I-Uzbekistan: Ukuheha Kwesizwe Segolide kanye Namathuba Okuhweba e-Sino-Uzbek

Ihlezi enkabeni ye-Asia Ephakathi, i-Uzbekistan icwebezela njengetshe eliyigugu elikhazimulayo, ikhipha ukukhanga kwayo okuyingqayizivele. Lo mhlaba wasendulo, othwele isisindo sezinkulungwane zeminyaka zokuziphendukela kwemvelo komlando, unomqondo ojulile wamasiko kanye nemithombo yemvelo emangalisayo. Ikakhulukazi, ngobuningi bayo Izinqolobane zegolide bayitholele isihloko esihlonishwayo esithi "Isizwe Segolide."

Amazwibela Omlando Ocebile wase-Uzbekistan

Umlando we-Uzbekistan uhlehlela emuva emuva ku-2000 BC. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, liye labona ngokulandelana ukudlondlobala nokuwa koMbuso WasePheresiya, uMbuso WamaGreki ka-Alexander Omkhulu, uMbuso WaseKushan, kanye noMbuso WaseTimurid. Imiphakathi eyahlukene iye yashayisana futhi yahlangana lapha, yashiya ngemuva inqwaba yezindawo zomlando eziyigugu kanye namafa amasiko. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-15 lapho iqembu lesizwe sama-Uzbek lisungula owalo amakhanate lapho kancane kancane leli zwe lathola ubuzwe obuhlukile nobuzwe. Ngo-1924. I-Uzbekistan yaba yingxenye yeSoviet Union, futhi ngo-1991. isimemezelo sayo sokuzibusa kwaphawula ukuqala kwesahluko esisha ekuthuthukisweni kwayo kazwelonke.

Ithonya Elijulile Lenkolo

Ngokwezinkolelo zenkolo, ubuSulumane budlangile e-Uzbekistan, cishe abantu abangaba ngu-90% babambelele ku-Sunni Islam. Inkolo, njengesibopho esingabonakali, igxile ngokujulile ekuphileni kwabantu kwansuku zonke, inethonya elifinyelela kude ezindinganisweni zabo zokuziphatha, emikhosini yemikhosi, nokunye okwengeziwe. Kusukela ku-Eid al-Fitr ojabulisayo kuya ku-Eid al - Adha, umkhosi ngamunye ucwile emigudwini ehlukile yezenkolo namasiko, usebenza njengomzuzu obalulekile wokuthi abantu badlulise izinkolelo zabo futhi baqinise ubumbano lwabo lwesizwe.

Izimangaliso Zezakhiwo: Amagugu Amagugu Amasiko ase-Uzbekistan

Ubuciko nezakhiwo zase-Uzbekistan zingamagugu eqiniso amagugu ayo amasiko. I-Registan Square e-Samarkand, enye yezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu e-Asia Emaphakathi, ibonisa ubuhle bemibuso edlule ngezinga layo elimangalisayo nobuciko bayo obuhle kakhulu. I-Bibi - Khanum Mosque, ene-dome yayo ephakeme kanye namathayili aluhlaza ahlotshiswe kahle, iveza ubuhle obuyingqayizivele bezakhiwo zamaSulumane. I-Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum, enesizotha futhi ehloniphekile, igcina izinsalela zikaTimur namalungu omndeni wakhe. Isitayela sayo sezakhiwo, inhlanganisela evumelanayo yezinto eziningi, simi njengommeleli ovelele wobuciko bezakhiwo base-Uzbekistan. Lezi zakhiwo azibona nje ofakazi bomlando kodwa futhi nokugqama kobuciko namasiko, ziheha izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuthi zibambe ongezansi ngobuhle bazo.

Imithombo Yemvelo Eningi: I-Golden Advantage

Ngalé kwamagugu ayo acebile amasiko, i-Uzbekistan ibusiswe ngemithombo yemvelo enomona, ikakhulukazi izinqolobane zayo zegolide. Njengoba ikleliswe endaweni yeshumi emhlabeni mayelana nezinqolobane zegolide, izwe selifakazele ukuthi ligcina amathani afinyelela ku-6.400, asatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinjengeSifundazwe saseTashkent kanye neSifundazwe saseNavoi. Imayini yegolide iMuruntau, etholakala ogwadule lwaseKyzylkum, ingenye yezimayini ezinkulu zegolide eziwumgodi ovulekile emhlabeni, enezindawo ezigciniwe eziqinisekisiwe ezingaphezu kwamathani angu-4.500. Ngo-2021. ukukhiqizwa kwayo kwegolide kwafinyelela cishe amathani angama-62.2, okukleliswe kuqala emhlabeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwegolide kwaminyaka yonke kwe-Uzbekistan kusasele kumathani ayi-100, okubalelwa cishe u-3% wesamba somhlaba wonke, okubeka ngokuqinile phakathi kwamazwe ayishumi aphezulu akhiqiza igolide emhlabeni.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iMboni yeGolide yase-Uzbekistan idlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2024, ithembele emalini yayo ecebile kanye namasu okuhweba aqinile, izwe liye lavela njengomthengisi wegolide ohamba phambili emhlabeni. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindawo zayo zokugcina igolide, uhulumeni wase-Uzbek uhlela ukutshala imali eyizigidi ezingama-230 zamaRandi kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2024 ekufuneni, ekuhloleni nasekuhloleni izimayini zegolide, okuhloswe ukwandisa izindawo zayo zokugcina igolide zibe ngamathani angu-474. Lesi sinyathelo sibonisa ngokugcwele ukunaka okuphezulu kwezwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu embonini yegolide.

Indawo Yamasu kanye Namathuba Okutshalwa Kwezimali Okukhulu

I-Uzbekistan isendaweni ekahle enkabeni ye-Eurasia, isemngceleni wamazwe amaningi. Lesi simo esizuzisayo sokuma kwezwe akulenzi nje kuphela isizinda sezokuthutha esibalulekile esihlanganisa iMpumalanga neNtshonalanga kodwa futhi siyinikeza imithombo ecebile yezimbiwa phansi, engahlanganisi igolide kuphela kodwa nowoyela negesi yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, izinga lokuthuthuka nokusetshenziswa kwezimbiwa zase-Uzbekistan liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, okukhombisa amandla amakhulu okutshalwa kwezimali ezimayini. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe ase-Asia Emaphakathi aye wethula ngokulandelana izinqubomgomo zokuheha abatshalizimali bakwamanye amazwe, ngokuqhubekayo andisa imizamo yawo yokuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuhloleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithombo yezimbiwa kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemikhiqizo yezimbiwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Asia Ephakathi ne-China inesisekelo esiqinile sokubambisana kwezwe nezomnotho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi okuxhumana afana ne-China - Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan Railway kanye ne-China yesithathu - Kazakhstan Railway, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuphelele kwezindawo zokuhweba mahhala namapaki ezimboni zezimayini kulo mzila, kuzonikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokusimama kochungechunge lwemboni yezimayini kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka.

Ethembisayo Sino - Uzbek Trade Cooperation

Naphezu kwalokhu, ukubambisana kwezohwebo phakathi kweShayina ne-Uzbekistan kunesithembiso esikhulu. I-Union Chemical, umhlinzeki wamakhemikhali okukhipha igolide njenge- Sodium cyanide kanye ne-Mining Chemicals , ihambisana kahle nezinzuzo zemithombo yamaminerali ecebile yase-Uzbekistan. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Union Chemical inganikeza ukwesekwa kobungcweti kwamakhemikhali ekuthuthukisweni kwezimayini zegolide kanye nemboni yezimayini yase-Uzbekistan, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yamaminerali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithombo yamaminerali yase-Uzbekistan inikeza indawo enkulu yemakethe ye-Union Chemical, okwenza izinhlangothi zombili zizuze futhi zizuze imiphumela ngokubambisana.

I-Uzbekistan, lesi sizwe segolide esihehayo, idonsa ukunaka komhlaba wonke ngamagugu alo ayingqayizivele amasiko namandla amakhulu okuhweba. Iqhutshwa yi-Belt and Road Initiative, ukubambisana phakathi kweChina ne-Uzbekistan kwezohwebo, ukutshalwa kwezimali, kanye neminye imikhakha kuzomele kujule ngokuqhubekayo, ngokuhlanganyela kubhalwa isahluko esihle nakakhulu. Sinazo zonke izizathu zokukholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, ukubambisana phakathi kweChina ne-Uzbekistan embonini yegolide neminye imikhakha kuzoveza imiphumela ethela kakhulu, kulethe izinzuzo ezengeziwe kubantu bawo womabili la mazwe.