Lisebelisoa tsa Sodium Cyanide ho Indasteri ea Meriana

Sodium cyanide, ka mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale oa NaCN, ke motsoako o mosoeu, o qhibilihang ke metsi, le o chefo haholo. Leha e na le botumo bo bobe ka lebaka la chefo ea eona, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho Indasteri ea Meriana e le reagent ea bohlokoa ea lik'hemik'hale mekhoeng e sa tšoaneng ea maiketsetso.

1. Tšimoloho ea Li-Intermediates

1.1 Cyanohydrin Synthesis

E 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa Sodium cyanide ka synthesis ea meriana ke ho thehoa ha cyanohydrins. Ha aldehyde kapa ketone e arabela ka sodium cyanide ha ho na le sesebelisoa sa asiti se bakang khaello ea asiti (hangata e le asiti e fokolang), cyanohydrin e hlahisoa. Mokhoa oa karabelo o kenyelletsa ho eketsoa ha ion ea cyanide (CN-) ka har'a nucleophilic ho k'habonek'habone ea yl ea aldehyde kapa ketone. Mohlala, tlhahisong ea mandelonitrile, benzaldehyde e arabela ka Sodium cyanide. Boitšoaro bona bo emeloa ka tsela e latelang:

Mandelonitrile le li-cyanohydrin tse ling ke li-intermediate tsa bohlokoa ho kopantsoeng ha meriana e fapaneng. Li ka fetoloa hape ho ba metsoako e nang le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea tlhaho, joalo ka alpha-hydroxy acid le alpha-amino acid, e leng likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa lithethefatsi tse ngata.

1.2 Tšimoloho ea Nitrile

Sodium cyanide le eona e sebelisoa haholo ho kopanya nitrile. Karabelo ea SN2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular), alkyl halides e itšoara ka sodium cyanide ho etsa nitriles. Ka mohlala, ha bromoethane e arabela ka sodium cyanide, propionitrile e thehoa:

Li-nitriles ke li-block tsa kaho tse feto-fetohang tsa k'hemistri ea meriana. Li ka ba hydrolyzed ho li-carboxylic acid, tsa fokotsoa hore e be li-amine, kapa li arabele ka ho eketsehileng ho theha metsoako ea heterocyclic. Lithethefatsi tse ngata li na le lihlopha tse sebetsang tsa nitrile, tse tlatsetsang ho thepa ea bona ea meriana, joalo ka li-antifungal le antibacterial agents.

2. Tlhahiso ea Meriana e Khethehileng

2.1 Tšimoloho ea Cyanocobalamin (Vithamine B12).

Cyanocobalamin, eo hangata e tsejoang e le vithamine B12. ke vithamine ea bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba motho. Ho qaptjoa ha cyanocobalamin ho kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide. Bohatong ba ho qetela ba litsela tse ling tsa maiketsetso, cobalt - e nang le bohareng e sebetsanoa le sodium cyanide ho hlahisa sehlopha sa cyanide, e leng tšobotsi ea cyanocobalamin. Sehlopha sa cyanide se cyanocobalamin se tsitsitse tlas'a maemo a 'mele' me se bapala karolo ea ts'ebetso ea likokoana-hloko ea vithamine. Vithamine B12 e bohlokoa bakeng sa motsoako oa DNA, ts'ebetso ea methapo, le tlhahiso ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, 'me tlhahiso ea eona ea maiketsetso e sebelisa sodium cyanide e thusa ho fihlela tlhoko ea li-supplement tsa lijo le metsoako ea meriana.

2.2 Tšimoloho ea Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa Anti-cancer

Ho nts'etsopele ea lithethefatsi tse ling tse khahlanong le mofetše, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-intermediate tsa bohlokoa. Mohlala, ha ho etsoa metsoako ea li-anti-cancer tsa indole, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa letotong la karabelo ho theha moralo oa limolek'hule. Lihlopha tsa nitrile tse hlahisitsoeng ke sodium cyanide li ka ntlafatsoa hape ho matlafatsa kamano ea moriana bakeng sa lisele tsa mofetše, ho thibela li-enzyme tse amehang kholong ea lisele tsa mofetše, kapa ho sitisa mekhoa ea metabolism ea sele ea mofets'e.

3. Mathata le Litlhokomeliso ho Sebelisa Sodium Cyanide

Tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide indastering ea meriana e tla le mathata a maholo ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e feteletseng. Ho hlokahala mehato e matla ea polokeho ts'ebetsong, polokelong le ts'ebelisong ea eona. Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le basebetsi ba koetlisitsoeng ba bohlokoa ho thibela ho lutla hofe kapa hofe kapa ho pepeseha. Ha ho etsoa tlhahiso, ho kenngoa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea moea ho qoba ho hema ha cyanide leha e le efe - e nang le mosi. Ho feta moo, taolo ea litšila ke karolo ea bohlokoahali. Litšila leha e le life tse nang le sodium cyanide kapa lihlahisoa tsa eona tsa karabelo li tlameha ho tšoaroa ka hloko ho netefatsa polokeho ea tikoloho. Hangata, mekhoa ea oxidation e sebelisoa ho fetolela metsoako ea cyanide e chefo haholo hore e be lintho tse seng kotsi haholo pele li lahla.

4. Menahano ea Bokamoso

Ha indasteri ea meriana e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha, ho batla mekhoa ea maiketsetso e sebetsang hantle le e sireletsehileng e ntse e tsoela pele. Le hoja sodium cyanide e ntse e le reagent ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea morao-rao ea meriana, ho ntse ho etsoa boiteko ba ho hlahisa litsela tse ling tse ka fokotsang kapa tsa felisa tšebeliso ea motsoako ona o chefo haholo. Leha ho le joalo, haufinyane, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso e ikhethang ea sodium cyanide litseleng tse itseng tsa maiketsetso, ho ka etsahala hore e tsoele pele ho bapala karolo ea tlhahiso ea meriana e meng. Patlisiso e kanna ea shebana le ho theha maemo a karabelo a laoloang haholoanyane ho fokotsa likotsi tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea ona le ho fumana li-analogue tse sireletsehileng kapa maano a mang a maiketsetso a ka fihlelang lihlahisoa tse tšoanang tsa meriana ka matšoenyeho a fokotsehileng a chefo.

Qetellong, sodium cyanide, ho sa tsotellehe chefo ea eona, e entse tlatsetso e kholo indastering ea meriana ha ho etsoa lithethefatsi tse sa tšoaneng tsa bohlokoa le li-intermediates. Tšebeliso ea eona e nepahetseng le e sireletsehileng, hammoho le boiteko bo tsoelang pele ba ho fumana mekhoa e meng, e tla ba ea bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea tlhahiso ea meriana.