International Trade Regulations yeSodium Cyanide: Kunzwisisa Zvinodiwa Zvekuteerera Munyika Dzakasiyana

ziviso

Sodium cyanide , kemikari ine chepfu yakawanda, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sekuchera goridhe, electroplating, uye organic synthesis. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekutyisidzira kwayo hutano hwevanhu nezvakatipoteredza, nyika pasi rose dzakaisa mitemo yakasimba uye yakadzama paInternational Trade of Sodium Cyanide . Kunzwisisa mitemo iyi hakusi kungori kiyi yekuona kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekutengeserana asiwo chinodiwa chisingadzivisiki chekuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza pasi rose uye hutano hwevanhu.

Hunhu hweSodium Cyanide uye Kutarisisa Kwekutengesa Njodzi

Sodium cyanide ipurasitiki chena kana upfu, inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, ine hwema hushoma hwema hwearumondi. Ine chepfu yakanyanya. Kufema, kunwa, kana kusangana neganda nevanhu zvishoma kunogona kuuraya, uye zvinogonawo kukonzera kusvibiswa kusingagadzirisiki kuvhu nemvura iri munzvimbo. Munguva yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese, kana kurongedza kusina kunaka, kutakurwa kusiri pamutemo, kana kuchengetwa kusina kunaka, kana kudonha kwemvura kwaitika, zvichakonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru nei nyika dzichikoshesa zvikuru kutarisirwa kwekutengeserana kwe sodium cyanide.

Zvinodiwa Zvekutevedzera Munyika Huru neNzvimbo

nyika dzakabatana

United States ine hurongwa hwakaoma uye hwakasimba hwekutonga kupinza Sodium cyanide . Vanopinza zvinhu vanofanira kutanga vazivisa kupinza kwemakemikari akakodzera kuUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uye vatevedzere zviri muToxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), vachipa ruzivo rwakadzama nezvechigadzirwa, kusanganisira kuumbwa, kushandiswa, maitiro ekugadzira, nezvimwewo. Mukubatanidza kwekutakura, inofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yekutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi yakagadzirwa neUS Department of Transportation (DOT). Kune mitemo yakajeka yezvinhu zvekurongedza, mamakisi, uye Zvinodiwa zvemotokari dzekutakura. Panyaya yekuchengetedza zvinhu, sodium cyanide inofanirwa kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa zvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza uye inofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, vanopinza zvinhu vanofanirawo kugadzira hurongwa hwakazara hwekupindura nekukurumidza kuti vagadzirise kudonha kwemvura, tsaona, nezvimwe zviitiko.

European Union

IEuropean Union inoomerera kune yakabatana uye yakakwirira-yakajairwa musimboti mumutemo wekutengesa we sodium cyanide. Zvinoenderana neEU yemakemikari manejimendi mirau (REACH), mabhizinesi anotumira sodium cyanide kuEU anofanirwa kupedzisa kunyoresa kumberi uye nekupa yakazara makemikari ekuchengetedza data bepa (SDS), inovhara muviri nemakemikari zvivakwa, toxicological data, kwezvakatipoteredza kukanganisa, uye rumwe ruzivo. Panyaya yekufambisa, tevera Chibvumirano cheEuropean chine chekuita neInternational Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Pane zvirambidzo zvakasimba pamotokari dzekufambisa, zvikwaniriso zvevatyairi, uye kuronga nzira dzekufambisa. Nyika dzeEU dzinewo maitiro akasimba emvumo yekuvaka nekushanda kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera sodium cyanide, inoda matanho ekuchengetedza akawanda ekudzivirira kubuda uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Panguva imwecheteyo, EU inokurudzira mabhizinesi kutora dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka kuderedza njodzi dzinounzwa nekushandiswa kwesodium cyanide.

China

Semugadziri mukuru uye mushandisi wesodium cyanide, China zvakare inoisa tarisiro yakasimba pamusoro pekutengeserana kwayo kwenyika dzese. Kupinza sodium cyanide kunoda kukumbira zvibvumirano kubva kumadhipatimendi akawanda akadai setsika nedhipatimendi rekukurumidzira, richipa ruzivo rwakadzama rwebhizinesi, kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa, matanho ekuchengetedza vimbiso, uye mamwe magwaro. Munguva yekufambisa, nyatso shandisa "Mitemo paSafety Management yeHazardous Chemicals." Mabhizinesi ezvekufambisa anofanirwa kunge aine zvitupa zvehunyanzvi, uye mota dzakashongedzerwa nemichina yekukurumidzira inorasa uye zviratidzo zvekunyevera. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinoda kusangana nemitemo yekugadzirwa kwedziviriro, kuita munhu-vaviri, kaviri-kukiya manejimendi system, uye kunyora nemazvo kupinda nekubuda kwesodium cyanide. Kune zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, mabhizinesi anofanirwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa nenyika inopinza uye kutevedzera zvinoenderana neChinese mirairo yekudzora kunze kwenyika kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyerera kuri pamutemo uye kwakachengeteka kwesodium cyanide.

Dzimwe Nyika uye Matunhu

Japan inoshandisa hurongwa hwakasimba hwekupa marezinesi ekupinza sodium cyanide, ichida vanopinda kunze kwenyika kuti varatidze kuti vane chengetedzo, kushandisa, nekurasa kwakaringana, uye panguva imwecheteyo vachitevedzera maitiro ekuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza. Australia, kune rumwe rutivi, inodzora kutengeswa kwesodium cyanide maererano neIndustrial Chemicals (Import and Export) Act. Mukufambisa, kuchengetedza, uye zvimwe zvinhu, inosimbisa kuenderana nemaitiro epasirese akanakisa kuita kuchengetedza. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwezvivakwa uye masimba ekutonga, zvinodikanwa zvekutengesa kwesodium cyanide mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica zvakare zvinosiyana, asi kazhinji, kuedza kwekutonga kuri kusimbiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kudzora njodzi kubva kwainosuka.

Countermeasures uye Mazano

Kune mabhizinesi ari kuita kutengeserana kwepasi rose kwesodium cyanide, kutsvagisa kwakadzama pamitemo yemusika unotangwa ndiro basa rekutanga. Vanogona kuumba timu yehunyanzvi inodzora nyaya kana kuvimba nemasangano ekunze ekubvunza. Gadzira yakakwana yemhando yekutonga system kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvinongedzo kubva pakutenga, kugadzirwa kusvika pakutakura uye kutakura zvinoteerana nezvinodiwa zvemutemo. Simbisa kudzidziswa kwevashandi kuwedzera ruzivo rwekuchengetedza uye hunyanzvi hwekuita uye kuderedza njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwevanhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, shingairira kuongorora uye kutora tekinoroji dzakachengeteka uye dzine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye dzimwe nzira, zvinoenderana nemaitiro epasi rose ekukura kwegirinhi, uye kuderedza kutsamira pamakemikari ane njodzi.

mhedziso

Mitemo yekutengeserana kwenyika dzese ye sodium cyanide yakaoma uye yakasiyana-siyana pasi rose. Nyika dzakagadzira zvinodiwa zvakadzama zveKutevedzera mitemo zvichibva pamamiriro avo enyika uye kufunga nezvekuchengetedzwa. Makambani ekutengeserana anogona kuwana budiriro inoenderera mberi yekutengeserana kwe sodium cyanide uku vachiona kuchengetedzeka uye pamwe chete vachichengetedza nharaunda yepasi rose nehupenyu hwevanhu nehutano.