Amfani da Carbon Mai Kunnawa don Cire Cyanide Kyauta (CN-) a cikin Ruwan Ruwa

Gabatarwa

Ruwan sharar masana'antu galibi yana ɗauke da sinadarai masu guba iri-iri, waɗanda daga cikinsu akwai Free cyanide (CN−) wanda ke da matuƙar muhimmanci saboda yawan gubarsa. Ko da a cikin ƙananan allurai, cyanide na iya zama mai kisa, wanda hakan ya sa maganin ruwan sharar da ke ɗauke da shi ya zama muhimmin batu a muhalli. An tsara ƙa'idoji masu tsauri don sarrafa fitar da cyanide - wanda ke ɗauke da ruwan sharar gida, wanda ke nufin ba wai kawai don biyan buƙatun yau da kullun ba, har ma don dawo da yawan cyanide gwargwadon iko daga wutsiya da kuma fitar da hayakin masana'anta. An kunna Carbon ya fito a matsayin abu mai kyau don cire cyanide kyauta daga ruwan sharar gida, kuma wannan labarin zai bincika aikace-aikacensa, hanyoyinsa, da abubuwan da ke tasiri dalla-dalla.

Tushen Cyanide a cikin Wastewater

Cyanide mai girma a cikin ruwan datti ya fito ne daga hanyoyin masana'antu irin su electroplating, cyanide - hakar zinare, wanke gas da sanyaya ruwa a cikin tanda na coke da tanderun fashewa, da kuma wasu sinadarai, sarrafa ma'adinai, roba roba, fiber, da masana'antar rini. Matsakaicin cyanide a cikin waɗannan magudanar ruwa na iya zuwa daga 1 - 180 mg/L ko ma sama da haka.

Hanyoyin Carbon Da Aka Kunna Wajen Cire Cyanide Kyauta

Adsorption na Jiki

Carbon da aka kunna yana da tsari mai zurfi sosai da kuma babban yanki na saman, yawanci yana farawa daga 500 zuwa 3000 m²/g. Wannan tsarin na zahiri yana ba shi ƙarfin shaƙar jiki mai ƙarfi. Ana iya shaƙar ions na Cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar gida a saman Carbon da aka kunna ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals. Babban yankin saman yana ba da wurare da yawa na shaƙar, wanda ke ba da damar kama cyanide kyauta.

Kemikal Adsorption da Catalytic Oxidation

Baya ga adsorption na jiki, carbon da aka kunna kuma zai iya shiga cikin halayen sinadarai. Lokacin da aka kunna carbon yana adsorb iskar oxygen da ruwa a cikin ruwan sharar gida, yana iya samar da hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) akan samansa, tare da kunna carbon da kansa yana aiki azaman mai kara kuzari. A gaban gishirin jan karfe, H₂O₂ da aka samar zai iya yin oxidize kuma ya lalata cyanide. Hanyar amsawa shine kamar haka:

1. Generation na H₂O₂: Oxygen da ruwa suna adsorbed a kan kunna carbon surface don samar da H₂O₂.

2. Oxidation na cyanide: Cyanide yana da oxidized ta H₂O₂ a ƙarƙashin aikin gishiri na jan karfe, yana haifar da bazuwar cyanide zuwa ƙananan abubuwa masu cutarwa.

Abubuwan Da Suke Taimakawa Ingantaccen Cire Carbon Mai Kunnawa

Matsalolin Cyanide na farko

Mafi girman ƙaddamarwar farko na cyanide kyauta a cikin ruwan sharar gida, mafi girman ƙarfin motsa jiki don adsorption. Koyaya, kamar yadda ƙarfin tallan carbon da aka kunna yana iyakance, lokacin da maida hankali na farko ya wuce ƙima, ƙwarewar cirewa bazai ƙaru daidai gwargwado ba. A cikin wasu nazarin, an gano cewa tare da karuwa a cikin ƙaddamarwar farko na cyanide, adadin cyanide da aka tallata kowace naúrar carbon da aka kunna ya fara karuwa sannan kuma matakan kashewa.

pH Darajar

Ƙimar pH na ruwan sharar gida yana tasiri sosai ga adsorption na cyanide ta hanyar kunna carbon. Gabaɗaya, ƙarƙashin yanayin acidic, ƙarfin adsorption na carbon da aka kunna don cyanide yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi. Yayin da ƙimar pH ke ƙaruwa, ƙarfin tallan yana ƙaruwa a hankali. Lokacin da pH ke cikin kewayon alkaline, musamman sama da 11. yawan cirewar cyanide zai iya kaiwa fiye da 95% a cikin mintuna 30 a wasu lokuta. Wannan shi ne saboda speciation na cyanide a cikin bayani yana canzawa tare da pH, kuma nau'in ions na cyanide ya fi dacewa da adsorption akan carbon da aka kunna a ƙarƙashin yanayin alkaline.

Zafin jiki

Adsorption na cyanide ta hanyar carbon da aka kunna shine tsari na exothermic. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ƙarfin adsorption yawanci yana raguwa. Alal misali, a cikin yanayin jan karfe - carbon da aka kunna, lokacin da aka haɗe shi da maganin cyanide, tasirin adsorption na cyanide yana raguwa tare da yawan zafin jiki. Wannan shi ne saboda karuwar yawan zafin jiki yana inganta ƙaddamar da abubuwa masu lalacewa daga saman carbon da aka kunna.

Lokacin Tashi

Isasshen lokacin motsawa ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar gida yana da isasshiyar hulɗa da carbon da aka kunna. A cikin matakin farko, yayin da lokacin motsawa ya karu, yawan cirewar cyanide yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Koyaya, bayan kai wani ɗan lokaci, adadin cirewa yana ƙoƙarin daidaitawa, yana nuna cewa tsarin tallan ya kai ga daidaito.

Aikace-aikacen Carbon da Aka Kunna wajen Maganin Cyanide - Mai ɗauke da Ruwan Shara

A cikin Masana'antar Ma'adinan Zinariya

A cikin hakar gwal, musamman ma a cikin hanyoyin fitar da gwal na tushen cyanide, ana samar da ruwa mai yawa mai ɗauke da cyanide. Ana iya amfani da carbon da aka kunna don cire cyanide kyauta daga wannan ruwan datti. Baya ga cirewar cyanide, carbon da aka kunna kuma yana iya haɗa gwal - rukunin cyanide (kamar Au(CN)₂⁻) a cikin ruwan datti. Za a iya ƙara sarrafa gwanayen gwal-cyanide don dawo da gwal, samun duka kariyar muhalli da dawo da albarkatu.

A cikin Masana'antar Electroplating

Tsire-tsire masu amfani da wutar lantarki sukan yi amfani da cyanide - dauke da mafita a cikin tsarin plating, wanda ke haifar da cyanide - gurɓataccen ruwa. Kunna maganin carbon zai iya rage abun ciki na cyanide yadda ya kamata a cikin ruwan sharar gida don saduwa da ma'aunin fitarwa. Idan aka kwatanta da wasu hanyoyin jiyya na gargajiya, kamar alkaline chlorination, kunna aikin jiyya na carbon yana da fa'idodin ƙarancin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da yuwuwar dawo da albarkatu.

Kwatanta da Sauran Hanyoyin Magani

Alkaline Chlorination

Yin amfani da sinadarin chlorine na alkaline hanya ce ta zamani don lalata cyanides a cikin ruwan shara. Yana amfani da abubuwa masu ɗauke da chlorine kamar iskar chlorine, chlorine na ruwa, ko foda mai bleaching don oxidize cyanide zuwa carbon dioxide mara guba (CO₂) da nitrogen (N₂). Duk da haka, wannan hanyar na iya haifar da samfuran da ke cutarwa, kuma tsarin aiki yana buƙatar kulawa mai tsauri game da yawan chlorine da yanayin amsawa. Sabanin haka, maganin carbon da aka kunna zaɓi ne mafi dacewa da muhalli tare da ikon zaɓar shaye cyanide da yuwuwar dawo da ƙarfe masu mahimmanci.

Hydrogen peroxide Oxidation

Hakanan za'a iya amfani da oxidation na hydrogen peroxide don rage yawan ƙwayar cyanide a cikin ruwan datti. Yana iya oxidize cyanide zuwa ƙananan matakin toxicity. Koyaya, hydrogen peroxide shine reagent mai tsada, kuma tsarin na iya buƙatar ci gaba da ƙari na reagents, haɓaka farashin magani. Carbon da aka kunna, a daya bangaren, yana da ingantaccen aiki mai inganci da zarar an zaba shi da kyau kuma an yi amfani da shi, kuma ana iya la'akari da sabuntar sa don rage farashi.

Ci gaban Gaba

Haɓaka Carbon Mai Kunnawa Modified

Don ƙara haɓaka ingancin carbon da aka kunna a cikin cire cyanide kyauta, ana gudanar da bincike akan carbon da aka kunna. Misali, impregnating kunna carbon tare da daban-daban karafa (kamar jan karfe, baƙin ƙarfe, da dai sauransu) na iya inganta catalytic hadawan abu da iskar shaka ikon ga cyanide. Karfe daban-daban - ɗorawa da aka kunna carbons ana iya inganta su bisa ga ƙayyadaddun halaye na ruwan sharar gida don cimma ingantattun tasirin magani.

Haɗin Tsarin Jiyya

Haɗa maganin carbon da aka kunna tare da wasu hanyoyin magani shi ma wani abu ne da ake ci gaba da yi. Misali, haɗa shaƙar carbon da aka kunna tare da maganin halittu zai iya fara amfani da carbon da aka kunna don rage yawan cyanide da ke cikin ruwan shara zuwa matakin da ya fi dacewa da maganin halittu, sannan a yi amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don ƙara ruɓewa da cire sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da cyanide. Wannan haɗin kai zai iya amfani da ƙarfin hanyoyin magani daban-daban kuma ya cimma ingantaccen maganin ruwan shara mafi girma.

Kammalawa

Carbon da aka kunna yana nuna babban yuwuwar kawar da cyanide kyauta (CN-) daga ruwan sharar gida. Ta hanyar adsorption na jiki da halayen sinadarai, zai iya rage yawan abun ciki na cyanide a cikin ruwa mai datti, da saduwa da ƙa'idodin fitar da muhalli har ma da ba da damar dawo da albarkatu a wasu lokuta. Ko da yake har yanzu akwai wasu yankunan da ya kamata a inganta, kamar kara inganta adsorption yadda ya dace da kuma rage halin kaka, tare da ci gaba da ci gaban da bincike a kan kunna carbon gyare-gyare da kuma hade jiyya tafiyar matakai, kunna carbon zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin lura da cyanide - dauke da sharar gida a nan gaba.