Phekolo e Nepahetseng ea Letlapa la Sodium Cyanide

Selelekela

Sodium cyanide e sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse kang tsa merafo, electroplating, le metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale. Leha ho le joalo, kopo ea Sodium cyanide ha ho pelaelo hore e hlahisa cyanide - e nang le litšila, le Mokelikeli oa sodium cyanide matlakala, haholoholo, a baka matshosetsi a maholo bophelong ba batho le tikolohong ha e sa sebetswe hantle. Cyanide e chefo haholo 'me e ka baka kotsi e tebileng ho likokoana-hloko esita le ka tekanyo e nyenyane. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho sebetsana le litšila tsena.

Likotsi tsa Litšila tsa Sodium Cyanide

Chefo ho Batho

Cyanide e ka kena 'meleng oa motho ka ho hema, ho e noa kapa ho kopana le letlalo. Ha e se e le ka har'a 'mele, e ka tlama ka potlako ho cytochrome oxidase liseleng, e thibela ho phefumoloha ha lisele le ho lebisa ho hypoxia ea lisele. Maemong a matla, e ka baka lefu le potlakileng. Esita le ho pepeseha ha boemo bo tlaase ka nako e telele ho ka baka matšoao a kang hlooho, ho tsekela, bofokoli, 'me maemong a mang, mathata a bophelo bo botle. Ha o sebetsana le metsi sodium cyanide litšila, kotsi ea ho kopana le kotsi e batla e phahame, haholo-holo haeba ho se na mehato e nepahetseng ea tšireletso.

Tšusumetso ho Lintho tse phelang metsing

Metsi Sodium cyanide litšila, haeba li lahleloa ka metsing, li chefo e feteletseng bophelong ba metsing. Leha e le maemong a tlase haholo, e ka sitisa tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea fisioloji ea litlhapi, liphoofolo tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo le lintho tse ling tse phelang metsing. E ka ama ho hema ha bona, khōlo, ho ikatisa le tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Ka mohlala, ha motsoako oa cyanide ion e le 0.02 - 1.0 mg / l (ka lihora tse 24), litlhapi li ka shoa. Cyanide e ka boela ea baka tšenyo ea nako e telele tikolohong ea metsing ka ho fokotsa mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng le ho sitisa ketane ea lijo.

Liphello ho Limela

Ha limela li pepesetsoa litšila tsa sodium cyanide, li ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe kholong le kholong ea tsona. Metsoako e phahameng ea cyanide e ka thibela kholo ea metso ea semela, ea fokotsa ho monya limatlafatsi, 'me ea ama photosynthesis. Libakeng tsa temo, sena se ka lebisa ho fokotseng chai ea lijalo le boleng. Ho feta moo, haeba litšila tse metsi tsa sodium cyanide li sebelisoa bakeng sa nosetso, li ka silafatsa mobu, tsa ama boleng ba mobu le ho hōla ha lijalo tse latelang.

Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Litšila tsa Sodium Cyanide

Alkaline Chlorination Mokhoa

Molao-motheo: Mokhoa ona o lokisa pH ea metsi a sodium cyanide - a nang le metsi a litšila ho 8.5 - 9 ebe o eketsa li-oxidants tse thehiloeng ho chlorine. Li-oxidants tse thehiloeng ho chlorine, joalo ka bleach (haholo-holo NaClO) kapa khase ea chlorine (Cl₂, e qhibilihang ka metsing ho etsa HClO), e sebetsana le li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻). Mohato oa pele, cyanide e oxidized ho cyanate (CNO⁻), e leng chefo e fokolang haholo. Oxidation e eketsehileng e ka fetola cyanate hore e be carbon dioxide (CO₂) le nitrogen (N₂). Liphetoho tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka hlalosoa habonolo ka tsela e latelang:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Melemo le Likotsi: Mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination o batla o le bonolo ho sebetsa 'me o se o sebelisoa haholo. E ka fokotsa ka nepo litaba tsa cyanide metsing a litšila ho ea boemong bo batlang bo le tlase. Leha ho le joalo, e loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide e fokolang haholo. Haeba mahloriso a cyanide a le holimo haholo, ho tla hlokahala palo e kholo ea li-oxidants tse thehiloeng ho chlorine, tse ka eketsang litšenyehelo tsa kalafo le ho hlahisa litšila tsa bobeli.

Mokhoa oa ho hatella Hydrolysis

Molao-motheo: Ka mokhoa ona, metsi a sodium cyanide - a nang le metsi a litšila a kenngoa ka sejaneng se koetsoeng. Alkali e eketsoa, ​​ebe metsi a litšila a futhumatsoa 'me a hatelloa. Tlas'a maemo ana, cyanide e ba le karabelo ea hydrolysis. Li-ion tsa cyanide li sebetsana le limolek'hule tsa metsi ho hlahisa sebopeho sa sodium e seng chefo (HCOONA) le ammonia (NH₃). Chemical reaction equation ke:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Melemo le Likotsi: Mokhoa o hatellang oa hydrolysis o na le mefuta e mengata ea ho ikamahanya le maemo a mangata a cyanide metsing a litšila. E ka boela ea sebetsana le metsoako e rarahaneng ea cyanide. Ts'ebetso e batla e otlolohile ho latela ts'ebetso ea karabelo. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo le ho futhumatsa, e leng se etsang hore ts'ebetso ea kakaretso e rarahane. Ho feta moo, tšebeliso ea matla le matsete a lisebelisoa a batla a phahame, a baka litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa phekolo.

Mokhoa oa Acidized

Molao-motheo: Ka mokhoa oa acidized, sulfuric acid e kenngoa ho sodium cyanide e nang le metsi - e nang le metsi a litšila ho fetola pH ho 2 - 3. Tlas'a maemo a acidic, cyanide metsing a litšila e arabela ho etsa hydrogen cyanide gas (HCN). Kaha boima ba khase ea hydrogen cyanide bo nyane, 'me ho sebelisoa molao-motheo oa ho leka-lekana ha khatello ea moea, moea o fetisoa metsing a litšila ho ntša khase ea hydrogen cyanide. Khase e entsoeng ka hydrogen cyanide e ka kenngoa tharollo ea alkali bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape. Karabelo e kholo ea lik'hemik'hale ke:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Melemo le Likotsi: E 'ngoe ea melemo ea mokhoa ona ke hore e ka khona ho khutlisa sodium cyanide, e nang le boleng bo itseng ba moruo. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o hloka taolo e tiileng ea maemo a ts'ebetso. Khase ea Hydrogen cyanide e chefo haholo, 'me ho lutla leha e le hofe nakong ea ts'ebetso ho ka baka tšokelo e kholo tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Ka hona, ho hlokahala mehato e phahameng ea tšireletso le ho tiisa lisebelisoa.

Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Likokoana-hloko

Molao-motheo: Likokoana-hloko tse ling li na le matla a ho bola cyanide. Ho Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Likokoana-hloko, libaktheria tse itseng kapa li-fungus li sebelisoa ho senya cyanide litšila tsa metsi. Likokoana-hloko tsena li ka sebelisa cyanide joalo ka mohloli oa khabone kapa naetrojene ka letoto la li-enzymatic reaction, tsa e fetola lintho tse seng chefo joalo ka carbon dioxide, metsi le ammonia. Mohlala, libaktheria tse ling tsa cyanide - tse nyenyefatsang li ka senya cyanide hore e be metsoako e seng kotsi haholo ka mekhoa ea metabolism.

Melemo le Likotsi: Mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko e batla e le botsoalle ho tikoloho kaha ha e hlahise palo e kholo ea li-reagents tsa lik'hemik'hale. Li ka ba litšenyehelo - li sebetsa hantle bakeng sa ho alafa cyanide e tlase - e nang le litšila tsa metsi nakong ea ts'ebetso ea nako e telele. Leha ho le joalo, li ela hloko maemo a tikoloho a kang mocheso, pH, le boteng ba lintho tse ling tse chefo litšila. Ts'ebetso ea kalafo e kanna ea hloka nako e batlang e le telele ho fihlela phello e lakatsehang ea kalafo, 'me ho hlophisoa ha pele ha mokhoa oa kalafo oa likokoana-hloko ho ka ba thata.

Litlhokomelo tsa Tšireletso nakong ea Phekolo

Ha o phekola litšila tsa sodium cyanide, tse thata Litšireletso tsa tšireletso e tlameha ho nkoa. Basebelisi ba lokela ho apara lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa ts'ireletso, ho kenyeletsoa lisutu tse hananang le lik'hemik'hale, liatlana, likhalase le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso ea ho hema. Sebaka sa phekolo se lokela ho ba le moea o kenang hantle, 'me lisebelisoa tsa ho arabela maemong a tšohanyetso tse kang liteishene tsa ho hlatsoa mahlo le lishaoara tsa tšireletso li lokela ho fumaneha habonolo. Ho feta moo, lits'ebetso tsohle tsa kalafo li lokela ho latela melao le litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa polokeho ho thibela likotsi le ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi le tikoloho.

fihlela qeto e

Phekolo e nepahetseng ea litšila tsa sodium cyanide e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho le tikoloho. Ka ho utloisisa likotsi tsa litšila tsena le ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea phekolo e kang alkaline chlorination, khatello ea hydrolysis, phekolo ea acidized, kapa phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, hammoho le mehato e tiileng ea tšireletso, re ka fokotsa ka katleho likotsi tse amanang le litšila tsa sodium cyanide. Ho bohlokoa bakeng sa liindasteri tse hlahisang litšila tse joalo ho tsetela litsing tse nepahetseng tsa kalafo le ho netefatsa hore lits'ebetso tsohle tsa ho sebetsana le kalafo li etsoa ka mokhoa o nang le boikarabelo le o lumellanang.