Te Whakamātau i te Horoi Koura Taumata-Hohonu me te Whakamātao i Āwherika ki te Tonga: Ngā Otinga Whakaora Matatau
Ko Āwherika ki te Tonga te pūtake hītori o te keri koura ahumahi hou. Kei reira ngā hanganga whenua rongonui pērā i te Witwatersrand Basin — te kāinga o ngā mahi hohonu rawa atu o raro whenua o te ao pērā i te Harmony Gold's Mponeng Mine , te South Deep Mine a Gold Fields , me ngā mahi a Sibanye-Stillwater's Driefontein — tae atu ki ngā putunga pyritic tino ātete o te Barberton Greenstone Belt (ngā maina o Fairview me Sheba a Pan African Resources). Heoi, ko te tango koura mai i ēnei toka hohonu me ngā matrices kohuke matatini he wero whakarewa kāore i kitea i mua ki ngā kaiwhakahaere tipu hou me ngā tohunga whakarewa matua.
I roto i ngā tipu whakarewa o Āwherika ki te Tonga o ēnei rā, kei te mōrearea tonu te whai huatanga o te mahi e ngā arai nui e toru. Tuatahi, Ngā Matrix Ore Tino Ātete me te Pyritic: Ko ngā ore i tangohia mai i ngā Reefs Hohonu o te Waro me Ventersdorp Contact Reefs (VCR) me ngā uaua quartz- Carbon o Barberton kua kapi pūmau ki roto i ngā matrices pyrite me te arsenopyrite. Ka kaha te pau o te cyanide me te hāora kore utu i ēnei kohuke sulfide, ka tino whakaroa i te tere o te tango me te whakaiti i te whakaoranga koura katoa. Tuarua, Te Ngaro Waro Nui me te Tango-Mua: Ka whakamahia e ngā tipu Waro-i-te-Pulp (CIP) me te Waro-i-te-Tango (CIL) ngā mea whakaoho miihini nui, kutikuti-teitei. Ka tere te pakaru o te Waro Whakahohe Ngāwari ki te puehu pai i raro i tēnei kaha kutikuti kaha, ka kawe tika i te koura utu nui kua piri ki roto i ngā Whare Rokiroki Tailings (TSF). Hei tāpiri, ka "tango-mua" ngā paparanga shale waro taiao i roto i te ore ki te whakarewa i te koura mai i te otinga. Tuatoru, Te Tirotiro Taiao Kaha (DWS me NEMA): Ko te Tari Wai me te Parakore o Āwherika ki te Tonga (DWS) me te Ture Whakahaere Taiao ā-Motu (NEMA) e whakatinana ana i ngā here e tino tirotirohia ana mō te tukunga cyanide kore utu me te konganuku taumaha ki roto i ngā puna paru hei ārai i te Wai Waikawa o te Maina Waikawa (AMD) me te poke o te wai whenua.
United Chemical e tuku ana i tētahi hanganga matū whānui, kua whakamātauhia i te mara, kua whakaritea mō ngā tipu koura taumata-hohonu me ngā tipu koura ātete-waikura o Āwherika ki te Tonga. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā wai whakapūkara parakore-teitei, he tino pakari Te kokonati kokonati te waro, me ngā kaitārai wai kore-morearea e pai ana ki te taiao, ka whakamanahia e mātou ngā kaimaina o Awherika ki te Tonga ki te whakanui ake i te whakaora, te whakakore i te ngaronga waro, me te pupuri i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao katoa.
Matū Matū Whakaritea mō ngā Mahi Koura o Āwherika ki te Tonga
AuCyan™ Konutai Cyanide NaCN (≥98.3%)
Ko ngā konganuku hohonu o raro whenua mai i te Witwatersrand me ngā konganuku Barberton e nui ana te whanariki, e hiahia ana ki tētahi lixiviant parakore teitei hei whakakore i ngā whanariki konganuku turanga tauhohe me te whakatutuki i te rewa tere o te koura.
Te Parakore Tuturu (≥98.3% NaCN): Ka whakaratohia e AuCyan™ te nui rawa o te wātea o te katote cyanide kore utu. Ka hinga i tēnei kukū matū hohe teitei ngā paparanga whakangāwari whanariki i runga i ngā konganuku pyritic, ka tere ake te tere o te tango i roto i ngā tāke tango hau me ngā pūnaha tango kaha-teitei.
Te Whakatutukitanga Katoa o ngā Tikanga mōrearea SANS 10228 / SANS 10231: Ka tukuna tika atu mā te Tauranga o Durban, ka tākaihia a AuCyan™ ki roto i ngā pūwero maitai taumaha kua whakamanahia e te UN me ngā arai o roto kua whakapakaritia, e tutuki ana i ngā Paerewa ā-Motu katoa o Awherika ki te Tonga mō te whakahaere taonga morearea me te kawe ki uta ki ngā wāhi maina o Gauteng me Free State.
Waro Whakahohe Anga Kokonati AuCarb™ Whakaora Koura (≥99% Mārō)
Ko ngā tipu CIP o Āwherika ki te Tonga he nui te rahinga pērā i a South Deep, me whakamahi waro whakahohe e āhei ai te ātete ki te pānga miihini tonu, me te hopu kaha hoki i te koura mai i ngā paru matatini.
Ātete Tino Kaha ki te Waro (≥99% Pakari): He mea hanga mai i ngā anga kokonati Initonīhia kiato teitei mā te whakahohenga mamaoa motuhake, he kaha ā-ringa tino pai a AuCarb™ . Ka ārai i te whakaputanga waro iti-pai i roto i ngā mīhini whakakorikori kutikuti-teitei, ka tiaki i ngā hekere koura kei ngaro ki ngā toenga para.
Te Mimitanga Tere me te Ārai Pai i te Whakangaromanga i te Wā Hapūtanga: I hangaia me te tohatoha micropore me te mesopore tino pai, ka whakaatuhia e AuCarb™ te tere o te mimitanga matatini koura-cyanide [Au(CN)₂⁻], e whakataetae ana ki ngā matū waro waro tūturu kei roto i ngā toka o Āwherika ki te Tonga.
AuLeach™ Kaihoko Whakarewa Koura (GDA) - Kāore he Mōrearea
I te mea e whakawhāiti ana te Tari Wai me te Parakore o Āwherika ki te Tonga i ngā here tukunga paru, ka whakaratohia e AuLeach™ he huarahi tango paru kore-cyanide, he tino whai hua hoki mō ngā maina hou e aro nui ana ki te ESG.
Kore-Cyanide & E Tutuki Ana ki te DWS/NEMA: Kua whakarōpūtia hei matū kore-morearea, ka tino whakangawaritia e AuLeach™ te whakahaere i te Whare Rokiroki Tainga (TSF). Ka karohia te kohikohi matū paitini, ka tino whakaitihia ngā utu tango paitini, ā, ka whakangawaritia te whakahoutanga raihana wai.
Whakahoutanga o te Whare Mahinga Kore-Mōrearea me te Whakawhiti Tere: He whakakapinga tika a AuLeach™ mō te NaCN. Ka mahi pai i roto i ngā tāke CIL/CIP me ngā ara iahiko waikura, kāore he whakapainga whakapaipai. Hei tāpiri, hei utanga kore-mōrearea, ka karohia e ia ngā here kawe mōrearea mai i te Tauranga o Durban.
Te Ratonga Tukunga Koreutu: Te Tauranga o Durban ki ngā Marae Koura o Awherika ki te Tonga
Ko te tuku tonu te toto ora o ngā maina nunui o raro whenua o Āwherika ki te Tonga. United Chemical kua whakatū i tētahi mekameka tuku taonga pakari i hangaia mō ngā pokapū maina ā-rohe o Āwherika ki te Tonga.
Te Whakarite i te Tauranga o Durban me te Whakawātea Tere i ngā Tikanga Tuku Iho: Kei a mātou ngā ratonga tuku ipu matua ki te Tauranga o Durban, me te tautokona e ngā tuhinga tikanga tuku iho kua whakangāwaritia mō ngā NaCN morearea Akomanga 6.1 me ngā matū waro ahumahi whānui me ngā matū GDA.
Te Whakahaere Tika i ngā Ratonga Waka ki ngā Pae Tohanga: Mai i Durban, ka whakahaerehia e ā mātou hoa ratonga waka raihana te kawe tere i runga i te rori me te tereina ki ngā whare putunga maina i City Deep (Johannesburg), Welkom (Free State), Klerksdorp (North West), me Barberton (Mpumalanga).
Whakamātauria ā Mātou Tauhohenga ki tō Kohatu o Awherika ki te Tonga
Whakarei ake i ngā tere whakaora o tō tipu, whakaitihia hoki te whakamahinga o ngā matū matū. E tonohia ana ngā Kaiwhakahaere Tipu, ngā Kaihanga Hangarau, me ngā Kaiwhakahaere Taiwhanga puta noa i Āwherika ki te Tonga ki te tono tauira kore utu o AuCyan™, AuCarb™, AuLeach™ rānei mō ngā whakamātautau pōro me te mimiti.
Tonoa he Tauira Taiwhanga Koreutu Inaianei
Ngā Pātai Auau: Te Tukatuka Koura i Āwherika ki te Tonga
1. Me pēhea te whakapai ake a AuCyan™ i te tango koura mai i ngā konganuku pyritic i roto i te Barberton Greenstone Belt?
He tino pyritic me te arsenopyritic ngā konganuku i Barberton (pērā i Fairview me Sheba). He uaua ki te cyanide iti-kōeke te pakaru i roto i te whakakī o te matrix sulfide. Mā te AuCyan™ (≥98.3% parakore) ka whakarite kia nui te kukū o ngā iona CN⁻ kore utu, ka pupuri i te kaha akiaki waikura-whakarewa kaha me te whakanui ake i te whakaoranga kinetic i roto i te waikura pēhanga (POX) me ngā ara iahiko CIL tail-leach.
2. He aha te hiranga o te pakeketanga o te waro mō ngā tipu CIP nunui i ngā mara koura o Free State o Āwherika ki te Tonga?
E tukatukahia ana e ngā tipu Free State CIL/CIP ngā mano tāne o te konganuku i ia rā mā te whakamahi i ngā impeller kaha-teitei. Ka pāngia te waro ngohengohe e te mimiti miihini, ka huri hei puehu waro e mawhiti ana i roto i ngā mata haumaru ki roto i ngā puna paru. Ka tukuna e te waro AuCarb™ te pakeke ≥99%, ka ārai i te pakaru o te waro me te pupuri i ngā hua koura.
3. Me pēhea te āwhina a AuLeach™ i ngā maina o Āwherika ki te Tonga ki te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te Tari Wai me te Parakore (DWS)?
Ka whakatinanahia e te DWS o Awherika ki te Tonga he herenga pakari mō ngā taumata cyanide i roto i te wai para o ngā maina hei tiaki i ngā awaawa me ngā puna wai e karapoti ana. Kāore he cyanide i roto i te AuLeach™ GDA , ā, kāore hoki e kino ki te taiao, e āhei ai ngā maina ki te whakaiti i ngā utu maimoatanga para me te whai ngāwari i ngā ture wai NEMA.
4. Ka taea e AuCarb™ te wikitoria i te waro kirikiri e tango ana i te waro i roto i ngā Reefs o Witwatersrand Carbon Leader?
Āe. Ka taea e ngā konganuku kei roto ko te kirikiri waro (he rauemi tango-whakapūtanga) te mimiti wawe i te koura kua rewa. Kei a AuCarb™ ngā kaha mimiti tere me te hanganga pūwero pai ake, e āhei ai te mimiti tere me te kaha ake i ngā matūriki koura-cyanide tūturu i roto i te paru.
5. He aha ngā paerewa kawe waka mō te tuku i a AuCyan™ mai i te Tauranga o Durban ki ngā maina o Gauteng?
Ko ngā uta katoa o AuCyan™ (Taonga Morearea Akomanga 6.1) e tino tutuki ana i ngā paerewa SANS 10228 me SANS 10231. Ka tākaihia ngā matū tauhohenga ki roto i ngā ipu maitai UN kua hiritia, he taumaha te ine, ā, ka haria mā roto i ngā waka kawe matū haumaru raihana mai i te Tauranga o Durban ki ngā whare putunga maina i Johannesburg, Carletonville, me Welkom.
6. E hototahi ana a AuLeach™ ki ngā ara iahiko whakaputa me te ara iahiko wikitoria hiko o Āwherika ki te Tonga?
Ae ra. Kāore he whakarerekētanga whakapaipai e hiahiatia ana e te AuLeach™ GDA . Ka hangaia he matatini koura pumau e piri pai ana ki te Waro Whakahohe Anga Kokonati , ā, ka horoia marietia i roto i ngā tipu whakarewa me te wikitoria hiko Anglo American, Zadra rānei.
7. He pēhea te mahi a AuCyan™ i roto i ngā tauhohenga tātā wai kaha-teitei (HLR) pērā i ngā pūnaha Acacia?
Ko ngā tauhohenga whakarewa kaha-teitei e tukatuka ana i ngā kukū koura taumaha e hiahia ana ki ngā tauhohenga parakore teitei. Ka tere, ka rewa katoa hoki a AuCyan™ (≥98.3%) , e whakarite ana kia tata ki te 99% te rewa o ngā matūriki koura matotoru me ngā matūriki koura pai i roto i ngā huringa whakarewanga o te tauhohenga puranga i roto i ngā hāora.
8. He aha i whiriwhiri ai ngā wheketere koura o Āwherika ki te Tonga i te waro anga kokonati o Initonīhia, kaua i te waro waro o te rohe?
Ahakoa e hangaia ana ngā waro waro i te rohe, he nui ake te horahanga o te mata o te waro whakahohe anga kokonati, ā, he tino pakari ake hoki (≥99%). He nui ake te kaha uta koura (uara-K) o te AuCarb™ Coconut Waro , ā, he iti ake hoki ngā reiti mimiti ina whakaritea ki te waro waro.
9. He aha te roanga o te wā e tukuna ai ngā ipu matū mai i te Tauranga o Durban ki ngā wāhi maina?
Kia tau ngā kaipuke moana ki te Tauranga o Durban, ka taea te tuku i ngā ipu i roto i ngā rā pakihi e 3 ki te 5 e ā mātou tikanga tikanga kua whakaaetia i mua. E 24 ki te 48 hāora te roa mō te kawe waka ki Gauteng, Free State, Barberton rānei, kia taea ai te whakahaere i ngā taonga.
10. Me pēhea e taea ai e ngā tohunga whakarewa tipu o Āwherika ki te Tonga te tono tauira kore utu mō ngā whakamātautau pounamu-pōtae taiwhanga?
Ka taea e ngā Kaihanga Metallurgist me ngā Kaiwhakahaere Taiwhanga Matua i Āwherika ki te Tonga te tono Tauira Whakamātautau Koreutu o AuCyan™, AuCarb™, AuLeach™ rānei mā roto i tā mātou puka whakapā paetukutuku. Ka tukuna tika atu e mātou ngā kete tauira ki tō taiwhanga mō ngā aromatawai CIL mō te huri pounamu me te mimiti kinetic.
- Ihirangi Matapōkere
- Ihirangi wera
- Te ihirangi arotake wera
- Kohikohi BLK-301/Hato Maangi Mea Hohe ≥60%
- IPETC 95%Metal sulfide kohuke kohikohi Z-200
- ahumahi Detonator Hiko
- Nga Poducts Sodium Cyanide
- Waikawa Oxalic Anhydrous 99.6% Koeke Ahumahi
- Te waikawa Etidronic | HEDP
- Waikawa Cyanuric
- 1Ko te Sodium Cyanide kua whakahekehia (CAS: 143-33-9) mo te Maina - Kounga teitei me te Utu Whakataetae
- 2Konutai Cyanide 98.3% CAS 143-33-9 NaCN, he mea nui mō ngā ahumahi matū keri
- 3Nga Ture Hou a Haina mo te Kaweake i te Sodium Cyanide me te Arataki mo nga Kaihoko Ao
- 4Sodium Cyanide (CAS: 143-33-9) Tiwhikete kaiwhakamahi mutunga (Putanga Hainamana me te reo Ingarihi)
- 5Waehere Whakahaere - Paerewa Whakaaetanga Maina Koura
- 6Haina wheketere Waikawa Sulfuric 98%
- 7Waikawa Oxalic Anhydrous 99.6% Koeke Ahumahi
- 1Konutai Cyanide 98.3% CAS 143-33-9 NaCN, he mea nui mō ngā ahumahi matū keri
- 2Te Maamaa Teitei · Te Mahinga Pumau · Te Whakaora Teitei — te konutai cyanide mo te riihi koura hou
- 3United ChemicalKo te Rōpū Rangahau e whakaatu ana i te mana ma roto i nga tirohanga a te Raraunga
- 4AuCyan™ Konutai Cyanide Mahi-Teitei | 98.3% Parakore mō te Keri Koura o te Ao
- 5Mamati Hiko Detonator（Wā whakaroa 0~ 16000ms）
- 6Te Kaha-Teitei, Te Whakaputanga Tube Tube-Tiki
- 7ahumahi Detonator Hiko
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