Dhaqanka Wax-soo-saarka ee Biyaha Waste-biyoodka Sodium Cyanide ee Hydrogen Peroxide

Hordhac

Sodium cyanide waa kiimiko aad u sun ah oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo warshadaha sida macdan qodista, electroplating, iyo isku-darka kiimikada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka soo baxa hababkan waxay ka kooban yihiin xaddi badan oo cyanide ah, taas oo khatar weyn ku ah deegaanka iyo caafimaadka aadanaha haddii aan si habboon loo daweyn. Daaweynta hydrogen peroxide waxay soo baxday hab wax ku ool ah oo ammaan ah oo wax looga qabanayo -Sodium Cyanide - oo ka kooban biyaha wasakhda ah. Maqaalkani wuxuu ku saabsan yahay habka wax soo saarka ee isticmaalka Hydrogen Peroxide si loogu daaweeyo biyaha wasakhda ah, isagoo daboolaya dhinacyada mabaadi'da falcelinta ilaa hababka hawlgalka dhabta ah.

Mabaadi'da falcelinta

Oxidation of Cyanide by Hydrogen Peroxide

Falcelinta u dhaxaysa hydrogen peroxide iyo Sodium Cyanide waa hab lagu yareeyo oksaydhka. Xal biyood ah, hydrogen peroxide wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii wakiil oksaydheyn ah. Waxay oksaydhaysaa ion-ka cyanide una beddeshaa walxo aan sun ahayn. Xaaladaha ku habboon, hydrogen peroxide wuxuu jebiyaa xiriirka xooggan ee ku jira ion-ka cyanide. Kaarboonka ku jira cyanide-ka ayaa oksaydh noqdaa xaalad oksaydheyn oo sareysa, taasoo sameysa ion aan waxyeello lahayn, nitrogen-na waxaa loo sii daayaa gaas ahaan. Falcelintani waa mid muhiim ah maadaama ay si weyn u yareyso sunta biyaha wasakhda ah.

Doorka wax-soo-saarka (ikhtiyaar)

Xaaladaha qaarkood, kicinta ayaa lagu dari karaa si loo dedejiyo falcelinta u dhaxaysa hydrogen peroxide iyo cyanide. Tusaale ahaan, aions biraha kala-guurka qaarkood waxay u dhaqmi karaan sidii kicinta hab-fal-celin la mid ah fal-celinta Fenton. Xoojiyayaashu waxay hoos u dhigaan xannibaadda tamarta falcelinta, taas oo u oggolaanaysa oksaydhka cyanide in ay si dhakhso ah ugu dhacdo heerkul hoose iyo isticmaalka hydrogen peroxide yar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la isticmaalayo kicinta, arrimaha ay ka mid yihiin qadarka kicinta lagu daray, xakamaynta pH, iyo wasakhowga sare ee suurtogalka ah ee ka iman kara hadhaaga kicinta ayaa u baahan in si taxadar leh loo tixgeliyo.

Socodka Habraaca Dhaqanka Wax-soo-saarka

Kahortagga biyaha wasakhda

Kahor daaweynta hydrogen peroxide, sodium cyanide - oo ka kooban biyaha wasakhda ah badanaa waxay u baahan tahay daaweyn hore. Tallaabadani waxay higsaneysaa in qiimaha pH ee biyaha wasakhda ah lagu hagaajiyo heer ku habboon. Caadiyan, pH waxaa loo hagaajiyaa xaalad yar oo alkaline ah, qiyaastii 8 - 10. Tani waa sababta oo ah Falgalka Oxidation ee u dhexeeya hydrogen peroxide iyo cyanide ayaa ka waxtar badan deegaanka alkaline. Intaa waxaa dheer, daaweynta hore waxaa ku jiri kara ka saarista wasakhda weyn, adkeysiga la hakiyey, iyo walxaha kale ee carqaladeyn kara habka daaweynta ee xiga. Hababka sifeynta sida shaandheeyayaasha ciidda ama shaandheeyayaasha xuubka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa ujeeddadaas.

Ku darida Hydrogen Peroxide

Xaddiga ku habboon ee hydrogen peroxide ayaa markaa lagu daraa biyaha wasakhda ah ee hore loo daaweeyay. Qiyaasta hydrogen peroxide waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo heerka cyanide ee ku jira biyaha wasakhda ah. Guud ahaan, xisaabinta waxaa marka hore la sameeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo falcelinta kiimikada. Laakiin wax soo saarka dhabta ah, badanaa waxaa lagu daraa xaddi badan oo hydrogen peroxide ah si loo hubiyo oksaydheynta oo dhammaystiran ee cyanide. Xoogga hydrogen peroxide ee loo isticmaalo codsiyada warshadaha badanaa waa inta u dhaxaysa 30% - 50%. Ku darista hydrogen peroxide waxaa lagu gaari karaa bambooyin cabbir ah, kuwaas oo si sax ah u xakameyn kara heerka socodka iyo xaddiga hydrogen peroxide ee galaya haanta Daaweynta Biyaha Qashinka.

Falcelinta iyo isku dhafka

Ka dib marka lagu daro hydrogen peroxide, biyaha wasakhda ah waxay u baahan yihiin in si fiican loo qaso si loo hubiyo xitaa xiriirka ka dhexeeya hydrogen peroxide iyo cyanide. Isku darka waxaa lagu gaari karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo kiciyeyaasha farsamada, hawo-qasiyeyaasha la wado, ama isku darka labadaba. Waqtiga falcelinta way kala duwan tahay iyadoo ku xiran arrimo ay ka mid yihiin uruurinta cyanide-ka hore, heerkulka, iyo joogitaanka kicinta. Guud ahaan, wakhtiga falcelinta waxay u dhaxaysaa dhawr saacadood ilaa dhawr iyo toban saacadood. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, heerkulka falcelinta ayaa sidoo kale ah arrin muhiim ah. Inkasta oo fal-celintu ay ku dhici karto heerkulka qolka, kordhinta heerkulka xadka dhexdiisa (badanaa aan ka badnayn 50 ° C) waxay soo dedejin kartaa heerka falcelinta. Si kastaba ha noqotee, heerkulka aadka u sarreeya wuxuu sababi karaa burburka hydrogen peroxide, hoos u dhigista waxtarkiisa daaweynta cyanide.

Daawaynta ka dib

Marka falcelintu dhammaato, tillaabooyinka daawaynta ka dib ayaa lagama maarmaan ah. Mid ka mid ah qodobbada muhiimka ah ee boostada - tillaabooyinka daawaynta waa ka saarida hadhaaga hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide ee xad-dhaafka ah ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay waxay waxyeello u geysan kartaa deegaanka waxayna sidoo kale faragelin kartaa hababka daaweynta bayoolojiga ee xiga haddii biyaha wasakhda ah lagu sii daweynayo habka daaweynta noolaha. Hadhaaga hydrogen peroxide waxaa lagu burburin karaa iyada oo lagu daro walxaha yareeya sida sodium sulfite ama iyadoo la adeegsanayo hababka kala-goynta. Ka dib marka la saaro hadhaaga hydrogen peroxide, biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay ayaa markaa maraa kala soocid adag - dareeraha si ay meesha uga saaraan wax kasta oo da'aya ama adkaha adag ee la sameeyay inta lagu jiro habka daaweynta. Taangiyada sedimentation, qalabka sabbaynaya, ama unugyada sifaynta ayaa loo isticmaali karaa tan. Ugu dambeyntii, biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay ayaa la falanqeynayaa si loo hubiyo in uruurinta cyanide ay la kulanto heerarka dheecaanka ee habboon.

Qodobbada Muhiimka ah ee Saameynaya Waxtarka Daaweynta

Qiimaha pH

Sidii hore loo sheegay, qiimaha pH ee biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa saameyn weyn ku leh waxtarka daaweynta hydrogen peroxide. Deegaanka acidic ah, hydrogen peroxide ayaa laga yaabaa inay si dhakhso ah u jajabiso biyaha iyo ogsijiinta, taas oo yaraynaysa awoodda ay u leedahay inay oxidize cyanide. Dhanka kale, deegaan alkaliin aad u sarreeya, heerka falcelinta u dhexeeya hydrogen peroxide iyo cyanide ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa inay saameyso. Kala duwanaanshaha pH ee ugu fiican ee falcelinta u dhaxaysa hydrogen peroxide iyo cyanide waxay badanaa ku dhowdahay 8 - 10. halkaas oo fal-celintu si hufan u socon karto oo burburka hydrogen peroxide la yareeyo.

Heerkulka

Heerkulka ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara xawaaraha falcelinta. Korodhka heerkulka guud ahaan waxa uu dedejiyaa falcelinta ka dhaxaysa hydrogen peroxide iyo cyanide. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka heerkulku kordho, burburka hydrogen peroxide sidoo kale wuxuu noqdaa mid aad u muhiim ah. Marka heerkulku ka sarreeyo 50°C, burburka hydrogen peroxide wuxuu noqon karaa mid aad u degdeg badan oo hoos u dhigaya qadarka hydrogen peroxide ee diyaar u ah oxidizing cyanide. Sidaa darteed, wax soo saarka wax ku oolka ah, heerkulka wuxuu u baahan yahay in si taxadar leh loo xakameeyo gudaha qiyaas macquul ah si loo dheellitiro heerka falcelinta iyo xasilloonida hydrogen peroxide.

Isku-duubnaanta Cyanide iyo Hydrogen Peroxide

Isku-duubnaanta hore ee cyanide ee biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa go'aamisa qadarka hydrogen peroxide ee loo baahan yahay oksaydheynta dhamaystiran. Heerarka sare ee cyanide waxay u baahan yihiin hydrogen peroxide dheeraad ah. Haddii qiyaasta hydrogen peroxide ay ku filnaan weydo, oksaydhka cyanide wuxuu noqon doonaa mid aan dhamaystirnayn, taasoo keentay in biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay oo aan buuxin heerarka. Taa bedelkeeda, ku darida hydrogen peroxide oo aad u badan kaliya maaha inay kordhiso kharashka daaweynta laakiin sidoo kale waxay u baahan tahay daweyn adag oo post ah - daaweyn si meesha looga saaro xad-dhaafka. Sidaa darteed, si sax ah loo go'aamiyo diiradda cyanide ee biyaha wasakhda ah iyo si habboon u habeynta qiyaasta hydrogen peroxide waxay lagama maarmaan u tahay daaweynta waxtarka leh.

Daraasadda Kiis ee Warshadaha Macdanta

Hawlgalka macdanta dahabka, xaddi badan oo sodium cyanide ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa habka soo saarista dahabka, taas oo dhalinaysa xaddi badan oo cyanide ah - oo ay ku jiraan biyaha wasakhda ah. Miinadu waxay qaadatay hab daawaynta ku salaysan hydrogen peroxide. Marka hore, biyaha wasakhda ah waxaa lagu soo ururiyay haan weyn oo kayd ah. pH ee biyaha wasakhda ah waxaa lagu hagaajiyay 9 iyadoo la isticmaalayo lime. Kadib, 35% hydrogen peroxide ayaa lagu daray biyaha wasakhda iyada oo loo marayo bamka cabbirka. Qadarka dheeriga ah waxaa lagu xisaabiyay iyadoo lagu salaynayo fiirsashada cyanide ee biyaha wasakhda ah, iyada oo xoogaa xad dhaaf ah si loo hubiyo oksaydheynta dhamaystiran.

Biyaha wasakhda ah ayaa la isku qasay iyadoo la isticmaalayo kiciye makaanik ah muddo 8 saacadood ah. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, heerkulka habka falcelinta ayaa lagu ilaalinayay agagaarka 35 ° C iyada oo loo marayo habka qaboojinta iyo kuleylka. Fal-celinta ka dib, sodium sulfite ayaa lagu daray si ay u jajabiso hadhaaga hydrogen peroxide. Biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay ayaa markaa loo diray haanta wasakhaysan si ay u kala soocaan dareeraha adag. Natiijooyinku waxay muujiyeen in fiirsashada cyanide ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee la daweeyay ay hoos uga dhacday qiimihii hore ee 500 mg/L in ka yar 0.5 mg/L, oo ​​buuxinaysa heerarka deegaanka ee deegaanka. Kiiskan ayaa muujinaya waxtarka habka daaweynta hydrogen peroxide ee goob warshadeed oo dhab ah.

Ugu Dambeyn

Daaweynta hydrogen peroxide ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee Sodium Cyanide waa hab wax ku ool ah oo wax ku ool ah oo wax soo saarka warshadaha ah. Iyadoo la fahmayo mabaadi'da falcelinta, hagaajinta socodka habka, iyo xakamaynta arrimaha muhiimka ah sida pH, heerkulka, iyo qiyaasta reagent-ka, daaweynta tayada sare leh ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee ka kooban cyanide ayaa la gaari karaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la socodka iyo hagaajinta joogtada ah ayaa loo baahan yahay inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka si loo hubiyo hufnaanta daaweynta ee deggan iyo u hoggaansanaanta xeerarka deegaanka. Marka shuruudaha deegaanku ay sii kordhayaan, habka daaweynta hydrogen peroxide ee biyaha wasakhda ah ee sodium cyanide ayaa la filayaa inuu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaro ilaalinta deegaanka deegaanka.