Udindo wa Calcium Oxide mu Kutulutsa Golide ndi Sodium Cyanide

Introduction

Kuchotsa golide m'nthaka, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti cyanide leaching, ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa golide kuchokera ku miyala yaiwisi. Munjira imeneyi, Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungunula golide mkati mwa miyala, chifukwa golideyo sungasungunuke mu cyanide. Komabe, kukhalapo kwa zonyansa zosiyanasiyana komanso malo omwe miyalayo imagwirira ntchito zimatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo wa njira yochotsera. Apa ndi pomwe Calcium oxide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Kusintha pH Mtengo wa Zamkati

Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za calcium oxide mu golide cyanidation ndikuwongolera pH ya ore zamkati. Kashiamu oxide ikawonjezedwa m'madzi, imachita kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa ayoni a hydroxide mu yankho, potero kukweza pH mtengo.

Mu njira yopangira cyanidation, ndikofunikira kusunga pH yapamwamba, nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa 11. Izi zili choncho chifukwa Sodium Cyanide imasungunuka mu yankho lamadzi. Mlingo wa hydrolysis iyi umagwirizana ndi pH ya yankho. Pa pH yayikulu, kufanana kwa hydrolysis reaction kumasintha kuti kuchepetse kuchuluka kwa hydrogen cyanide mu yankho. Popeza hydrogen cyanide ndi yosasinthasintha ndipo imatha kutuluka mu dongosolo, kusunga pH yayikulu kumathandiza kupewa kutayika kwa cyanide mu mawonekedwe a mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa gawo lofunikira pakuchotsa golide ndi cyanide ion, ndipo kutayika kulikonse kwa cyanide kungayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri sodium cyanide ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya Golide.

Kulepheretsa Hydrolysis ya Cyanide

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, hydrolysis ya sodium cyanide ingapangitse mapangidwe a hydrogen cyanide, omwe sikuti amangowonongeka ndi reagent yamtengo wapatali ya cyanide komanso amawononga chilengedwe ndi chitetezo chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake. Calcium oxide imathandizira kuletsa hydrolysis iyi. Powonjezera pH ya yankho, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni wa haidrojeni omwe amapezeka kuti agwirizane ndi ayoni a cyanide kupanga hydrogen cyanide. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti gawo lalikulu la cyanide limakhalabe mu mawonekedwe a cyanide ions, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti golide asungunuke.

Kuthetsa Zoyipa Za Ma Ioni Ena

Ore nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana monga ma ayoni amkuwa ndi chitsulo, omwe amatha kusokoneza njira ya golide ya cyanidation. Mwachitsanzo, ayoni amkuwa amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide kupanga zinthu zovuta, motero amadya cyanide ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwake pakusungunuka kwa golide. Iron ions, makamaka ferric ions, amathanso kuyanjana ndi cyanide, kupanga ma ferricyanide complexes.

Calcium oxide ingathandize kuchepetsa zotsatirazi. M'malo amchere opangidwa ndi calcium oxide, ena mwa ayoni achitsulo amatha kupanga ma precipitates. Mwachitsanzo, ma ion ferric amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi ayoni a hydroxide kuti apange ferric hydroxide precipitate. Mvula iyi imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni mu yankho, kuwalepheretsa kudya cyanide ndikusokoneza njira yotulutsa golide.

Zomwe Zingachitike Zoyipa pa High pH

Ngakhale calcium oxide imapindulitsa mbali zambiri za ndondomeko ya cyanidation, ngati pH mtengo ndi wokwera kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pamwamba pa 12), ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kuchotsa golide. Pa pH yokwera kwambiri, calcium oxide imatha kupanga gulu la calcium peroxide pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide. Chosanjikiza ichi chimakhala ngati chotchinga, cholepheretsa kukhudzana kwachindunji pakati pa ayoni a cyanide ndi pamwamba pa golide, motero amalepheretsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mosamala kuchuluka kwa calcium oxide yomwe yawonjezeredwa kuonetsetsa kuti pH imasungidwa pamlingo woyenera kwambiri kuti muchotse golide.

Kutsiliza

Mwachidule, calcium oxide imagwira ntchito zingapo zofunika pakuchotsa golide pogwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Imasinthasintha pH ya zamkati ya ore, imalepheretsa hydrolysis ya cyanide, ndipo imathandizira kuthetsa zovuta za ayoni achitsulo. Komabe, kuwongolera moyenera pH ndikofunikira kuti mupewe zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakuchotsa golide. Kumvetsetsa ntchito za calcium okusayidi kungathandize kukhathamiritsa njira ya cyanidation, kupititsa patsogolo kachulukidwe ka golide, komanso kuchepetsa kumwa kwa sodium cyanide, komwe sikungopindulitsa pazachuma komanso kusungitsa chilengedwe pochepetsa kutulutsa poizoni wa cyanide.