Phekolo e Nepahetseng ea Letlapa la Sodium Cyanide

Selelekela

Sodium cyanide e sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse kang merafo, electroplating, le tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ikhethang ea lik'hemik'hale. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebeliso ea Sodium Cyanide e hlahisa litšila tse nang le cyanide, 'me litšila tsa Liquid Sodium Cyanide , haholo-holo, li baka litšokelo tse kholo bophelong ba batho le tikolohong haeba li sa sebelisoe hantle. Cyanide e chefo haholo 'me e ka baka kotsi e kholo ho lintho tse phelang esita le ka bongata bo bonyenyane. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho sebetsana le litšila tsena.

Likotsi tsa Litšila tsa Sodium Cyanide

Chefo ho Batho

Cyanide e ka kena 'meleng oa motho ka ho hema, ho e ja, kapa ho kopana le letlalo. Hang ha e se e kene 'meleng, e ka ikopanya le cytochrome oxidase ka potlako liseleng, ea thibela ho hema ha sele le ho lebisa ho hypoxia ea lisele. Maemong a tebileng, e ka baka lefu le potlakileng. Esita le ho pepesehela boemo bo tlase ka nako e telele ho ka baka matšoao a kang hlooho e opang, ho tsekela, bofokoli, 'me maemong a mang, mathata a sa foleng a bophelo bo botle. Ha ho sebetsanoa le litšila tsa sodium cyanide e metsi , kotsi ea ho kopana ka phoso e phahame haholo, haholo-holo haeba ho se na mehato e nepahetseng ea tšireletso.

Tšusumetso ho Lintho tse phelang metsing

Litšila tsa cyanide ea Sodium e metsi , haeba li tšolotsoe metsing, li chefo haholo ho liphedi tsa metsing. Esita le ka bongata bo tlase haholo, li ka sitisa mesebetsi e tloaelehileng ea 'mele ea litlhapi, liphoofolo tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo le liphedi tse ling tsa metsing. Li ka ama ho hema ha tsona, kholo, ho ikatisa le tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Mohlala, ha bongata ba ion ea cyanide e le 0.02 - 1.0 mg/l (lihora tse 24), litlhapi li ka shoa. Cyanide e ka boela ea baka tšenyo ea nako e telele ho liphedi tsa metsing ka ho fokotsa mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang le ho sitisa ketane ea lijo.

Liphello ho Limela

Ha limela li pepesetsoa litšila tsa sodium cyanide, li ka ba le tšusumetso e mpe kholong le kholong ea tsona. Metsoako e phahameng ea cyanide e ka thibela kholo ea metso ea semela, ea fokotsa ho monya limatlafatsi, 'me ea ama photosynthesis. Libakeng tsa temo, sena se ka lebisa ho fokotseng chai ea lijalo le boleng. Ho feta moo, haeba litšila tse metsi tsa sodium cyanide li sebelisoa bakeng sa nosetso, li ka silafatsa mobu, tsa ama boleng ba mobu le ho hōla ha lijalo tse latelang.

Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Litšila tsa Sodium Cyanide

Alkaline Chlorination Mokhoa

Molao-motheo : Mokhoa ona o fetola pH ea sodium cyanide e metsi - e nang le metsi a litšila ho 8.5 - 9 ebe o eketsa li-oxidants tse thehiloeng ho chlorine. Li-oxidants tse thehiloeng ho chlorine, tse kang bleach (haholo-holo NaClO) kapa khase ea chlorine (Cl₂, e qhibilihang metsing ho etsa HClO), li arabela ka li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻). Mohatong oa pele, cyanide e oxidized ho ba cyanate (CNO⁻), e seng chefo haholo. Oxidation e eketsehileng e ka fetola cyanate hore e be carbon dioxide (CO₂) le naetrojene (N₂). Likarabelo tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka hlalosoa habonolo tjena:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Melemo le Mathata : Mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination o bonolo ho o sebelisa 'me o sebelisitsoe haholo. O ka fokotsa ka katleho litaba tsa cyanide metsing a litšila ho isa boemong bo tlase. Leha ho le joalo, o loketse haholoanyane ho phekola metsi a litšila ka bongata bo tlase ba cyanide. Haeba bongata ba cyanide bo le holimo haholo, ho tla hlokahala li-oxidants tse ngata tse thehiloeng ho chlorine, tse ka eketsang litšenyehelo tsa kalafo le ho hlahisa litšila tse ling.

Mokhoa oa ho hatella Hydrolysis

Molao-motheo : Mokhoeng ona, metsi a litšila a nang le sodium cyanide e metsi a beoa ka setshelong se koetsoeng. Alkali ea eketsoa, ​​ebe metsi a litšila a futhumatsoa le ho hatelloa. Tlas'a maemo ana, cyanide e feta liketsong tsa hydrolysis. Li-ion tsa cyanide li arabela le limolek'hule tsa metsi ho hlahisa sodium formate e seng chefo (HCOONa) le ammonia (NH₃). Tekanyo ea karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale ke:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Melemo le Mathata : Mokhoa oa hydrolysis o hatellang o na le mefuta e mengata ea ho ikamahanya le khatello ea cyanide metsing a litšila. O ka boela oa sebetsana le metsoako e rarahaneng ea cyanide. Ts'ebetso e batla e otlolohile mabapi le ts'ebetso ea karabelo. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng bakeng sa khatello le ho futhumatsa, e leng se etsang hore ts'ebetso eohle e be e rarahaneng. Ho phaella moo, tšebeliso ea matla le matsete a lisebelisoa li phahame haholo, e leng se fellang ka litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa kalafo.

Mokhoa oa Acidized

Molao-motheo : Mokhoeng oa ho etsa asiti, asiti ea sulfuric e eketsoa ka har'a sodium cyanide e metsi - e nang le metsi a litšila ho fetola pH ho 2 - 3. Tlas'a maemo a asiti, cyanide metsing a litšila e arabela ho etsa khase ea hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Kaha bongata ba khase ea hydrogen cyanide bo bonyenyane, 'me ho sebelisoa molao-motheo oa ho leka-lekana ha khatello ea moea, moea o fetisoa ka har'a metsi a litšila ho ntša khase ea hydrogen cyanide. Khase ea hydrogen cyanide e nkiloeng e ka kenngoa tharollong ea alkali bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape. Karabelo e kholo ea lik'hemik'hale ke:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Melemo le Mathata : E 'ngoe ea melemo ea mokhoa ona ke hore o ka khutlisa sodium cyanide, e nang le boleng bo itseng ba moruo. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o hloka taolo e tiileng ea maemo a ts'ebetso. Khase ea hydrogen cyanide e chefo haholo, 'me ho lutla leha e le hofe nakong ea ts'ebetso ho ka baka tšokelo e kholo tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Ka hona, mehato e phahameng ea polokeho le ho koala lisebelisoa lia hlokahala.

Mekhoa ea Phekolo ea Likokoana-hloko

Molao-motheo : Likokoana-hloko tse ling li na le bokhoni ba ho bolisa cyanide. Mekhoeng ea Kalafo ea Baeloji , libaktheria kapa li-fungus tse itseng li sebelisoa ho senya cyanide ka har'a litšila tsa metsi. Likokoana-hloko tsena li ka sebelisa cyanide e le mohloli oa khabone kapa naetrojene ka letoto la liketso tsa enzymatic, li e fetola lintho tse seng chefo tse kang carbon dioxide, metsi le ammonia. Mohlala, libaktheria tse ling tse senyang cyanide li ka qhaqha cyanide hore e be metsoako e seng kotsi haholo ka litsela tsa metabolism.

Melemo le Mathata : Mekhoa ea phekolo ea baeloji e mosa haholo tikolohong kaha ha e hlahise palo e kholo ea li-reagent tsa lik'hemik'hale. Li ka ba le litšenyehelo tse ntle bakeng sa ho phekola litšila tse nang le cyanide e nang le mahloriso a tlase nakong ea ts'ebetso ea nako e telele. Leha ho le joalo, li na le kutloelo-bohloko linthong tsa tikoloho tse kang mocheso, pH, le boteng ba lintho tse ling tse chefo litšila. Ts'ebetso ea kalafo e ka boela ea nka nako e telele ho fihlela phello e lakatsehang ea kalafo, 'me ho hlongoa ha pele ha sistimi ea kalafo ea baeloji ho ka ba thata.

Litlhokomelo tsa Tšireletso nakong ea Phekolo

Ha ho phekoloa litšila tse metsi tsa sodium cyanide, ho lokela ho nkuoa mehato e tiileng ea ho itšireletsa . Basebetsi ba lokela ho apara lisebelisoa tse loketseng tsa ho itšireletsa, ho kenyeletsoa le lisutu tse sa keneleng lik'hemik'hale, liatlana, likhalase tsa mahlo le lisebelisoa tsa tšireletso ea ho hema. Sebaka sa kalafo se lokela ho ba le moea o kenang hantle, 'me lisebelisoa tsa karabelo ea tšohanyetso tse kang liteishene tsa ho hlatsoa mahlo le lishaoara tsa polokeho li lokela ho fumaneha habonolo. Ho phaella moo, mesebetsi eohle ea kalafo e lokela ho latela melao le maemo a ts'ireletso a amehang ho thibela likotsi le ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi le tikoloho.

fihlela qeto e

Phekolo e nepahetseng ea litšila tsa sodium cyanide e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho le tikoloho. Ka ho utloisisa likotsi tsa litšila tsena le ho sebelisa mekhoa e nepahetseng ea phekolo e kang alkaline chlorination, khatello ea hydrolysis, phekolo ea acidized, kapa phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, hammoho le mehato e tiileng ea tšireletso, re ka fokotsa ka katleho likotsi tse amanang le litšila tsa sodium cyanide. Ho bohlokoa bakeng sa liindasteri tse hlahisang litšila tse joalo ho tsetela litsing tse nepahetseng tsa kalafo le ho netefatsa hore lits'ebetso tsohle tsa ho sebetsana le kalafo li etsoa ka mokhoa o nang le boikarabelo le o lumellanang.