Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Khauta ea Cyanidation Leaching

Khauta cyanidation, ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea hydrometallurgical, e bile lejoe la motheo la ho ntsha kgauta ka lilemo tse fetang lekholo ho tloha khoebong ea eona ka bo-1890. Sengoliloeng sena se shebisisa mekhoa ea mantlha ea lik'hemik'hale le ea 'mele e ts'ehetsang ts'ebetso ea cyanidation leaching ea khauta, e fanang ka kutloisiso e felletseng ea mokhoa ona oa bohlokoa indastering ea merafo ea khauta.

Liphetoho tsa Lik'hemik'hale: Pelo ea Cyanidation

Mokhoa oa cyanidation o itšetlehile ka reactivity e ikhethang ea khauta boteng ba li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) le oxidant, hangata oksijene e tsoang moeeng. Karabelo ea mantlha ea lik'hemik'hale e ka akaretsoa ka tsela e latelang: Li-moles tse 'ne tsa khauta (Au), li sebetsana le li-moles tse robeli tsa Sodium cyanide (NaCN), mole e le 'ngoe ea oksijene (O₂) e tsoang moeeng, le li-moles tse peli tsa metsi (H₂O), li hlahisa li-moles tse' nè tsa sodium dicyanoaurate (I) (Na[Au (CN) ₂]) le li-moles tse 'nè tsa sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Karabelong ena, liathomo tsa khauta li tšeloa oxidation ho boemo ba +1 oxidation mme li theha dicyanoaurate(I) complexes tse tsitsitseng \([Au(CN)_2]^- \). Li-ion tsa cyanide li sebetsa e le li-agent tse rarahaneng, li tsitsisa li-ion tsa khauta ka tharollo, ha oksijene e sebetsa e le e amohelang elektronike, e tsamaisang oxidation ea khauta. Mokhoa ona oa ho kopanya redox o thusa ho qhibiliha ha khauta ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho tsoa ho ores ea eona, leha e le tlase haholo. cyanide likhakanyo (0.01 - 0.1%).

Mekhoa ea 'Mele: Phetisetso ea Boholo le Leaching Kinetics

Ka ntle ho lik'hemik'hale, katleho ea cyanidation ea khauta e laoloa ke mekhoa ea 'mele e kang ho fetisa bongata le ho hasana. Kakaretso ea sekhahla sa leaching e susumetsoa ke ho hasana ha li-reactants (cyanide le oxygen) ho bokaholimo ba khauta le ho hasana ha metsoako ea dicyanoaurate e entsoeng ho tloha holimo. Ho latela mohlala oa mantlha oa ho honyela, leaching ea khauta e etsahala ka mehato e meraro e latellanang:

1. Phetiso ea bongata ba kantle: Cyanide le oksijene li phatlalla le lera la moeli le pota-potileng karolo ea khauta.

2. Boitšoaro ba bokaholimo: Oxidation le ho rarahana ho etsahala ho sebopeho sa tharollo sa khauta.

3. Phatlalatso ka hare: Lintho tse entsoeng ka khauta - cyanide complexes li hasana ka ntle ho karoloana. Mehato e liehang ka ho fetisisa ho tsena ke eona e khethollang sekhahla sa kakaretso sa leaching, hangata e le phetiso ea boima ba kantle kapa karabelo ea bokaholimo, ho latela maemo a ts'ebetso.

Lintlha tse nang le Tšusumetso ho Matla a Cyanidation

Lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa li ama haholo ts'ebetso ea khauta ea cyanidation:

• Motsoako oa Cyanide: Ho hlokahala cyanide e lekaneng ho etsa li-complexes tse tsitsitseng, empa chelete e ngata haholo e ka lebisa litšenyehelong tse eketsehileng le mathata a tikoloho. Maemo a nepahetseng a fapana ho ipapisitsoe le litšobotsi tsa ore.

• Ho fumaneha ha Oksijene: Phepelo e lekaneng ea oksijene e bohlokoa molemong oa karabelo ea oxidation. Ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea moea, joalo ka ho ferekana ha mochini kapa moea o phoroselang, o sebelisoa ho matlafatsa phetiso ea oksijene.

• Taolo ea pH: Ts'ebetso ka tloaelo e etsoa ka pH e phahameng (9 - 11) ho hatella sebopeho sa khase e chefo ea hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Lime hangata li sebelisoa ho boloka boemo ba pH bo lakatsehang.

• Ore MineralogyBoteng ba sulfide, k'habonethepa ea aceous, le liminerale tse ling li ka sitisa cyanidation. Mohlala, li-sulfide li ka ja cyanide le oksijene, ha lintho tse nang le carbonaceous li ka monya metsoako ea khauta le cyanide, tsa baka "boimana".

Mekhoa ea ho Ntlafatsa Ts'ebetso ea Cyanidation

Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho ntšoa ha khauta, mekhoa e fapaneng ea ntlafatso e sebelisoa:

• Pele ho kalafo: Ho besoa, oxidation ea khatello, kapa bio-oxidation e ka sebelisoa ho li-refractory ores ho tlosa liminerale tse sitisang le ho pepesa bokaholimo ba khauta.

• Litlatsetso: Metsoako e kang thiourea kapa ammonia e ka eketsoa ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha kapa ho hatella maikutlo a lehlakoreng.

• Moralo oa lisebelisoa tse ntlafalitsoeng: Li-reactors tse tsoetseng pele tse nang le bokhoni bo ntlafalitsoeng ba ho kopanya le ho fetisa batho ka bongata, joalo ka li-reactor tse ferekaneng kapa li-heap-leaching system, li ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea kakaretso.

Qetellong, khauta ea cyanidation leaching ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng empa e sebetsa haholo e kopanyang karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale, phetiso ea boima ba 'mele, le taolo e hlokolosi ea liparamente tse ngata tsa ts'ebetso. Ho utloisisa melaoana ena ea mantlha ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho rala khauta, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea moruo, le ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa tikoloho indastering ea merafo ea khauta. Ha tlhoko ea khauta e ntse e tsoela pele, lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele li shebane le ho nts'etsapele mekhoa ea cyanidation e sebetsang hantle haholoanyane, e tšoarellang, le e baballang tikoloho.