Uphononongo loMfuniselo kwiiNdlela zoNyango lweCyanide-Ulwelo oluMbi kuMgodi weGolide

intshayelelo

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, unyango lwe i-cyanideUlwelo olungekho mgangathweni lubaluleke kakhulu. I-cyanide-poor liquid, efana nesisombululo emva kokutsalwa kwegolide kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation, iqulethe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokungcola, ngokukodwa iikhompawundi ze-cyanide, ezinokubangela ungcoliseko olubi lwendalo ukuba aluphathwa kakuhle. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhlisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko Iindlela zonyango kuba i-cyanide-poor liquid ngumsebenzi ongxamisekileyo. Esi sithuba seblogi sigxile kuphononongo lovavanyo lweendlela zonyango lwe-cyanide-imbi kakhulu engamanzi kwindawo ethile Umgodi wegolide, ejolise ekunikeni ulwazi oluxabisekileyo kunye nezalathiso kushishino.

Amagqabantshintshi eNdlela zokuNyangwa kolwelwe ngeCyanide-Poor

Ngokubanzi, iindlela zonyango lwe-cyanide-imbi kakhulu ulwelo zinokwahlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini: iindlela zokucoca kunye neendlela zokubuyisela (ukuvuselela).

Iindlela zokucoca

1.I-Alkali-Chlorine Oxidation Method

• Le yindlela esele ikhulile yokutshabalalisa iicyanides kumanzi amdaka kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo ze-electroplating, izityalo zokuphekela, kunye nezityalo zokunyibilikisa igolide. Ngaphantsi kwemeko ye-pH 11 - 12. IiCyanides kunye nee-ion zesinyithi ezintsonkothileyo emanzini amdaka aqulethe i-cyanide ziyanyibilikiswa zibe yi-cyanates, kwaye emva koko i-chlorine yongezwa okwesibini ukuze inyibilikiswe zibe yi-oxidize ICarbon i-dioxide, i-nitrogen, njl.

• eziluncedo: Inkqubo ikhulile ngokwentelekiso, ineziphumo ezilungileyo zonyango kunye nesicelo esibanzi. Inkqubo yonyango inokuzenzekela ngokulula.

• nezingeloncedo: I-Cyanides ayinakuphinda isetyenziswe, iindleko zonyango ziphezulu, kwaye azikwazi ukususa ii-iron-cyanide complexes. Kukwakho nengxaki yongcoliseko lwesibini.

2.I-Sulfur Dioxide - Indlela ye-Air Oxidation

• Kwi-container edibeneyo, i-liquid inkunkuma yongezwa, kwaye umoya kunye ne-SO₂ (ulwelo okanye igesi, okanye isisombululo se-sulfite, okanye esifunyenwe ngokutshisa i-sulfure elemental) zingeniswa. I-pH ilawulwa kwi-7 - 10. kwaye i-lime isetyenziselwa ukumisa i-asidi eveliswa ngexesha le-oxidation reaction. Ukusabela kufuna ubukho bobhedu olunyibilikayo (njenge-catalyst).

• Indlela ye-Inco - SO₂/i-oxidation yomoya inokubola zonke ii-cyanides, kubandakanywa ne-iron-cyanides, kunye ne-iron-cyanides zinokugqithiswa kwaye zisuswe ngokusebenzisa ezinye ii-reagents ezikhuselekileyo nezingabizi.

3.I-Hydrogen Peroxide Indlela

• Le nkqubo ifanelekile ukunyanga amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide ephantsi. Ihydrogen peroxide inokonakalisa icyanide kwimisila ibe buthathaka kwaye ngokulula i-hydrolyzed cyanic acid (HCNO), ethi emva koko isuswe yioxidation eyongezelelweyo kunye nehydrolysis.

4.I-Ozone Oxidation Indlela

• I-ozone yinto eyomeleleyo ye-oxidizing. Xa isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide, iphelele ngakumbi kunendlela ye-alkali-chlorine oxidation, eneziphumo ezingcono zokususa i-cyanide. Emva kwe-ozonation, i-oksijini enyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo samanzi amdaka iyanda, enokuthi ibuyiselwe kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation ukuze iphinde isetyenziswe, iququzelele ukuchithwa kwegolide kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide.

• eziluncedo: Umsebenzi ulula kwaye ulungele, kulula ukulawula, kwaye iqondo lokuzenzekelayo imveliso liphezulu. I-ozone inokuveliswa kwindawo, ebaluleke kakhulu kwizityalo ze-cyanidation ezinothutho olungahambi kakuhle kodwa umbane owaneleyo. Ukusebenza kokucoca kuphezulu, kwaye akukho ngcoliseko lwesibini lwenziwayo.

• nezingeloncedo: Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuvelisa i-ozone inkulu, kwaye ixabiso lemveliso liphezulu, elithintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo okubanzi.

5.Electrolytic Oxidation Indlela

• Phambi kwe-electrolysis, qala ulungise i-pH yolwelo olukwi-cyanide-poor ukuya kwi>7. yongeza inani elincinci letyuwa, sebenzisa i-graphite njenge-anode kunye ne-titanium plate njenge-cathode, kwaye usebenzise i-alkaline yethusi - isisombululo se-zinc njenge-electrolyte. Xa umbane othe ngqo ugqithiswa, ubhedu lwesinyithi kunye ne-zinc ziveliswa kwi-cathode, kwaye i-hydrogen nayo iveliswa. Kwi-anode, i-CN⁻ i-oxidized kwi-CNO⁻, CO₂, N₂, kunye ne-Cl⁻ i-oxidized kwi-Cl₂, kwaye i-Cl₂ ingena kwisisombululo sokuvelisa i-HClO.

6.I-Microbial Oxidation Indlela

• Le ndlela isebenzisa iipropathi zebiochemical of microorganisms ukubola icyanides, thiocyanates, ne iron-cyanides, ivelise iammonia, ikharbon diokside, nesulfates, okanye ihydrolyzing cyanides ibe yiformamide. Ngelo xesha, iibhaktheriya zibhengeza i-ion zensimbi enzima, zibangela ukuba ziwe kunye ne-biofilm kwaye zisuswe.

• Uphawu Olubalulekileyo: Ubushushu bufuna ukugcinwa ngaphezulu kwe-10℃ ngawo onke amaxesha ukugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokususwa kwe-cyanide.

Ukubuyisela (Ukuzalwa kwakhona) Iindlela

1.I-Acidification Method

• Umgaqo oyintloko wale ndlela kukongeza i-asidi ye-sulfuric kumanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide, ukulungelelanisa i-pH malunga ne-1.5. kwaye uguqule i-CN⁻ ibe yi-HCN. Irhasi yeHCN ephunyukileyo ifakwa kwisixhobo sokufunxa kwaye ifunxwe sisinyibiliko se-alkaline (i-sodium hydroxide okanye isisombululo se-calcium hydroxide) ukuze kufumaneke isisombululo se-cyanide esingama-20-30%, esinokuphinda sisetyenziswe.

• eziluncedo: Le nkqubo inokwandisa ukubuyiswa kwee-cyanides, ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanides, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.

• nezingeloncedo: Ixabiso lexesha elilodwa lotyalo-mali likhulu, ukuhamba kwenkqubo kuyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye kunzima ukuba i-cyanide ecocekileyo equlethe i-residual liquid ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhupha.

2.Ion Exchange Indlela

• Kunyango lwe-cyanide-poor liquid, i-ion exchange resins ingasetyenziselwa ukutyebisa i-cyanides.

3.Indlela yeAdsorption

• Ufakelo lweCarbon olusebenzayo: Ukufunxwa kwe Ikhabhoni esebenzayo Ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimbobo zayo ezininzi zangaphakathi kunye nendawo enkulu yomphezulu othile. Inkqubo yokufunxa ibandakanya ukufunxa ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokufunxa ngamakhemikhali. Ukususwa kwe-cyanide ikakhulu kuneendlela ezintathu: ukufunxa, ukufunxa, kunye nokuhluza. Inkqubo ephambili kukusabela kokufunxa nge-oxidative kwe-cyanides emanzini amdaka aqulethe i-cyanide kunye ne-hydrogen peroxide kumphezulu we-activated carbon.

4.Indlela yokuZinyibilikisa yokuZinyibilikisa

• Izinyibilikisi zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha izinto ezixabisekileyo kunye neecyanides kulwelo olungekho mgangathweni wecyanide.

5.Indlela yolwelo lweMembrane

• Kunyango lwe-cyanide-poor liquid, i-oyile-in - inkqubo yamanzi isetyenziswa kakhulu. Umgaqo osisiseko ngulo: okokuqala, yenza i-acidify amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide ukuguqula iiyoni ze-cyanide kuwo zibe yi-HCN. I-HCN idlula kwi-oyile-isigaba solwelo lwe-membrane kwisigaba samanzi sangaphakathi kwaye iphinde iphendule nge-NaOH ukuvelisa i-NaCN.

6.Electrodialysis Indlela

• Le ndlela isebenzisa intsimi yombane ukuze iqhube ukufuduka kwe-ion ngokusebenzisa i-ion - i-membrane yokutshintshiselana ukufezekisa ukwahlukana kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto.

Uphononongo loMfuniselo kuMgodi weGolide we-Cyanide-Lwelo oluMbi

Imvelaphi yoVavanyo

Ulwelo oluhlwempuzekileyo lwe-cyanide lomgodi wegolide lunomthamo we-cyanide ophezulu ngokukodwa, ofikelela kwi-13000mg/L. I-cyanide ephezulu yoxinaniso - equlethe amanzi amdaka ibeka isoyikiso esikhulu kwindalo kwaye ifuna unyango olusebenzayo.

Iindlela zovavanyo

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Indlela yeAdsorption

• Ngale ndlela, i-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kunye ne-chlorine dioksidi (i-ClO₂) zisetyenziswa okokuqala njenge-oxidants ukwenza i-cyanides kwi-cyanide - ulwelo olubi. Emva koko, i-carbon activated (C) i-adsorption iqhutyelwa ukususa ngakumbi ukungcola okuseleyo.

2.Ezintathu-Inqanaba le-Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Catalyst “M”) + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Ezintathu -Inqanaba le-Oxidation: I-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) kunye ne-catalyst ethile "M" isetyenziselwa i-oxidation yezigaba ezintathu. Oku kukuqinisekisa i-oxidation ecokisekileyo yeekhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zecyanide, kubandakanywa iicyanides ezintsonkothileyo.

• I-Chlorination Aeration: Emva kwenqanaba lesithathu le-oxidation, i-chlorination aeration yenziwa. I-Chlorine ifakwa kulwelo ngelixa i-aerating, enokuthi ikhuphe ngakumbi i-cyanide eseleyo-izinto ezinxulumene nezinye izinto ezingcolisa ukuncipha.

• C Adsorption: Okokugqibela, i-carbon adsorption esebenzayo isetyenziselwa ukubhengeza ungcoliseko oluseleyo olucolekileyo kunye nazo naziphi na izinto ezinxulumene necyanide ukuphumeza injongo yokucoca icyanide - ulwelo olubi.

Iziphumo zoMfuniselo kunye nokuThetha

1.H₂O₂ + ClO₂ + C Indlela yeAdsorption

• Le ndlela iphumelele iqondo elithile lokususwa kwecyanide, kodwa isiqulatho sokugqibela secyanide sisonke kulwelo olusenyongweni lwalusephezulu ngokwentelekiso, kusilela ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yesizwe yokukhupha.

2.Ezintathu-Inqanaba le-Oxidation (H₂O₂ + Catalyst “M”) + Chlorination Aeration + C Adsorption Method

• Le ndlela ibonise iziphumo ezanelisayo. Umxholo wokugqibela we-cyanide wancitshiswa waba ngu-0.44mg / L, ohlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhutshwa kwelizwe. Ukongeza, umxholo wezinye iintsimbi ezinzima nazo zadibana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zomgangatho wesizwe.

• Iindleko - Ukusebenza kakuhle: Ngokweendleko, nangona inkqubo ye-oxidation yezigaba ezintathu kunye ne-catalyst kunye ne-chlorination aeration eyongezelelweyo idinga imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-catalysts ethile kunye ne-chlorine, ngokubanzi, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi okanye iindleko eziphezulu, iindleko zifanelekile. Inokuphatha ngokufanelekileyo i-cyanide ephezulu - ulwelo olungekho mgangathweni ngelixa ilawula iindleko kuluhlu olwamkelekileyo.

isiphelo

Ukunyangwa kwe-cyanide - ulwelo olulambathayo kwimigodi yegolide ngumsebenzi onzima kodwa obalulekileyo. Ngophononongo lovavanyo kwi-cyanide - ulwelo olulambathayo lomgodi wegolide othile, kunokubonwa ukuba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinezibonelelo zazo kunye nezingeloncedo zazo. I-oxidation yamanqanaba amathathu (H₂O₂ + catalyst “M”) + chlorination aeration + C adsorption method ibonisa iziphumo zonyango ezifanelekileyo ngokwentelekiso kunye neendleko – ukusebenza kakuhle kwecyanide – ulwelo olubi olunomthamo wecyanide uwonke kulo mgodi wegolide. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuculo lusafuneka kwixesha elizayo ukuphuhlisa iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo, ezingabizi kakhulu, kunye nezokusingqongileyo ukuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide.