Ntchito za Cyanidation ndi Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Njira Zopangira Golide

Cyanidation yochotsa golide wavomerezedwa kwambiri m'migodi ya golide chifukwa champhamvu yake yosinthika ndi ores osiyanasiyana, kuthekera kopanga golide pamalowo, komanso kubweza kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuwunika kwa chilengedwe, migodi imatsuka zimbudzi zisanachitike kapena zitalowa m'malo osungiramo madzi kuti asatayike, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ocheperako.cyanide kapena cyanide-free leaching agents kuteteza chilengedwe cha dera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe cyanidation imagwirira ntchito komanso njira ya carbon-in-pulp pochotsa golide. Cholinga sikungomvetsetsa njira zochotsera golidi komanso kuthetsa kuipitsidwa ndikupita ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa migodi yosungira zachilengedwe.

Cyanidation kwa Gold M'zigawo

Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi okosijeni, kutentha, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'ono tagolide mu ore, kuchuluka kwa zamkati, zomwe zili mumatope, filimu yapamtunda ya tinthu tagolide, ndi nthawi yotulutsa.

Pamene kuchuluka kwa cyanide kuli kochepa, kusungunuka kwa okosijeni kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo kusungunuka kwa golide kumadalira Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide. Pamene ndende ya cyanide ili pamwamba, kusungunuka kwa golidi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Nthawi zambiri, ndende ya cyanide imachokera ku 0.03% mpaka 0.05%. Kuphatikizira ma oxidants ena, zothandizira kutulutsa mpweya, kapena kuyambitsa mpweya mwachindunji kumathandizira kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya.

Mwachitsanzo, chomera cha carbon-in-pulp chinasintha mpweya ndi mpweya - mpweya wochuluka (wokhala ndi mpweya wopitirira 90%) ndikuubaya mu thanki yotulutsa mpweya. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa leaching kudakwera ndi 0.89 peresenti. Wowunikira anawonjezera 98% lead acetate pamlingo wa 0.1 kg pa tani ya ore ku thanki yoyamba yotulutsa. Chifukwa chake, giredi yagolide ya ma tailings idatsika kuchoka pa 0.218 g/t kufika pa 0.209 g/t.

Kusungunuka kwa golidi mu njira ya cyanide kumawonjezeka ndi kukwera kwa kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumasungidwa pakati pa 10 ° C ndi 20 ° C. Pansi pa 1.34 ° C, yankho limawala. Chifukwa chake, m'nyengo yozizira, ma concentrator akumpoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma blowtorchi kuti awotcha mapaipi otsekeka. Pamwamba pa 34.7 ° C, yankho limakhala lamadzimadzi, ndipo mpweya umatuluka nthawi zambiri. Kukhazikika ndi kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mankhwala, kuchuluka koyenera kwa alkali, komwe kumatchedwa alkali oteteza, nthawi zambiri kumawonjezedwa kuti kulimbikitse zomwe zimatsogolera kufooka kwa hydrolysis.

Golide wabwino kwambiri amakhala ndi malo akuluakulu owonekera pambuyo pogaya ndipo amasungunuka mosavuta ndi cyanidation. Kuphatikiza apo, tinthu tating'ono ta golide tokhala ngati ma flakes, tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timasungunuka. Pamene zamkati ndende ndi otsika, mamasukidwe akayendedwe ang'onoang'ono, ndi kufalikira mitengo cyanide ayoni ndi mpweya mu njira pamwamba pa golide tinthu tating'ono. Chotsatira chake, golidi amasungunuka mofulumira, ndipo chiwerengero cha leaching chimakhala chachikulu. Komabe, kutsika pang'ono kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zofunikira zazikulu za zida komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri reagent. Zoyenera zamkati ndende ndi 40% - 50%. Pamene miyala ili ndi matope ambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zovuta, ndende iyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 20% - 30%.

Zonyansa zimapanga mafilimu osiyanasiyana pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, zomwe zimakhudza kutuluka kwa golide. Maminolo ogwirizana amakhudzidwa ndi mpweya, cyanide, ndi alkali, zomwe zimalepheretsa golide kutulutsa. Pamene nthawi ya leaching ikuwonjezeka, mlingo wa leaching umakwera mpaka malire ena, koma mlingowo umachepa. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuchuluka kwa golide ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono timachepa, mtunda wa pakati pa cyanide, mpweya wosungunuka, ndi golide umakulirakulira, ndipo zonyansa zowunjikana zimapanga filimu yomwe imakhala yovulaza kukhetsa. "Kugwedezeka" kwa agitator mu thanki ya leaching, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwakukulu, kutsika pang'ono, kutsika kwa mpweya, ndi chilolezo chapangidwe pakati pa chotsitsa chapansi ndi pansi pa thanki, zimakhudzanso kutuluka kwa golide. Matanki a m'malo opangira ma cyanidation atadzaza, ogwira ntchito adatembenuza makinawo pamanja ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfuti zamadzi othamanga kwambiri, mfuti zamlengalenga, ndi zitsulo zazitali kuti atsegule mapaipi. Pamapeto pake, zinapezeka kuti chilolezo pakati pa chopondera chapansi ndi pansi pa thanki chinali kuwirikiza kanayi mtengo wamba. Vutoli linathetsedwa pambuyo pa kusintha.

Njira ya Carbon-in-Pulp (CIP) Yochotsa Golide

Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito zikuphatikiza kutsatsa kwa activated carbon, desorption ndi electrolysis, ndi kusinthika kwa kaboni.

Musanagwiritse ntchito kaboni watsopano, ndikofunikira "kuzungulira m'mphepete ndikuchotsa zinyalala" kudzera mukupera. Pogula kaboni, mphamvu zonse za adsorption ndi mphamvu ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Kachulukidwe wazonyamula ayenera kukhala 0.50 kg/L - 0.55 kg/L, ndi tinthu kukula ayenera kukhala wokhazikika ndi yunifolomu, zambiri 6 - 12 mauna kapena 6 - 16 mauna. The phulusa zili ndi zili undersize particles sayenera upambana 3%. Pafakitale ya carbon-in-pulp, kuchuluka kwa kaboni wa ufa kumapangitsa kuti golide wamadzi amchira akhale oposa 16 kuposa momwe amakhalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide atayike. Chotsatira chake, kaboniyo idayenera kusinthidwa kwathunthu.

Kachulukidwe ka carbon mu akasinja adsorption amawonjezeka mu gradient. Poganizira kukalamba kwa kaboni, kuchotsa pafupipafupi kumakhala kopindulitsa pakubwezeretsa golide. Chomera cha carbon-in-pulp chinasintha kayendedwe ka kaboni kuchokera masiku atatu kupita ku tsiku lina lililonse, ndipo kupanga kumawonjezeka ndi kotala. Thanki ikasefukira ndipo carbon itatha, golide amatayika. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chophimba chosungira kaboni. Zinyalala ziyenera kuchotsedwa pasadakhale pambuyo pa classifier ndi hydrocyclone. Chophimba chopingasa cha cylindrical chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba chosungira kaboni. Vutoli lithanso kuthetsedwa pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa zamkati kapena kachulukidwe ka kaboni wapansi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa njira ya mpweya pafupi ndi chinsalu.

Kutayikira kwa kaboni kuchokera mu thanki yomaliza ya adsorption ndikosayenera. Chotchinga chachitetezo cha 40-mesh pa thanki yosakanikirana ndi ma tailings chimagwira ntchito ngati pofufuza. Iyenera kuwunikiridwa ndikusungidwa pafupipafupi kuti iwonetsetse kuti ndi yolondola. Kuti muchepetse kuvala kwa kaboni, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Desorption ndi electrolysis ikuchitika mu njira ya 1% sodium hydroxide ndi Sodium cyanide pansi pa kupanikizika kwa 0.35 MPa - 0.39 MPa, kukwaniritsa desorption pa 135 ° C - 160 ° C, yomwe ili pamwamba pa malo otentha a yankho. Golide wa carbon wowonda ndi wosakwana 50 g/t. Pakadali pano, cyanide - desorption yaulere ndi electrolysis imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Pakuti mpweya kusinthika, nthawi zambiri ankawaviika 3% - 5% kuchepetsa asidi nitric kapena hydrochloric acid kwa 0.5 - 1 ora. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuigwedeza pang'onopang'ono. Akachitulutsa mu thanki, chimaviikidwa m'madzi kuti chichotsere acid leaching solution. Kenako, amaviikidwa mu 1% sodium hydroxide kuti achepetse asidi otsalawo. Pomaliza, imatsukidwa ndi 2 - 3 kuchuluka kwa bedi la kaboni.