Iikhemikhali zokukhupha igolide eziphucukileyo zaseVenezuela
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-Orinoco Mining Arc kunye ne-Guiana Shield
United Chemical ibonelela ngobumsulwa obuqinisekisiweyo be-AuCyan™ Sodium Cyanide NaCN (≥98.3%), i-AuCarb™ Gold Recovery Coconut Shell Activated Carbon (≥99% Ubulukhuni), kunye ne-AuLeach™ Gold Leaching Agent (GDA) engenabungozi ukuze inike amandla i-Heap leaching, i-VAT leaching, i-CIP, i-CIL, kunye neesekethe ze-CIC kulo lonke iPhondo laseBolívar kunye necandelo lezemigodi laseVenezuela.

Indawo yokumbiwa kwemigodi yaseVenezuela: Ubutyebi be-Orinoco
Imveliso yegolide yaseVenezuela igxile kakhulu kwi- Orinoco Mining Arc (Arco Minero del Orinoco) , egubungela iindawo ezinkulu zaseBolívar State naseAmazonas. Njengolwandiso lweGuiana Shield, i-geology apha ityebile kakhulu kodwa ifuna ubuchule. Imisebenzi ijongene nomhlaba we-saprolite oxidized kakhulu kunye nomhlaba we-laterite owenza udongwe oluqinileyo nolutyebileyo ngexesha lokucubungula. Ngaphezu koko, ukuthutha iikhemikhali zoshishino ukusuka kunxweme olusemantla eCaribbean ukuya nzulu ngaphakathi kweAmazon ngoMlambo i-Orinoco okanye iindlela ezirhabaxa zehlathi kufuna ukuhamba ngomswakama omkhulu kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ezintsonkothileyo.
Njengomthengisi wemveliso obalaseleyo, ndizingca ngokuthumela kwamanye amazwe I-77 + amazwe ehlabathini lonke, United Chemical Ibonelela iVenezuela ngeziseko zophuhliso zeekhemikhali ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukulawula ezi meko zishushu. Siqonda uxinzelelo lwezinto zokusebenza kunye nokusingqongileyo olusebenza ngaphakathi kwe-Amazon basin, sinikezela ngee-reagents zesiqhelo ezizinzileyo kakhulu kunye nezinye iindlela eziguqukayo ezingenabungozi. I-matrix yethu yemveliso ixhasa ngokupheleleyo I-Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP), i-Carbon-in-Leach (CIL), i-Carbon-in-Column (CIC), i-Heap leaching, kunye ne-Vat leaching iisekethe.
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lwekhonkco lokuhambisa impahla, sisebenza ngokupheleleyo ngokuhambisa impahla elwandle. Sirhweba phantsi kwemigaqo ye-FOB (iizibuko zaseTshayina) okanye i-CIF ngqo kwiingcango ezibalulekileyo zaseVenezuela ezifana nePort of Puerto Cabello kunye nePort of La Guaira . Asizibandakanyi ngokungqongqo iimoto zikaloliwe zamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yemigaqo yezixhobo eziyingozi. Sixhaswa yiMinimum Order Quantity (MOQ) ye- 1x20' FCL , sinikezela ngokusebenza kakuhle ngqo kumzi-mveliso ukuze silinganise iimfuno zakho zemveliso.
1. Ukoyisa iiNgxaki zokuSebenza zaseVenezuela
Iislurries zeSaprolite zodongwe oluphezulu
Iingqimba zomphezulu we-Orinoco Mining Arc zenziwe ngee-saprolites ezixineneyo kakhulu. Ezi ntsimbi zodongwe oluphezulu zenza i-pulp ekrakra kakhulu kwiitanki ze-CIL/CIP. Ukusika okukhulu koomatshini okufunekayo ukuze kushukunyiswe olu daka lukhulu kuyatyumza i-Carbon esebenzayo eqhelekileyo ibe luthuli olucolekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka kwegolide okubi kakhulu.
Ulwakhiwo lweMigodi eNxibeleleneyo yoMlambo i-Inland
Ukuthutha i-DG Class 6.1 cyanide enetyhefu kakhulu ukusuka kwizibuko zaseCaribbean ukuya kwiPhondo laseBolívar elisezantsi kufuna ukuhamba kwiinkqubo zemilambo ezintsonkothileyo kunye neendawo zokuhlola ezijongiweyo kakhulu. Iindleko zokhuseleko nezolawulo zokuthutha iimpahla eziyingozi eVenezuela zinkulu kakhulu.
Ukufuma kweTropiki kunye neHydrolysis
I-Amazon basin ifumana imvula enkulu eshushu. I-Sodium Cyanide epakishwe ngendlela engafanelekanga ifunxa ngokukhawuleza umswakama ovela emoyeni, nto leyo ebangela i-hydrolysis yangaphambi kwexesha. Oku kutshabalalisa amandla e-CN⁻ asebenzayo kwaye kudala iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko ngaphandle kwegesi kwindawo leyo.
2. Unxantathu weGolide: United ChemicalIzisombululo zeVenezuela
I-AuCyan™ Sodium Cyanide NaCN (≥98.3%)
Umgangatho woBumsulwa: ≥98.3%Ukuze kuphuculwe i-kinetics yokunyibilika kwi-viscous Amazonian saprolites, i-AuCyan™ Sodium Cyanide NaCN inika amandla angaqhelekanga eekhemikhali. Siqinisekisa ngokungqongqo ubumsulwa obuncinci be- ≥98.3% (sivavanya rhoqo kwi-98.5%). Olu xinzelelo lungenakuthelekiswa nanto luqinisekisa ukukhutshwa okukhulu kwee-CN⁻ ions zasimahla xa zinyibilika, zisika ukungcola kwesinyithi esisisiseko ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivuno segolide yakho.
📊Iinkcukacha zoBugcisa: Umgangatho woBumsulwa oyi-98.3%
Njengoko zigqwesa imilinganiselo yoshishino, iibhetshi zethu zamva nje zemveliso zihlala zifikelela kumanqanaba "oMgangatho oPhezulu". Apha ngezantsi kukho idatha yokusebenza eqinisekisiweyo (Ref: Batch C050030HS251101).
| Izinto zoVavanyo | Umgangatho (GB/T 19306-2003) | I-AuCyan™ (Eqhelekileyo) | Impembelelo yokuSebenza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isodium Cyanide (NaCN) | ≥ 98.0% | 98.3% | I-kinetics ephezulu yokunyibilika kwegolide kunye namazinga okubuyisela. |
| ISodium Hydroksidi (NaOH) | ≤ 0.5% | 0.13% | Uzinzo oluphezulu lwe-pH; kuthintela i-hydrolysis ngaphambi kwexesha. |
| I-Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) | ≤ 0.5% | 0.18% | Ukuphazamiseka okuncinci kokungcola kwisisombululo sokuvuza. |
| Ukufuma (H2O) | ≤ 0.9% | 0.3% | Ukuqina okuqinileyo ngexesha lokugcina ixesha elide kunye nokuhamba ngolwandle. |
| Izinto ezinganyibilikiyo | ≤ 0.05% | 0.02% | Ifomula ethintela ukuvaleka; ikhusela iimpompo ezibalulekileyo kunye neempumlo. |
Iinkqubo zeMetallurgy ezisebenzayo: Ukucocwa kweHeap, Ukucocwa kweVat, Ukucocwa kweCarbon (CIL), iCarbon-in-Pulp (CIP), iCarbon-in-Column (CIC)
I-AuCarb™ Gold Recovery Coconut Shell Activated Carbon
Ubunzima beBhola-ipani: ≥99%Ukucubungula i-saprolite yodongwe oluphezulu lwe-Guiana Shield kwiitanki ze-CIL/CIP kufuna i-Activated Carbon enokuqina okugqithisileyo kwesakhiwo. I-AuCarb™ Activated Carbon yenziwe nge- Coconut Shell exineneyo kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-activation enamandla yomphunga. Siqinisekisa ubunzima be-ball-pan ye-elite ye- ≥99% , siqinisekisa ukuba ii-granules ze-carbon azikaze ziqhekeke phantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu loomatshini lokushukuma, phantse zisuse ukulahleka kwegolide ye-carbon entle.
📊 Uthotho lwe-AuCarb™: Itheyibhile yokuthelekisa iiParameters eziphambili
Ukuze kube lula inkqubo yokukhetha enobuchule ngakumbi eyenzelwe isekethe yakho yesinyithi, sishwankathele iiparameter zobugcisa eziphambili kwiindidi zethu ezine ze-AuCarb™ eziphambili.
| Ipharamitha yoVavanyo oluPhambili | I-AuCarb™ BC1100 | I-AuCarb™ AC50 | I-AuCarb™ AC55 | I-AuCarb™ AC60 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indawo yokuBekisa iMarike | I-Heap Leach eqhelekileyo / Ukusebenza ngexabiso eliphezulu | Imveliso ethelekiswayo: Jacobi G208AS | Imveliso ethelekiswayo: Jacobi G209AS | Ukhetho oluphambili lwe-Large Scale / Comparable: Jacobi G210AS |
| Uxinzelelo olubonakalayo | 0.40 - 0.50 g/ml | 0.48 - 0.55 g/ml | 0.45 - 0.55 g/ml | 0.45 - 0.55 g/ml |
| Ukuqina kwepani yebhola | ≥ 98.5% | ≥ 99% | ≥ 99% | ≥ 99% |
| Umxholo weeplatelet | ≤ 5% | ≤ 5% | ≤ 5% | ≤ 5% |
| Ukhathalelo | ≤ 2% | ≤ 1.5% | ≤ 2% | ≤ 2% |
| Isiqulatho seAsh iyonke | ≤ 5% | ≤ 3% | ≤ 3% | ≤ 3% |
| ukufuma | ≤ 10% | ≤ 5% | ≤ 5% | ≤ 5% |
| Umthamo Wokutsalwa (Ixabiso le-K) | / | ≥ 26 Kg/t | ≥ 28 Kg/t | ≥ 30 Kg/t |
| Izinga lokufunxa (Ixabiso le-R) | / | ≥ 50% | ≥ 55% | ≥ 60% |
| Inombolo ye-Iodine | ≥ 1100 mg/g | / | / | / |
| Umsebenzi weButane | / | ≥ 19.5% | ≥ 21% | ≥ 23% |
| I-CTC (Umsebenzi weCarbon Tetrachloride) | / | ≥ 50% | ≥ 55% | / |
* Imigangatho yokuSebenza: Ihambelana nemigangatho ye-ASTM yaseMelika kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo lwangaphakathi lwe-AARL. Imveliso iphumelele uhlolo lomntu wesithathu kwaye iisampulu zovavanyo zingabonelelwa xa ziceliwe.
I-AuLeach™ Gold Leaching Agent (GDA) - Ayinabungozi
I-Reagent Engeyiyo IngoziKwiprojekthi zemigodi ezijongene nobunzima bokuthutha iikhemikhali zisiya ngaphakathi eVenezuela, i-AuLeach™ Gold Leaching Agent (GDA) yeyona nto iphambili. Ichazwe ngokusemthethweni kwihlabathi liphela njengekhemikhali engengobungozi , i-AuLeach™ iyawuphepha ngokupheleleyo umthetho weempahla ezinobungozi. Ingathuthwa ngeelori okanye ithunyelwe kuMlambo i-Orinoco njengempahla eqhelekileyo, isusa iindleko ezinkulu kunye nokulibaziseka kwee-escorts zomkhosi kunye neemvume zokungenisa i-DG Class 6.1.
📊 Ulwazi lobuchwephesha lwe-AuLeach™ kunye neenkcukacha
| ye parameter | units | Iinkcukacha eziQinisekisiweyo |
|---|---|---|
| Kubonakala | - | Umgubo oqinileyo |
| Uluhlu lwe-pH yokusebenza | - | 10.5 - 12 |
| Ukugxila kweArhente yokuLeaching | % | 30 |
| UkuPakisha okuMgangatho | Kgs | Ingxowa ye-25Kgs ecocekileyo |
I-Broad Application Spectrum: Isebenza kakhulu kwii-ores eziphambili, ii-oxide ores, ii-semi-oxide ores, ii-sulfide ores, ii-gold concentrates, kunye nee-cyanide tailings kuzo zombini iisekethe ze-Carbon-in-Pulp kunye ne-Pool/Vat leaching.
Akukho zixhobo zeCAPEX: Zihambelana ngokupheleleyo neChilean Heap leaching ekhoyo kunye neziseko zeCIL. Akufuneki ukulungiswa kwakhona koomatshini.
Uthutho Olungenamiqathango: Luthunyelwa kwaye luthuthwa ngeelori njengempahla eqhelekileyo, nto leyo esusa iindleko eziphezulu zeemvume zokungenisa iimpahla eziyingozi kumazibuko afana ne-Antofagasta kunye nee-DG escorts ezikhethekileyo kulo lonke i-Atacama.
Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwiisampulu zakho ze-ore zaseVenezuela
Ngaba i-saprolite yodongwe oluphezulu iyayonakalisa ikhabhoni yakho? Ngaba uthutho lwangaphakathi luyayifutha i-OPEX yakho? Simema iingcali zesinyithi zaseVenezuela, abaLawuli bezityalo, kunye nabaPhathi beeNkonzo ukuba bavavanye umgangatho wethu weekhemikhali ngokuzimeleyo.
📌 Ukufumaneka kweSampulu yeLebhu yasimahla:
United Chemical ngeqhayiya ibonelela ngeesampulu zovavanyo lwelebhu zasimahla kuphela I-AuCarb™ Gold Recovery Coconut Shell Activated Carbon kwaye i I-AuLeach™ Gold Leaching Agent (GDA) - AyinabungoziYenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwe-bottle roll kunye neekholamu ukuqinisekisa iingenelo zethu ze-kinetic ngaphambi kokuba ufake i-bulk order.
* Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngobuninzi kwezorhwebo kwihlabathi liphela kuqala kwi-Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ) ye-1x20' FCL ngemigaqo ye-FOB okanye ye-CIF yolwandle.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo: I-Venezuelan Metallurgy kunye neLogistics

Fumana iimpendulo ezicacileyo neziqhutywa ziingcali kwimibuzo eqhelekileyo yobugcisa kunye neyothutho malunga neekhemikhali zethu zokukhupha igolide eVenezuela.
1. I-AuCyan™ ikuthintela njani ukuwohloka komoya kumswakama ogqithisileyo weBolívar State?
I-AuCyan™ ithintela ukuwohloka komswakama ngokusebenzisa indlela yayo yokufuma ephantsi kakhulu (≤0.3%) kunye nokupakisha okukhethekileyo okuqinisekiswa yi-UN. Imvula eninzi kwi-Orinoco basin inokubangela ukuba i-cyanide inyibilike kwaye ilahlekelwe ngamandla. Sipakisha ii-briquettes zethu kwiidrama zentsimbi ezitywiniweyo ezingama-50kg okanye kwiibhokisi zokhuni eziqinisiweyo eziyi-1,000kg, nganye ine-liner yangaphakathi yePolyethylene (PE) evaliweyo, evaliweyo ukuze ivale ngokupheleleyo umswakama womoya ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa kwehlathi.
2. Ngawaphi amazibuko aselwandle aseVenezuela owasebenzisayo xa uhambisa iimpahla zeCIF?
Ngokuyintloko sisebenzisa iPort of Puerto Cabello kunye nePort of La Guaira ukuhanjiswa kweenqanawa zeCIF eVenezuela. Ezi zibuko zisebenza njengeendawo zorhwebo eziphambili zelizwe, zibonelela ngeziseko zophuhliso ezizinzileyo zeekhemikhali zoshishino. Nje ukuba zisuswe kwizibuko, ukuthutha iilori ngaphakathi elizweni ukuya kwi-Orinoco Mining Arc kulawulwa yiarhente yakho yezothutho yendawo emiselweyo.
3. Kutheni i-≥99% yobunzima ibalulekile kwi-activated carbon kwi-Orinoco Mining Arc?
Umlinganiselo wobunzima obuyi-≥99% uthintela i-activated carbon ekubeni icolwe ibe luthuli olucolekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-saprolite slurries enobunkunkqele obutyebileyo nodongwe. Ukuba i-carbon yakho ithambile, ukushukunyiswa okukhulu kwe-impeller okufunekayo kwiitanki ze-CIL/CIP kuya kuyicola, kuthwale igolide yakho efunxwe ngqo kwidama leentsalela. Ukuqina okugqithisileyo kwesakhiwo se-AuCarb™ kuqinisekisa ukuba akukho lahleko.
4. Ngaba i-AuLeach™ GDA ihlelwa njengekhemikhali eyingozi engeniswa eVenezuela?
Hayi, i-AuLeach™ ibekwe ngokusemthethweni kwihlabathi liphela njengekhemikhali engeyiyo ingozi. Oku kuvumela imisebenzi yemigodi yaseVenezuela ukuba idlule kwimiqathango yokungenisa impahla eyingozi (DG Class 6.1) kwizibuko, isusa imfuneko yokuba kubekho ii-escorts zomkhosi ezintsonkothileyo kunye nemvume engqongqo yokusingqongileyo efunekayo ukuthutha i-cyanide yendabuko iye kwi-Amazon.
5. Ngaba kukho naziphi na iindleko zeCAPEX zokutshintsha ukusuka kwiCyanide ukuya kwi-AuLeach™?
Akukho zindleko zeCAPEX ezifunekayo kuba i-AuLeach™ yenzelwe ukuba ithathe indawo ye-100% yokungena. Abaphathi bezityalo akufuneki bathenge iitanki ezintsha zokukhupha amanzi, batshintshe iinkqubo zabo zokunkcenkceshela nge-Heap leach, okanye batshintshe iisekethe zabo zokukhupha amanzi nge-carbon. Utshintsha nje i-cyanide nge-AuLeach™ ngqo kwinkqubo.
6. Zeziphi iintlobo zeentsimbi ezikwiGuiana Shield ezinokucutshungulwa kusetyenziswa i-AuLeach™?
I-AuLeach™ inoluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezicelo. Ngokwe-Technical Data Sheet yayo, isebenza kakhulu kwii-ores eziphambili, ii-oxide ores, ii-semi-oxide ores, ii-sulfide ores, ii-gold concentrate, kunye nee-cyanide tailings kuzo zombini iinkqubo ze-Carbon-in-Pulp kunye ne-pool leaching.
7. Iilebhu zesinyithi zaseVenezuela zivavanya njani uxinaniso lwe-AuLeach™?
Iilabhoratri zivavanya uxinaniso lwe-AuLeach™ ngendlela eqhelekileyo ye-chemical titration. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-analytical grade silver nitrate complexing agent kunye ne-rhodanine indicator. Ngexesha le-titration, isisombululo sitshintsha ukusuka kumthubi ukuya kubomvu, kwaye ii-milliliters ze-complexing agent ezisetyenzisiweyo zibonisa ngokuchanekileyo uxinaniso olusebenzayo lwe-reagent.
8. Luluphi uluhlu lwe-pH olufanelekileyo lokusebenzisa i-AuLeach™ kwiisekethe zokuleaching?
Uluhlu lwe-pH oluqinisekisiweyo lokusebenza lwe-AuLeach™ luphakathi kwe-10.5 kunye ne-12. Oku kuhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neesekethe ze-cyanidation zemveli, oko kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi bezityalo banokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ilayimu emanzi eqhelekileyo ukulawula i-slurry alkalinity ngaphandle kokutshintsha iinkqubo zabo zangoku.
9. Ngaba nibonelela ngothutho lukaloliwe oluya ngqo eVenezuela oluya emhlabeni okanye oluya kumazwe ngamazwe?
Hayi, siyakuthintela ngokungqongqo ukusetyenziswa kothutho lukaloliwe lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiimveliso zethu zamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yemithetho enzima yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe elawula iikhemikhali eziyingozi kunye nokungabikho kweziseko zophuhliso zoololiwe ezisebenza kakuhle, siqinisekisa uthungelwano lwethu lokubonelela kuphela ngokuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina zaselwandle (i-FOB okanye i-CIF) ukuya kumazibuko aseVenezuela.
10. Ingakanani iMinimum Order Quantity (MOQ) yokuthumela ngaphandle eVenezuela?
Ubungakanani bethu obungqongqo be-Oda (MOQ) yi-1x20' FCL (Umthwalo opheleleyo weContainer). Le migaqo-nkqubo isebenza ngokubanzi kwi-AuCyan™, AuCarb™, kunye ne-AuLeach™ ukuqinisekisa amaxabiso ngqo avela kumzi-mveliso, ukukhusela ukuthembeka kokupakishwa, kunye nokuphucula iindleko zokuthutha iimpahla zaselwandle.
11. Ingaba kwenzeka njani United Chemical ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwekhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla eVenezuela?
Siqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwekhonkco lokubonelela ngombane ngokwenza zonke iintengiselwano phantsi kwemiqathango engqongqo ye-FOB okanye ye-CIF yolwandle. Sisebenza kuphela nge-1x20' FCL minimums kunye nokupakishwa okuqinisekiswe yi-UN, siqinisekisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eyingozi elwandle kuphathwa kuphela ziindlela zokuthumela iimpahla zamazwe ngamazwe eziya ngqo kumazibuko aseVenezuela, sidlulisa uxanduva lokuthutha impahla ngaphakathi elizweni ngokucocekileyo kwiiarhente zasekhaya zomthengi.
- Umxholo ongaqhelekanga
- Umxholo oshushu
- Umxholo wophononongo oshushu
- ISATIFIKETI SENKQUBO YEMPILO NOKHUSELEKO LOMSEBENZI
- I-Booster (Ukuqhumisa iziqhushumbisi ezingavaniyo)
- I-Potassium Permanganate - iBanga loShishino
- I-Phosphoric Acid 85% (ibakala lokutya)
- 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA)
- I-99% yokutya kwezilwanyana eyongezelelweyo i-DL Methionine
- I-99.9% yePurity Ethyl Acetate
- 1I-Sodium Cyanide enesaphulelo (i-CAS: 143-33-9) kwiMigodi - uMgangatho oPhezulu kunye neXabiso lokuKhuphisana
- 2I-Sodium Cyanide 98.3% CAS 143-33-9 I-arhente yokugquma yegolide ye-NaCN Essential for Mining Chemical Industries
- 3Imithetho emitsha yaseTshayina kwi-Sodium Cyanide Exports kunye neSikhokelo kubathengi bamazwe ngamazwe
- 4I-Sodium Cyanide (CAS: 143-33-9) Isatifiketi somsebenzisi wokugqibela (inguqulelo yesiTshayina nesiNgesi)
- 5I-Cyanide yaMazwe ngaMazwe (iSodium cyanide) IKhowudi yoLawulo-IMigangatho yoKwamkelwa koMgodi weGolide
- 6Umzi-mveliso waseTshayina we-Sulfur Acid 98%
- 7I-Anhydrous Oxalic acid 99.6% iBanga loShishino
- 1I-Sodium Cyanide 98.3% CAS 143-33-9 I-arhente yokugquma yegolide ye-NaCN Essential for Mining Chemical Industries
- 2Ukucoceka okuPhezulu · Ukusebenza okuZinzileyo · UBuyiselo obuPhezulu — isodium cyanide yokukhutshwa kwegolide yanamhlanje
- 3Izongezo zeSondlo kwiSarcosine yoKutya 99% min
- 4United Chemical's Iqela loPhando Libonisa iGunya Ngokusebenzisa iDatha-Driven Insights
- 5I-AuCyan™ I-Sodium Cyanide Esebenza Kakhulu | Ubumsulwa be-98.3% kwiMigodi yeGolide yeHlabathi
- 6I-Digital Electronic Detonator (ixesha lokulibazisa 0~ 16000ms)
- 7Amandla aphezulu, i-High-precision Shock Tube Detonator



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