ʻIkepili o ka Catalytic Role o Sodium Cyanide i ka ʻoihana Petrochemical

Introduction

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohuihui anorganic koʻikoʻi, hōʻike i nā hopena catalytic koʻikoʻi i ka ʻOihana Petrochemical ma muli o kona mau waiwai kemika. ʻO kona alkalinity ikaika, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho, a me ka nucleophilicity e lilo ia i mea hoʻoikaika nui a i ʻole mea hoʻohui i nā ʻano hopena kemika. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i kāna kuleana i ka ʻoihana petrochemical mai nā ʻano e like me ka Mechanism Catalytic, kahua noi, a me ka palekana.

I. Catalytic Mechanism o Sodium Cyanide

1. Ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī metala

ʻO ka CN⁻ ion he mana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a hiki ke hana i nā paʻa paʻa me nā metala hoʻololi (e like me Ni, Co, Fe, etc.). Hiki i kēia mau mea paʻakikī ke hoʻoulu i nā molekele substrate i nā hopena catalytic a hoʻemi i ka ikehu hoʻāla o ka hopena. No ka laʻana, i ka hydrocyanation o olefins, ka catalyst hana e ʻO ka sodium Cyanide a hiki i nā paʻakai nickel ke hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā olefins me HCN e hana Huina Nitriles.

2.Nucleophilic Catalysis

Me he kumu ikaika la, ka sodium cyanide hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi iā CN⁻ ma ke ʻano he nucleophilic reagent e komo i ka hoʻololi nucleophilic a i ʻole nā ​​hopena hoʻohui. No ka laʻana, i ka cyanidation o halogenated hydrocarbons, CN⁻ hoʻololi i ka halogen e hana i nā pūhui nitrile, he ala nui ia no ka synthesis o nā nitriles organik.

3. Hoʻoponopono i ke Kaiapuni Alkaline

ʻO ka sodium cyanide hydrolyzes e hana i ka NaOH a me ka HCN, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH o ka ʻōnaehana pane a hoʻoikaika i kekahi mau hopena catalytic acid-base (e like me ka hydrolysis a i ʻole condensation o nā esters).

II. Nā noi maʻamau i ka ʻoihana Petrochemical

1.Synthesis of Nitrile Compounds

• Ka hana ʻana o Acrylonitrile: Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka ammoxidation o propylene e hana i ka acrylonitrile, ʻO Sodium cyanide hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he catalyst additive e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka koho koho a me ka hua.

• Hoʻohui ʻia o Adiponitrile: Ma o ka hydrocyanation reaction o 1.3-butadiene, sodium cyanide catalyzes ka hookumu ana o adiponitrile, he mea nui maka no ka nylon-66.

2.Carbonylation Synthesis and Hydrogenation Reactions

• I loko o ka hopena carbonylation synthesis, hana like ka sodium cyanide me ka cobalt catalyst e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā olefins me CO a me H₂ e hana i ka aldehyde a i ʻole nā ​​pūhui waiʻona.

• Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i ka hydrogenation reactions, hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke hoʻoponopono i ke kūlana uila o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe metala a hoʻonui i ka hana pane.

3.Petroleum māwae a me Desulfurization

• I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ʻaila, hiki i ka sodium cyanide ke kāohi i ka hopena coking a hoʻonui i ke ola lawelawe o ka catalyst.

• Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka wehe ʻana i nā pūhui sulfur (e like me ka wehe ʻana o mercaptan). Ma o ka nucleophilic substitution reactions, hoʻololi ʻia nā mercaptans i sulfides a i ʻole disulfides.

III. Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Paʻakikī

pono:

• ʻO ka hana catalytic kiʻekiʻe a me ka koho koho, kūpono no nā ʻano ʻano ʻōnaehana paʻakikī.

• ʻO ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi no ka noi ʻoihana.

hana nui loa ia:

• Pilikino Pilikino: He mea ʻawaʻawa loa ka sodium cyanide, a koi ʻia ka mana koʻikoʻi o nā kūlana hana e pale ai i ka leakage a i ʻole ka hoʻopili ʻana.

• Nā'Ōlelo Aʻe: Pono e mālama ʻia ka wai ʻōpala i loko o ka cyanide (e like me ke ʻano alkaline chlorination) e hoʻokō i nā kūlana hoʻokuʻu e pale aku i nā pōʻino kaiaola.

• Hoʻokūkū mai Alternative Technologies: Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kemika ʻōmaʻomaʻo, biocatalysis a ionic wai catalysts e hoʻololi mālie i kekahi mau kaʻina sodium cyanide.

IV. Nā ana palekana a me ke kaiapuni

1. Palekana hana: E hoʻohana i nā mea paʻa, e hoʻolako me ka hydrogen cyanide detection and alarm system, a pono nā mea hana e ʻaʻahu i nā lole pale a me nā masks kinoea.

2. Hoʻomaʻo Wastewater: E hoʻohuli i ka CN⁻ i CO₂ a me N₂ ʻona ʻole ma o ke ʻano hoʻokahe (e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ClO₂ a i ʻole H₂O₂).

3. Kaʻina Hana: Hoʻomohala i nā ʻenehana hana hou e hōʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium cyanide; e ʻimi i nā ʻōnaehana catalytic ʻole cyanide (e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nitriles organik i mea pani).

Panina

ʻO ka sodium cyanide, me kāna mau waiwai catalytic kūikawā, he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana petrochemical, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā māla e like me ka nitrile synthesis a me nā hopena carbonylation, kahi e hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kona ʻona a me nā pōʻino kaiapuni e alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana e hoʻololi i nā ʻenehana catalytic palekana a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka holomua o ka hoʻolālā catalyst a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka noi ʻana o ka sodium cyanide.