Udindo Wofunika Kwambiri wa Sodium Hydroxide M'makampani a Metallurgical

Mu gawo lalikulu komanso lovuta la mafakitale a zitsulo , sodium hydroxide (NaOH), yomwe imadziwika kuti caustic soda kapena lye, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Chomera champhamvu cha alkaline ichi, chomwe chimapezeka mu mawonekedwe olimba (monga flake kapena granular) ndi madzi, ndi chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kuchotsa zitsulo kuchokera ku miyala yawo mpaka kumaliza kwa zinthu zachitsulo.

1. Kukonza ndi Kuchotsa Ore

1.1 Kutembenuka kukhala Mchere Wosungunuka

Chimodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za sodium hydroxide mu metallurgy ndikusintha zinthu zofunika mkati mwa miyala kukhala mchere wosungunuka. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimathandiza kulekanitsa chitsulo chomwe chikufunidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosasungunuka zomwe zili mu miyala. Mwachitsanzo, pochotsa tungsten, njirayi imayamba ndi kuwotcha miyala yokhala ndi tungsten, monga scheelite kapena wolframite, ndi sodium hydroxide kapena sodium Carbon ate. Njira yokazinga iyi imasintha mchere wa tungsten kukhala soluble sodium tungstate. Sodium tungstate yosungunuka imatha kukonzedwanso, kulekanitsidwa ndi zotsalira zosasungunuka, kenako nkusinthidwanso kukhala tungsten yoyera kudzera mu zochita za mankhwala zotsatira.

1.2 Njira za Leaching

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga leaching. Pazitsulo zina zachitsulo, leaching ndi sodium hydroxide solution imatha kusungunula zitsulo. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pazitsulo zotsika kwambiri kapena zovuta zomwe njira zachikhalidwe zosungunulira sizingakhale zotsika mtengo. Pochotsa aluminiyumu kuchokera ku bauxite ore kudzera mu njira ya Bayer, sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa aluminiyamu. Bauxite ili ndi zonyansa monga iron oxides, silica, ndi titanium dioxide. Pamene bauxite amachitira ndi otentha, anaikira sodium hydroxide solution, aluminiyamu amachitira kupanga sungunuka sodium aluminiyamu, pamene zambiri zosafunika amakhalabe sungunuka ndipo akhoza kulekanitsidwa ndi kusefera.

2. Kuyenga zitsulo

2.1 Kuchotsa Zoyipa

Pakuyeretsa chitsulo , sodium hydroxide imagwira ntchito ngati chida champhamvu chochotsera zonyansa zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zitsulo. Imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ma oxide, sulfides, ndi zonyansa zina zomwe sizili zachitsulo zomwe zili pamwamba kapena mkati mwa matrix yachitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, pakuyeretsa mkuwa, sodium hydroxide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa zonyansa za mkuwa oxide. Pamene mkuwa wokhala ndi zonyansa za oxide umachiritsidwa ndi sodium hydroxide, redox reaction imachitika. Ma hydroxide ions amachepetsa copper oxide kukhala mkuwa wachitsulo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, amapanga sodium salts yosungunuka ndi zonyansa zina zomwe sizili zachitsulo, zomwe zimatha kuchotsedwa mosavuta. Njirayi imathandiza kukonza kuyera ndi khalidwe la mkuwa, kukulitsa mphamvu zake zamagetsi komanso mphamvu zake zamagetsi.

2.2 Electrolytic Refining Support

Mu njira zoyenga za electrolytic, sodium hydroxide imatha kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa electrolyte ndikuthandizira kuyika bwino kwachitsulo choyera pa cathode. Kwa zitsulo zina, monga zinki, m'malo osambira a alkaline electroplating, sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophatikizira komanso mchere wowongolera. Imaphatikizana ndi ayoni a zinc kupanga ayoni a zincate, omwe amathandizira kuti kusamba kwa plating kukhale kokhazikika komanso kumapangitsa kuti kusamba kukhale bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale yunifolomu kwambiri ya zinki pa cathode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino - zokutira zinki.

3. Chithandizo cha Pamwamba

3.1 Kuchotsa mafuta ndi kuyeretsa

Pamwamba pazitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zonyansa monga mafuta, mafuta, ndi zotsalira za organic zomwe zimafunika kuchotsedwa musanapitirize kukonza. Sodium hydroxide ndi wothandiza degreasing wothandizira. Imakhudzidwa ndi ma esters amafuta acid omwe amapezeka mumafuta ndi mafuta kudzera munjira yotchedwa saponification. Mwachitsanzo, ma ester a stearic acid mumafuta a masamba akachita ndi sodium hydroxide, amatulutsa madzi - soluble sodium stearate, yomwe imadziwika kuti sopo, ndi glycerol. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kutsuka zowonongeka ndi madzi, kusiya zitsulo zoyera. Njira yoyeretserayi ndiyofunikira pamachitidwe otsatirawa monga electroplating, penti, kapena kuwotcherera, popeza malo oyera amatsimikizira kumamatira bwino kwa zokutira kapena zomangira zolimba.

3.2 Kujambula ndi Kukonzekera Pamwamba

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito podula zitsulo. Pa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zake, sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula alkali, nthawi zambiri imachitika isanayambe kuodetsedwa kapena njira zina zochizira pamwamba . Kudula ndi sodium hydroxide kumapanga mawonekedwe ofanana komanso oyera pamwamba pa aluminiyamu, kuwonjezera malo pamwamba ndikuwonjezera kumamatira kwa zokutira zina. Kuthamanga kwa kudula kumatha kulamulidwa posintha kuchuluka kwa sodium hydroxide, kutentha, ndi nthawi yowonekera.

4. Desulfurization mu Zitsulo ndi Zina Zitsulo Zopanga

Popanga zitsulo ndi zitsulo zina, sulfure ndi chonyansa chosafunika chifukwa chingayambitse brittleness muzitsulo, kuchepetsa makina ake ndi kuwotcherera. Sodium hydroxide ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati desulfurizing agent. Popanga zitsulo, sodium hydroxide ikawonjezeredwa kuchitsulo chosungunula, imachita ndi sulfure kupanga sodium sulfide. Sodium sulfide yopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula sichisungunuka kwambiri ndipo imatha kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito slagging. Izi zimathandiza kuti zitsulo ndi zitsulo zina zikhale bwino pochepetsa sulfure kuti ikhale yovomerezeka.

5. Udindo mu Electrochemical Processes

5.1 Electrolysis ya Aluminium

M'makampani amakono a aluminiyamu, njira ya Hall - Héroult, njira yoyamba yopangira aluminiyamu, imadalira makina a electrolyte. Ngakhale electrolyte yaikulu ndi chisakanizo cha cryolite ndi alumina, sodium hydroxide ikhoza kukhalapo pang'onopang'ono muzosiyana za ndondomekoyi kapena m'magawo oyambirira a chithandizo. Sodium hydroxide imatha kukhudza momwe magetsi amayendera komanso zomwe zimachitika pamagetsi. Imathandiza kuwongolera kuyenda kwapano kudzera mu electrolyte, yomwe ndiyofunikira pakuwola kwa aluminiyamu kukhala aluminiyamu ndi okosijeni pa cathode ndi anode motsatana.

5.2 Zina za Electrochemical Metal Deposition and Recovery

Sodium hydroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito munjira zina zama electrochemical pakuyika zitsulo ndikuchira. Mwachitsanzo, mu electrodeposition ya zitsulo zina kuchokera ku njira zawo, sodium hydroxide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha pH ya yankho la electrolyte. Kusintha kwa pH uku kumatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamachitidwe a electrochemical, kukhudza zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, mtundu wa chitsulo choyikidwa, komanso kusankha kwachitsulo pamene ma ion zitsulo angapo alipo mu yankho.

Pomaliza, sodium hydroxide ndi mankhwala ofunikira kwambiri mumakampani opanga zitsulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kosiyanasiyana pakukonza miyala , kukonza zitsulo, kukonza pamwamba, kuchotsa sulfurization, ndi njira zamagetsi kumathandizira kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo ndi zinthu zachitsulo zabwino kwambiri. Pamene makampani opanga zitsulo akupitilizabe kusintha, ntchito ya sodium hydroxide ingakhalebe yofunika kwambiri, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chomwe chikupitilizabe kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukonza kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndikufufuza njira zatsopano zowongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.