Yam tshuaj twg yog corrosive tshaj plaws?

Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, kev paub txog cov tshuaj twg yog cov tshuaj corrosive tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tu cov khoom siv. Kab lus no yuav delve rau hauv cov lus nug ntawm "cov tshuaj twg yog cov corrosive tshaj plaws", txheeb xyuas ntau yam. Tshuaj Corrosive thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv, thiab pab kom koj paub zoo txog kev paub txog.

1. Hydrofluoric Acid

Hydrofluoric acid yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws corrosive chemicals. Nws tsis tsuas yog yaj iav, tab sis kuj tawm tsam yuav luag tag nrho cov hlau. Lub corrosiveness ntawm Hydrofluoric acid los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab heev ntawm fluoride ions (F⁻), uas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv silicate, uas ua rau cov iav decomposition thiab ntau yam minerals. Hydrofluoric acid tsis tshua muaj corrosive rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab kev sib cuag tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav heev thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov pob txha.

2. Sulfuric Acid

Sulfuric acid yog ib yam tab sis tsis tshua muaj corrosive tshuaj uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm. Nco ntsoov Sulfuric kua qaub Nws tuaj yeem nqus dej sai sai thiab ua kom lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov organic teeb meem, uas ua rau nws corrosive rau feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv organic. Sulfuric acid kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog ntau cov hlau los tsim hydrogen thiab hlau ntsev, ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem corrosion. Sulfuric acid tshwj xeeb tshaj yog corrosive rau cov cuab yeej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau noj thaum siv nws.

3. Cov roj chlorine

Chlorine yog cov pa roj daj-ntsuab tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab siab, thiab yog corrosive heev. Cov tshuaj chlorine tuaj yeem hnov ​​​​mob nrog dej los tsim hydrochloric acid thiab hypochlorous acid, ob qho tib si yog cov tshuaj corrosive heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrochloric acid, uas muaj zog corrosive rau hlau. Cov tshuaj chlorine kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog ntau cov hlau los tsim cov hlau chlorides, yog li ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj ntau ntxiv. Hauv Kev tsim tshuaj, qhov to Cov tshuaj chlorine ua yog ib qho kev nyab xeeb loj heev, thiab yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv nruj heev.

4. Nitric Acid

Nitric acid yog lwm yam tshuaj corrosive heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv concentrated. Nws yog ib tug muaj zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev thiab reacts nrog rau feem ntau cov hlau los tsim nitrates thiab tso tshuaj lom nitrogen dioxide gas. Nitric acid kuj tawm tsam ntau cov ntaub ntawv organic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov protein thiab carbohydrates, ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj corrosive rau cov ntaub so ntswg lom. Nitric acid tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg thaum sib cuag nrog qee yam tshuaj, tsim kom muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg.

5. Sodium hydroxide

Txawm tias Kev Sodium Hydroxide yog alkali, nws corrosiveness yuav tsum tsis txhob underestimated. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txhuas thiab zinc, thiab tseem tuaj yeem decompose ntau cov organic xws li cov proteins thiab cov rog, ua rau mob hnyav heev. Sodium hydroxide kuj muaj qee yam corrosive rau iav thiab ceramics nyob rau hauv siab concentration, yog li tshwj xeeb alkali-resistant cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau rau cia thiab tuav.

Ntsiab lus

Rau lo lus nug ntawm "cov tshuaj twg yog qhov corrosive tshaj plaws", peb tuaj yeem pom tias hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorine, Nitric Acid hmoov thiab sodium hydroxide yog tag nrho cov tshuaj corrosive heev. Lawv cov txheej txheem corrosion thiab lub hom phiaj sib txawv, tab sis qhov sib txawv yog tias lawv muaj peev xwm ua rau tib neeg lub cev, khoom siv thiab ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tshuaj thiab kev ua haujlwm, kev tiv thaiv nruj yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev nyab xeeb kev raug mob los ntawm cov tshuaj corrosive.