Tsari don Acidification farfadowa da Sodium Cyanide da Karfe Masu nauyi daga Ruwan Sharar gida

Gabatarwa

Ruwan datti mai ɗauke da Cyanide yana samuwa daga hanyoyin masana'antu daban-daban kamar hakar gwal, lantarki, da samar da sinadarai. Saboda yawan guba na cyanide, zubar da wannan ruwan da ba daidai ba zai iya haifar da mummunar gurbata muhalli da cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam. Don haka, jiyya da dawo da albarkatun ruwa mai ɗauke da cyanide sun zama batutuwa masu mahimmanci. Daga cikin hanyoyin magani, Acidification farfadowa da na'ura of sodium Cyanide kuma karafa masu nauyi hanya ce da ake amfani da ita sosai kuma mai inganci, wanda ba wai kawai yana rage haɗarin muhalli ba har ma yana fahimtar sake amfani da albarkatu masu mahimmanci.

Ka'idar farfadowa da Acidification

Canza Cyanide zuwa Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN)

A cikin tsarin acidification, ana ƙara ƙarar acid mai ƙarfi kamar sulfuric acid zuwa ruwan datti mai ɗauke da cyanide. A karkashin yanayin acidic, ions cyanide kyauta a cikin ruwan datti ya canza zuwa hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Hydrogen cyanide abu ne mai canzawa. Lokacin da aka daidaita pH na ruwan sharar gida zuwa ƙananan ƙima, yawanci a ƙasa da 2. amsawar zai fi dacewa da ci gaba, sauƙaƙe jujjuyawar ions cyanide zuwa gas HCN.

Farfadowar Sodium Cyanide

Ana shigar da iskar HCN da aka samar a cikin hasumiya mai ɗaukar alkali. A cikin hasumiya, yana amsawa da maganin sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Yayin da abin ya ci gaba, sodium cyanide (NaCN) yana samuwa kuma yana tarawa a cikin maganin sha. Lokacin da maida hankali na NaCN a cikin maganin ya kai kusan 10% - 12%, ana iya sake yin fa'ida da sake amfani da shi a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu masu dacewa, kamar tsarin leaching a cikin hakar gwal.

Saki da Hazo na Karfe masu nauyi

Bayan cyanide kyauta, ruwan datti yakan ƙunshi hadaddun ƙarfe masu nauyi da cyanide, kamar na jan karfe da zinc. A ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic, waɗannan rukunin gidaje suna rushewa. Da zarar an saki ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi, za su iya samar da gishiri maras narkewa kuma su yi hazo a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Misali, daidaita ƙimar pH ko ƙara wasu abubuwan haɗe-haɗe na iya haifar da ions jan ƙarfe don samar da hazo.

Matakan Tsari

Mataki 1: Gyaran Ruwan Shara

Cyanide alkaline - mai dauke da ruwa mai yawa - dattin ruwa ya fara wucewa ta cikin injin zafi don sarrafa zafinsa. Yawanci, ana kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 20-25 ° C. Wannan kula da zafin jiki yana taimakawa haɓaka ƙimar amsawa ta gaba kuma yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsari. Matsakaicin cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar ruwa mai girma gabaɗaya ya tashi daga 5000 - 5500 ppm, kuma ƙimar pH tsakanin 10.5 - 12.5.

Mataki na 2: Acidification

Ana ciyar da ruwan sharar da aka riga aka yi wa magani a cikin hasumiya mai fesa acidification a wani ƙayyadadden ƙimar gudu, misali, 2 m³/h. Sa'an nan kuma, an ƙara sulfuric acid mai mahimmanci. Adadin sulfuric acid da aka ƙara ana daidaita shi bisa ga halaye na ruwan datti, gabaɗaya 25 - 30 kg / m³, don rage ƙimar pH na ruwan datti zuwa ƙasa da 2. Zafin da aka saki yayin ƙara sulfuric acid zai iya hanzarta amsawa, yana sauƙaƙa don ions cyanide kyauta a cikin ruwa mai datti don juya zuwa HCN mara kyau.

Mataki 3: HCN Generation da Rarraba

A cikin yanayin ƙaƙƙarfan acidic na hasumiyar feshin acidification, ana haɓaka jujjuyawar cyanide zuwa HCN. Ana zana iskar HCN da aka kafa ta wani fanfo centrifugal kuma ya shiga mataki na gaba - hasumiyar sha alkali. A lokaci guda, yayin da ƙimar pH ta ragu, wasu ions masu nauyi a cikin ruwan datti suna fara canzawa. Misali, yawan ions na jan karfe a cikin ruwan datti na iya raguwa, kuma wasu karafa masu nauyi sun fara haifar da hazo.

Mataki na 4: Sha da Farfadowa na Sodium Cyanide

Gas na HCN yana shiga hasumiya mai ɗaukar alkali kuma ana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar 20% - 30% NaOH bayani. Ana sake sarrafa ruwan alkali da ke cikin hasumiya, kuma yayin aikin sake yin amfani da shi, ana amfani da fanka don tabbatar da iskar gas na HCN akai-akai. Yayin da abin sha ya ci gaba, ƙaddamarwar NaCN a cikin ruwan sha yana ƙaruwa a hankali. Lokacin da maida hankali na NaCN ya kai 10% - 12%, ana iya dawo da shi zuwa tsarin leaching don sake amfani da shi, don haka cimma nasarar dawo da Sodium cyanide.

Mataki na 5: Hazo Karfe mai nauyi da Rabewa

Domin ruwan sharar gida bayan fitowar HCN, tun da an rushe wasu ƙananan ƙarfe - cyanide complexes a ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic, ana iya yin ƙarin magani don haɓaka karafa masu nauyi. Misali, daidaita darajar pH na ruwan sharar gida zuwa kewayon alkaline na iya haifar da hydroxides mai nauyi wanda ke hazo. Bayan haka, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi kamar tacewa ko ɓarkewa don raba karafa masu nauyi da ruwan datti, samun nasarar cirewa da dawo da karafa masu nauyi.

Amfanin Hanyar farfadowa da Acidification

Sake amfani da albarkatu

Hanyar dawo da acidification zai iya dawo da sodium cyanide yadda ya kamata daga cyanide - dauke da ruwa mai tsabta, wanda za'a iya sake amfani dashi a cikin hanyoyin masana'antu masu dacewa, rage yawan amfani da sabon sodium cyanide da rage farashin samarwa. Har ila yau, ana iya dawo da karafa masu nauyi, tare da mayar da sharar gida mai mahimmanci.

Kudin - Tasiri

Idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin jiyya waɗanda kawai ke mayar da hankali kan lalata cyanide, hanyar dawo da acidification ba wai kawai yana kula da ruwan sha ba har ma yana dawo da abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Ko da yake yana buƙatar shan acid da alkali, ƙimar sodium cyanide da aka dawo da su da karafa masu nauyi na iya kashe wani ɓangare na farashin magani, wanda ke sa jiyya gabaɗaya ta fi tsada - tasiri a cikin dogon lokaci.

Abokan Muhalli

Ta hanyar dawo da sodium cyanide da karafa masu nauyi, adadin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa yana raguwa sosai. Ruwan dattin da aka yi da shi yana da ƙananan abun ciki na cyanide da ƙarfe mai nauyi, wanda ya fi dacewa don fitarwa na gaba ko ƙarin magani, yana rage mummunan tasiri ga muhalli.

Amfani a cikin Tsarin Farfaɗo Acidification

Amfani da hanyar dawo da acidification don cyanide - mai ɗauke da ruwa mai datti ya haɗa da sulfuric acid, caustic soda (NaOH), lemun tsami, da wutar lantarki. A cikin hunturu, ya zama dole don preheat ruwan sharar gida, don haka ana cinye tururi.

1.Cin Acid

• Tukar Cyanide ke HCN: Adadin sulfuric acid da ake buƙata don canza cyanide a cikin ruwa mai datti zuwa HCN ya dogara da yawan adadin cyanide a cikin ruwan datti. Misali, don kula da 1m³ na ruwa mai datti tare da adadin cyanide na 5000 ppm, ana buƙatar takamaiman adadin sulfuric acid don wannan juyawa.

• Acidification na Wastewater: Bayan acid don canza cyanide, ana amfani da ƙarin acid don daidaita ruwan datti zuwa matakin acidity daidai. Adadin da ake buƙata don rage pH zuwa ƙasa 2 abu ne mai mahimmanci.

• Magani da Alkali a cikin ruwan sharar gida: Ana iya samun wasu abubuwa na alkaline a cikin ruwan datti da ke amsawa tare da sulfuric acid, amma gabaɗaya, wannan amfani yana da ɗan ƙaranci idan aka kwatanta da adadin da aka yi amfani da shi don canza cyanide da acidification.

• Amsa da Carbonate a cikin Sharar gidaIdan kayan da ke ɗauke da cyanide suna da babban sinadarin CarbonAbubuwan da ke cikin abincin, kamar a cikin wasu ƙwayoyin cyanide, carbonate zai yi aiki tare da acid don samar da carbon dioxide. A irin waɗannan yanayi, yawan amfani da sulfuric acid zai ƙaru sosai, kuma waɗannan kayan bazai dace da maganin ta hanyar hanyar dawo da acid ba.

2.Cin alkali: Ana amfani da Caustic soda (NaOH) a cikin hasumiya na sha na alkali don ɗaukar HCN kuma ya samar da NaCN. Adadin NaOH da ake cinyewa yana da alaƙa da adadin HCN da aka samar da ingantaccen sha.

3.Cin Lemun tsami: A wasu lokuta, ana iya amfani da lemun tsami a cikin maganin datti na gaba, kamar daidaita ƙimar pH don hazo mai nauyi. Adadin lemun tsami da ake buƙata ya dogara da nau'in da tattara nauyin karafa masu nauyi a cikin ruwan sharar gida da kewayon daidaitawar pH da ake buƙata.

4.Lantarki da Amfani da Turi: Ana amfani da wutar lantarki ta kayan aiki irin su famfo, fanfo, da vacuum centrifugal fan a cikin tsari. A cikin hunturu, lokacin preheating ruwan sharar gida, ana cinye tururi don ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa matakin da ya dace don amsawa.

Kammalawa

Hanyar dawo da acidification don cyanide - mai ɗauke da ruwa mai daskarewa don dawo da sodium cyanide da ƙananan karafa babbar fasaha ce ta magani. Ta bin takamaiman matakai na tsari, ba wai kawai zai iya cire cyanide mai guba da karafa masu nauyi daga ruwa mai datti ba amma har ma da sake sarrafa albarkatu masu mahimmanci. Ko da yake akwai wasu abubuwa da makamashi da ake amfani da su a cikin wannan tsari, la'akari da fa'idodin muhalli da tattalin arziki, yana da fa'idodin aikace-aikace a cikin maganin cyanide - dauke da ruwan sha. Koyaya, a ainihin aiki, ana buƙatar ɗaukar tsauraran matakan tsaro saboda gubar gas na HCN. A lokaci guda, ana buƙatar ci gaba da haɓaka sigogin tsari don inganta ingantaccen farfadowa da rage farashin.