid pretreatment can dissolve some kabhoniate minerals and part of the sulfide minerals in the ore, reducing the interference of these minerals in the cyanidation process.

4.1.3 Kugocha Pretreatment

Kugocha simbi pa600 - 1000 °C kwe0.5 - 2 h isati yaitwa cyanidation kunogonawo kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Mhedzisiro yecyanidation pamasampuli akagochwa inoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwecyanide kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya ne1150 mg/L, uye chiyero chekudzosa goridhe chinowedzera ne5.2%. Mukuwedzera, zviri mukati me arsenic, antimony, cadmium, uye NGONI mumuenzaniso wakakangwa (yakakangwa pa1000 °C ye2 h) yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kugocha kunogona kushandura zvicherwa zve sulfide kuita simbi okisidi, zvichiita kuti goridhe riwanike ku cyanide leaching.

4.2 Optimization yeCyanidation Conditions

4.2.1 Cyanide Concentration

Kune ores ane hunhu hwakasiyana, iyo yakakodzera cyanide concentration inoda kutariswa. Kune yekutanga mhando yeore sampu ine 10.5 ppm goridhe ine yakakwira arsenic uye antimony, iyo optimum cyanide concentration i4000 mg/L, nepo kune yechipiri mhando yeore sampu ine yakaderera goridhe yemukati (2.5 ppm) asi yakakwira sirivheri yemukati (160 ppm), iyo optimum cyanide concentration i2500 mg/L. Kugadzirisa iyo cyanide yekumisikidza zvinoenderana neiyo ore zvivakwa zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwegoridhe leaching uku uchideredza reagent tsvina.

4.2.2 pH Kukosha

Iyo pH kukosha kweiyo cyanidation mhinduro ine zvakare yakakosha kukanganisa kune leaching maitiro. Pamuenzaniso wekutanga, iyo yakakwana pH ndeye 11.1. uye yechipiri sampuli, iyo optimum pH ndeye 10.5. Kuchengeta iyo yakakodzera pH kukosha kunogona kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kweiyo cyanide mhinduro uye kusimudzira kuita pakati pegoridhe uye cyanide ions.

4.2.3 Nguva yeCyanidation

Nguva yecyanidation inofanirawo kuvandudzwa. Pamhando mbiri dzemasampuli dzataurwa pamusoro apa, nguva yakakodzera yecyanidation ndeye 24 h. Kurebesa nguva yecyanidation hakungo wedzera mwero wekudzoreredza goridhe zvakanyanya asi kuchawedzera mutengo wekugadzira. Naizvozvo, kuona iyo yakakodzera cyanidation nguva yakakosha pakuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira.

4.2.4 Kushandiswa kweOxidizing Agents

Kushandisa oxidizing agents akadai seH₂O₂ (0.015 M), mhepo (0.15 L/min), kana musanganiswa weH₂O₂ nemhepo zvinogona kuvandudza kinetics yekubvisa goridhe. Pakati pavo, jekiseni remhepo rine yakanyanya kukosha inobatsira pane leaching kinetics. Oxidizing agents anogona kushandura zvimwe zvakadzikiswa zvinhu muore kuita oxidized mafomu, zvichisimudzira kunyungudika kwegoridhe.

5. Zvidzidzo Zvenyaya

Mumugodhi wegoridhe muGansu, iyo yese - slime cyanidation process ye arsenic - antimony vein - yakaparadzirwa mhando yegoridhe ore yakagadziridzwa. Kuburikidza nealkaline leaching pretreatment neNaOH, kukwenenzvera kutsetseka, alkaline leaching concentration, nguva, uye tembiricha, uyezve kuita cyanidation neakakodzera NaCN concentration uye cyanidation nguva, cyanide leaching rate yakawedzera kubva yekutanga 47.62% kusvika 85.04%. Mune imwe nyaya, mune dhipoziti yegoridhe ine yakaoma ore kuumbwa, mushure mekutanga acid uye kugocha pretreatment, uyezve kugadzirisa iyo Cyanidation Conditions, chiyero chekudzorera goridhe chakavandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye kushandiswa kwecyanide kwakaderedzwa zvinobudirira.

6. Mhedziso

Kugadzirisa zvese - slime cyanidation process ye arsenic - antimony vein - yakaparadzirwa mhando yegoridhe ores inzira inoshanda yekuvandudza goridhe kudhirowa uye kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira. Nekusarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirira senge alkaline leaching, acid pretreatment, uye kugocha pretreatment, uye optimize cyanidation mamiriro anosanganisira cyanide concentration, pH kukosha, cyanidation nguva, uye kushandisa oxidizing agents, kuvandudzwa kwakakosha kunogona kuwanikwa muchiyero chegoridhe leaching uye kushandisa reagent. Yakasiyana migodhi yegoridhe inofanirwa kusarudza nzira dzekugadzirisa zvinoenderana neayo ore maitiro kuti vawane zvakanakisa zvehupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza.