Dab tsi yog cov txheej txheem rau tshem tawm sodium cyanide los ntawm kub tailings?

Introduction

Hauv kev lag luam khawb kub, cyanide siv dav hauv cov txheej txheem rho tawm vim nws qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev yaj kub ntawm cov pob zeb. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj cyanide hauv cov tailings ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Yog li ntawd, kev tsim kho thiab kev siv cov txheej txheem tshem tawm Cyanide zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Tsab xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav ntau yam txheej txheem tshem tawm cyanide siv hauv kev kho cov Gold Tailings , lub hom phiaj yog muab kev nkag siab dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem muaj.

Txoj kev Alkaline Chlorination

Ntsiab Cai

Txoj kev alkaline chlorination yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem siv ntau tshaj plaws rau kev tshem tawm cyanide. Hauv txoj kev no, cov tshuaj oxidants uas muaj chlorine ntxiv rau hauv cov slurry tailings nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej alkaline. Cov chlorine reacts nrog cyanide ions (CN-) los tsim cov khoom tsis muaj tshuaj lom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim hauv ob theem tseem ceeb. Hauv thawj theem, cyanide yog oxidized rau cyanate (CNO-), thiab hauv theem thib ob, cyanate yog decomposed ntxiv rau hauv nitrogen roj, Carbon dioxide, thiab lwm yam tshuaj tsis muaj teeb meem.

zoo

• Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo : Nws tuaj yeem txo cov cyanide ntau hauv cov tailings kub kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai tso tawm.

• Siv Tau Dav : Haum rau ntau yam tailings nrog ntau yam cyanide concentration thiab cov khoom sib xyaw.

• Kev Siv Tshuab Zoo : Cov txheej txheem no tau nkag siab zoo, thiab muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev lag luam hauv nws daim ntawv thov.

tsis zoo

• Cov Tshuaj Tua Kab Mob : Cov tshuaj chlorine uas muaj cov tshuaj oxidants tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv puas, ua rau cov nqi kho dua siab dua thiab lub neej ua haujlwm luv dua.

• Cov Khoom Phom Sij : Thaum lub sijhawm ua tshuaj tiv thaiv, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov khoom phom sij xws li cov pa chlorine yog tias cov txheej txheem tsis raug tswj hwm kom zoo.

• Kev Siv Tshuaj Lom Zem Ntau : Yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj oxidants uas muaj chlorine ntau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi khiav lag luam nce ntxiv.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Ib lub pob zeb kub hauv kev siv alkaline chlorination txoj kev kho nws cov cyanide - muaj cov tailings. Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo tswj cov pH ntawm cov tailings slurry nyob ib ncig ntawm 10 - 11 thiab ntxiv qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov hmoov bleaching (ib hom tshuaj chlorine - raws li oxidant), tag nrho cov ntsiab lus cyanide hauv cov tailings raug txo los ntawm qhov pib concentration ntawm 200 mg / L mus rau tsawg dua 0.1 mg / L tom qab kho. Cov tailings kho tau raws li cov qauv kev tso tawm ib puag ncig hauv zos.

INCO Txheej Txheem (Sulfur Dioxide - Cua Txheej Txheem)

Ntsiab Cai

Cov txheej txheem INCO, tseem hu ua sulfur dioxide - txheej txheem huab cua, yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cyanide technology. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, sulfur dioxide thiab cua nkag mus rau hauv cov tailings slurry nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tooj liab catalyst. Cov sulfur dioxide yog oxidized rau sulfate, thiab oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua pab nyob rau hauv lub oxidation ntawm cyanide. Cov tooj liab catalyst accelerates cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tig cyanide rau carbon dioxide, nitrogen, thiab lwm yam khoom.

zoo

• Kev Siv Tshuaj Tsawg Dua : Piv rau qee txoj kev, nws xav tau cov tshuaj tsawg dua vim nws siv huab cua ua qhov chaw oxidant.

• Txo Cov Khoom Siv Lom Zem : Tsim cov khoom siv lom zem tsawg dua piv rau kev siv alkaline chlorination, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo dua rau ib puag ncig.

• Tus nqi zoo : Yuav siv tau tus nqi zoo rau kev ua haujlwm loj vim tias tus nqi qis ntawm cov pa roj sulfur dioxide thiab huab cua.

tsis zoo

• Qhov Yuav Tsum Tau Siv Catalyst : Qhov xav tau siv tooj liab catalyst ntxiv qhov nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem. Yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab saib xyuas cov catalyst kom zoo, thiab nws qhov poob lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem.

• Kev rhiab heev ntawm pH : Cov txheej txheem no rhiab heev rau pH ntawm cov slurry tailings. Cov xwm txheej pH zoo tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau tswj kom zoo rau kev tshem tawm cyanide, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 8 - 9.

• Kev Ua Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Qis Dua : Kev ua tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb dua piv rau qee cov txheej txheem oxidation, uas yuav xav tau cov hlab ntsha loj dua thiab lub sijhawm nyob ntev dua.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Kev lag luam loj loj kub mining hauv kev siv INCO txheej txheem. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau kev qhia cov tshuaj sulfur dioxide thiab huab cua, thiab ua tib zoo tswj cov tooj liab catalyst ntau npaum li cas, lawv muaj peev xwm txo cov cyanide concentration hauv lawv cov tailings los ntawm 150 mg / L mus rau tsawg dua 50 mg / L. Qhov no tau ntsib kev lag luam - lees paub tsis muaj zog - acid dissociable (WAD) cyanide qib yuav tsum tau ua rau tailings pov tseg.

Txoj Kev Kho Mob Biological

Ntsiab Cai

Kev kho mob lom neeg ntawm cyanide - muaj cov tailings kub suav nrog kev siv cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob thiab cov fungi. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem metabolize cyanide ua qhov chaw ntawm nitrogen lossis carbon. Piv txwv li, qee cov kab mob tuaj yeem hloov pauv cyanide rau ammonia los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yog ib tug complex ntawm biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas cov microorganisms zom cov cyanide molecule nyob rau hauv tej tej yam kev mob xws li tsim nyog kub, pH, thiab cov as-ham.

zoo

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig : Kev kho mob siv tshuaj lom neeg yog ib txoj kev xaiv uas ruaj khov dua vim nws tsis coj cov tshuaj lom neeg ntxiv rau hauv ib puag ncig.

• Tus Nqi Qis : Thaum cov kab mob me me tau tsim tsa lawm, cov nqi khiav lag luam yuav qis dua vim tias cov kab mob me me tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab siv cov khoom noj khoom haus ntuj.

• Kev Kho Mob Xaiv : Qee cov kab mob me me tuaj yeem xaiv cov cyanide, tawm hauv lwm cov zaub mov muaj nqis hauv cov tailings tsis cuam tshuam.

tsis zoo

• Cov Txheej Txheem Qis : Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau muaj cov kev cuam tshuam qeeb dua piv rau cov txheej txheem oxidation tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov no yuav xav tau cov bioreactors loj thiab lub sijhawm kho mob ntev.

• Kev Rhiab Rau Tej Yam Ib Puag Ncig : Cov kab mob me me muaj kev rhiab heev rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, pH, thiab qhov muaj lwm yam tshuaj lom hauv cov tailings. Txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob me me thiab txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm cyanide.

• Qhov Nyuaj Thaum Pib : Kev tsim kom muaj kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov kab mob me me uas ruaj khov thiab ua tau zoo rau kev rhuav tshem cov cyanide tuaj yeem nyuaj. Nws yuav tsum tau xaiv thiab hloov kho kom zoo rau cov kab mob me me uas tsim nyog.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Ib lub mine kub hauv kev sim nrog kev kho mob lom. Lawv tau siv lub tshuab bioreactor tshwj xeeb uas muaj lub koom haum ntawm cyanide - degrading cov kab mob. Tom qab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev ua kom zoo ntxiv ntawm ib puag ncig hauv bioreactor, lawv tuaj yeem txo cov cyanide concentration hauv cov tailings los ntawm 80 mg / L mus txog 10 mg / L. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem no xav tau ob peb lub hlis ntawm kev pib thiab hloov kho kom ua tiav kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov.

Tailings Washing and Pond Stripping (WPS) Txheej txheem

Ntsiab Cai

Cov txheej txheem WPS muaj ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb: tailings slurry ntxuav thiab pas dej lossis tank stripping ntawm cyanide. Hauv cov kauj ruam ntxuav, txee - tam sim no siab - tus nqi thickeners yog siv los ntxuav cov tailings slurry. Qhov no yuav pab tshem tawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cyanide - muaj cov tshuaj los ntawm cov tailings. Lub thickener overflow, uas muaj cyanide, ces raug rau lub pas dej los yog lub tank stripping. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem stripping, cov cyanide - nplua nuj tov yog raug rau huab cua los yog lwm yam stripping agents. Cov cyanide, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hydrogen cyanide gas, yog stripped los ntawm cov tshuaj thiab yuav rov qab los yog kho ntxiv. Cov dej stripped tuaj yeem siv rov qab mus rau theem ntxuav, uas pab tswj cov dej sib npaug.

zoo

• Kev Rov Qab Tau Cov Khoom Siv : Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau kev rov qab tau cov cyanide, uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab rov qab mus rau cov txheej txheem leaching, txo cov kev siv cyanide tag nrho hauv lub qhov av.

• Kev Tswj Xyuas Dej : Los ntawm kev siv cov dej uas raug rhuav tshem rov qab, nws pab tswj kev sib npaug ntawm cov dej hauv kev ua haujlwm khawb av, txo qhov xav tau dej tshiab thiab txo cov dej khib nyiab tawm.

• Kev Siv Cov Khoom Siv Uas Twb Muaj Lawm : Cov txheej txheem WPS feem ntau siv tau cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov nroj tsuag xws li cov khoom ua kom tuab thiab cov pas dej ua dej, txo qhov xav tau kev nqis peev loj.

tsis zoo

• Qhov Nyuaj Hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm : Cov txheej txheem muaj ntau kauj ruam thiab xav tau kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li kev ntxuav kom huv, tus nqi tshem tawm, thiab cov dej rov ua dua tshiab.

• Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo ntawm Cyanide Rov Qab Los : Kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Cyanide Rov Qab Los tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam xws li qhov pib ntawm cyanide concentration hauv cov tailings, qhov zoo ntawm kev ntxuav thiab kev tshem tawm, thiab muaj lwm yam tshuaj cuam tshuam.

• Kev Txhawj Xeeb Txog Tsw Qab Thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb : Cov txheej txheem tshem tawm tej zaum yuav tso tawm cov pa roj hydrogen cyanide, uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab heev thiab muaj tshuaj lom heev. Yuav tsum muaj cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb kom zoo los tiv thaiv cov pa roj to thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Cov ntaub ntawv kawm

Lub tuam txhab kub mining hauv kev siv cov txheej txheem WPS. Los ntawm retrofitting lawv cov thickeners uas twb muaj lawm rau kev txhim kho kev ntxuav thiab tsim lub pas dej npog rau cyanide stripping, lawv muaj peev xwm ua tiav cov cyanide rov qab tus nqi txog li 70%. Cov cyanide rov qab tau ua tiav tiav rov qab mus rau hauv lub voj voog leaching, txo lawv cov nqi yuav cyanide los ntawm tus nqi tseem ceeb.

xaus

Kev tshem tawm ntawm cyanide los ntawm cov tailings kub yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev ua haujlwm mining. Txhua yam ntawm cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cyanide tau tham, suav nrog alkaline chlorination, txheej txheem INCO, kev kho mob lom neeg, thiab cov txheej txheem WPS, muaj nws tus kheej qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim nyog yog nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li qhov pib cyanide concentration nyob rau hauv cov tailings, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tailings, muaj cov infrastructure, thiab cov nqi - cov txiaj ntsim kev soj ntsuam. Feem ntau, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab raug nqi - kev tshem tawm cyanide zoo. Raws li kev lag luam mining tseem tab tom ntsib kev tshuaj xyuas ib puag ncig, kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv thiab kev txhim kho hauv cov thev naus laus zis tshem tawm cyanide yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj kev huv thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua yav tom ntej.