Ngwọta Kwesịrị Ekwesị nke Liquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Okwu Mmalite

sodium cyanide a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka Ngwuputa, electroplating, na chemical synthesis n'ihi na ya pụrụ iche chemical Njirimara. Otú ọ dị, ngwa nke sodium cyanide na-apụghị izere ezere na-emepụta cyanide - nwere ihe mkpofu, na Liquid sodium cyanide ihe mkpofu, ọkachasị, na-ebute nnukwu ihe egwu na ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụrụ na ejirighị ya nke ọma. Cyanide na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu na ọ nwere ike imerụ ihe dị ndụ n'ahụ n'ime obere ihe. Ya mere, ọ dị oke mkpa ịme usoro ziri ezi iji dozie ihe mkpofu ndị a.

Ihe egwu nke Liquid Sodium Cyanide mkpofu

Nsi nye mmadu

Cyanide nwere ike ịbanye n'ahụ mmadụ site na iku ume, iri nri, ma ọ bụ mmetụ akpụkpọ ahụ. Ozugbo n'ime ahụ, ọ nwere ike jikọọ ngwa ngwa na cytochrome oxidase na sel, na-egbochi iku ume cellular ma na-eduga na hypoxia anụ ahụ. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọ nwere ike ibute ọnwụ ngwa ngwa. Ọbụna ikpughe ọkwa dị ala karịa ogologo oge nwere ike ịkpata mgbaàmà dịka isi ọwụwa, isi ọwụwa, adịghị ike, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nsogbu ahụike na-adịghị ala ala. Mgbe a na-emeso mmiri mmiri sodium cyanide n'efu, ihe ize ndụ nke kọntaktị mberede dị oke elu, ọkachasị ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị usoro nchebe kwesịrị ekwesị.

Mmetụta na Aquatic Organisms

Liquid sodium cyanide ihe mkpofu, ma ọ bụrụ na a tụba ya n'ime mmiri, na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu maka ndụ mmiri. Ọbụlagodi na ọ dị obere, ọ nwere ike imebi ọrụ physiological nkịtị nke azụ, invertebrates, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ime mmiri. Ọ nwere ike imetụta iku ume ha, uto ha, mmeputakwa, na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ntinye nke ion cyanide bụ 0.02 - 1.0 mg / l (n'ime awa 24), azụ nwere ike ịnwụ. Cyanide nwekwara ike ịkpata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri ogologo oge site n'ibelata ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na imebi usoro nri.

Mmetụta na Osisi

Mgbe osisi na-ekpuchi ihe mkpofu sodium cyanide mmiri, ọ nwere ike inwe mmetụta na-adịghị mma na uto na mmepe ha. Nnukwu mkpokọta cyanide nwere ike igbochi uto mgbọrọgwụ osisi, belata oriri na-edozi ahụ, ma na-emetụta photosynthesis. N'ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, nke a nwere ike ibute mbelata ihe ọkụkụ na ịdị mma. Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ihe mkpofu sodium cyanide mmiri mee ihe maka ịgba mmiri, ọ nwere ike imerụ ala, na-emetụta ogo ala na uto nke ihe ọkụkụ na-esote.

Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ maka Liquid Sodium Cyanide mkpofu

Usoro Alkaline Chlorination

Ụkpụrụ: Usoro a na-edozi pH nke mmiri mmiri sodium cyanide - nwere mmiri mkpofu na 8.5 - 9 wee gbakwunye chlorine-oxidants. Ihe oxidants nke chlorine, dị ka ịcha ọcha (karịsịa NaClO) ma ọ bụ gas chlorine (Cl₂, nke na-agbaze na mmiri iji mepụta HClO), meghachi omume na ion cyanide (CN⁻). Na nzọụkwụ mbụ, cyanide bụ oxidized na cyanate (CNO⁻), nke na-adịchaghị egbu egbu. Ọksidation ọzọ nwere ike ịtụgharị cyanate ka ọ bụrụ carbon dioxide (CO₂) na nitrogen (N₂). Enwere ike igosipụta mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị ka:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Uru na ọghọm ya: Usoro alkaline chlorination dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ ma ejiri ya mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe. Ọ nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya cyanide n'ime mmiri mkpofu n'ụzọ dị irè na ọkwa dị ala. Otú ọ dị, ọ ka mma maka ịgwọ mmiri mkpofu na obere cyanide dị ntakịrị. Ọ bụrụ na ntinye nke cyanide dị oke elu, a ga-achọ nnukwu ego nke chlorine-oxidants, nke nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụ ahịa ọgwụgwọ ma mepụta mmetọ nke abụọ.

Ụzọ nrụgide Hydrolysis

Ụkpụrụ: Na usoro a, mmiri mmiri sodium cyanide - nke nwere mmiri mkpofu na-etinye n'ime akpa mechiri emechi. A na-agbakwunye Alkali, mgbe ahụ, a na-ekpocha mmiri na-ekpofu ọkụ na nrụgide. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a, cyanide na-enweta mmeghachi omume hydrolysis. Cyanide ion na-emeghachi omume na ụmụ irighiri mmiri iji mepụta usoro sodium na-adịghị egbu egbu (HCOONa) na amonia (NH₃). Usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ bụ:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Uru na ọghọm ya: Usoro hydrolysis na-eme ka nrụgide dị iche iche na-eme mgbanwe dị iche iche na ntinye nke cyanide na mmiri mkpofu. Ọ nwekwara ike ijikwa ogige cyanide dị mgbagwoju anya. Arụ ọrụ dị nfe n'ihe gbasara usoro mmeghachi omume. Otú ọ dị, usoro a chọrọ ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche maka nrụgide na ikpo ọkụ, nke na-eme ka usoro ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya. Na mgbakwunye, oriri ike na itinye ego na akụrụngwa dị oke elu, na-akpata ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ dị elu.

Usoro Acidized

Ụkpụrụ: Na usoro acidized, a na-agbakwunye sulfuric acid na mmiri mmiri sodium cyanide - nwere mmiri mkpofu iji dozie pH na 2 - 3. N'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic, cyanide na mmiri mkpofu na-eme ka hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Ebe ọ bụ na njupụta nke hydrogen cyanide gas dị ntakịrị, ma na-eji ụkpụrụ nke nguzozi ikuku, ikuku na-agafe na mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri iji buru hydrogen cyanide gas pụta. Enwere ike iwebata gas cyanide hydrogen a rụrụ n'ime ihe ngwọta alkali maka imegharị ya. Isi mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ bụ:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Uru na ọghọm ya: Otu n'ime uru nke usoro a bụ na ọ nwere ike nwetaghachi sodium cyanide, nke nwere uru akụ na ụba ụfọdụ. Agbanyeghị, usoro a chọrọ njikwa siri ike nke ọnọdụ ọrụ. Mmiri cyanide hydrogen na-egbu egbu nke ukwuu, na ntapu ọ bụla n'oge usoro ahụ nwere ike ibute ihe egwu dị egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ. Ya mere, a chọrọ usoro nchekwa dị elu na mkpuchi akụrụngwa.

Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ndu

Ụkpụrụ: Ụfọdụ microorganisms nwere ike ire ere nke cyanide. N'ime Ụzọ ọgwụgwọ ndu, a na-eji nje bacteria ma ọ bụ fungi eme ihe na-emebi cyanide na mkpofu mmiri mmiri. Ihe microorganisms ndị a nwere ike iji cyanide dị ka carbon ma ọ bụ nitrogen site na usoro mmeghachi omume enzymatic, na-atụgharị ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu dị ka carbon dioxide, mmiri na amonia. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ nje bacteria na-emebi emebi nke cyanide nwere ike ịkụda cyanide n'ime ogige ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ site na ụzọ metabolic.

Uru na ọghọm ya: Usoro ọgwụgwọ ndu bụ ihe dịtụ enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi n'ihi na ha anaghị ewebata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke reagents kemịkalụ. Ha nwere ike ịdị ọnụ - dị irè maka ọgwụgwọ cyanide dị ala - nwere ihe mkpofu mmiri na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge. Otú ọ dị, ha na-enwe mmetụta maka ihe ndị dị na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka okpomọkụ, pH, na ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu na mkpofu. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ahụ nwekwara ike ịchọ ogologo oge dị ogologo iji nweta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ a chọrọ, na nhazi mbụ nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ọrịa nwere ike ịdị mgbagwoju anya.

Nchekwa onwe nchekwa n'oge ọgwụgwọ

Mgbe ị na-emeso mkpofu sodium cyanide mmiri mmiri, gbasie ike Nchedo nchedo ga-ewere ya. Ndị na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị iyi ngwa nchebe nkeonwe kwesịrị ekwesị, gụnyere kemịkalụ - suut na-eguzogide ọgwụ, gloves, goggles, na ngwaọrụ nchebe iku ume. Ebe a na-agwọ ọrịa kwesịrị ịdị na-ekuku nke ọma, na akụrụngwa nzaghachi mberede dị ka ebe a na-asa anya na mmiri ịsa ahụ kwesịrị ịdị ngwa ngwa. Na mgbakwunye, ọrụ ọgwụgwọ niile kwesịrị ịgbaso ụkpụrụ na ụkpụrụ nchekwa dị mkpa iji gbochie ihe mberede ma hụ na nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.

mmechi

Ọgwụgwọ nke ọma maka mkpofu sodium cyanide mmiri mmiri dị oke mkpa maka ichekwa ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Site n'ịghọta ihe egwu dị na mkpofu a na itinye usoro ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka alkaline chlorination, nrụgide hydrolysis, ọgwụgwọ acidized, ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ ndu, yana nlezianya nchekwa siri ike, anyị nwere ike belata nke ọma ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara mmiri mmiri sodium cyanide mkpofu. Ọ dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-emepụta ihe mkpofu dị otú ahụ itinye ego na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ kwesịrị ekwesị ma hụ na a na-eme usoro nlekọta na ọgwụgwọ niile n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na nke kwekọrọ.