Isetshenziswa Kanjani I-Sodium Cyanide Ekuvuzeni Inqwaba Yegolide: Umhlahlandlela onemininingwane, okulula ukuwulandela

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) iyi-reagent esebenzayo ekuhlanzeni igolide le-heap yesimanje—enikeza amazinga aphezulu okubuyisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali aphansi, kanye nezomnotho ezinhle kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlola idiphozithi entsha noma wenza ngcono ukusebenza okukhona, ukulandela indlela ehlelekile kusukela ekuthatheni isampula ye-ore kuya ekususeni i-tailings kubalulekile. Ngezansi, sihlukanisa isigaba ngasinye sibe yizinyathelo ezicacile, ezicebile ngemininingwane ewusizo kodwa eziqondile ngokwanele kwabaqalayo.

1. Ukusampula Kwensimbi Nokwelashwa Kwangaphambili: Ukubeka Isisekelo

1. Ukusampula Okumele

• Kungani kubalulekile: Ukuhlolwa kwakho kwelebhu kanye nokuhlolwa kokuhlola kuhle kuphela ngamasampula owapha wona.

• Indlela yokukwenza: Hlukanisa idiphozithi yakho ngohlobo lwedwala (i-oxide vs. sulfide) kanye nezinga (eliphezulu, eliphakathi, eliphansi). Thatha amasampula amaningi, ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo kusuka endaweni ngayinye ukuze ukuhlukahluka kwesimo segolide, okuqukethwe kobumba, kanye nokungcola (ithusi, i-arsenic, i-sulphur, i-Carbon ) kuthathwe ngokugcwele.

2. Ukuchoboza & Agglomeration

• Usayizi womgomo: Gaya i-ore ibe yi-12-25 mm efanayo ukuze isixazululo se-cyanide sikwazi ukubhoboza kalula.

• Isikhathi Sokuhlangana: Uma i-ore inothuli noma icebile ngobumba obuhle (<75 µm izinhlayiya >10%), engeza usimende ongu-3-5% noma i-lime kanye nomswakama ongaba ngu-20-25%. Hlanganisa ukuze wakhe ama-granule angu-3-15 mm—lokhu kuvimbela izindlela zokugeleza ezikhethwayo (“ukuhambisa imifudlana”) futhi kuveze inqwaba efanayo.

3. Isifundo seMineralogical Basic

• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali: Ukuskena okuphelele kwezinto eziyisisekelo (ezinkulu nezilandelanayo), ukuhlolwa kwegolide, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesigaba sama-sulfide (isb., ithusi, i-arsenic, izinhlobo ze-antimony).

• Ukwenzeka kwegolide: Thola igolide elikhululekile uma kuqhathaniswa negolide elivalelwe ngaphakathi kwe-pyrite noma i-galena; lokhu kwamuva kuvame ukudinga ukwelashwa kwangaphambili nge-oxidative.

• Ubumba kanye nokuvuleka: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kobumba kunciphisa ukuvuleka—kungaba ukuhlangana noma ukuxubana ne-ore eqinile.

• Umphumela wobukhulu bezinhlamvu: Igolide elicwebezelayo (<38 µm) lincibilika ngokushesha kakhulu (ngaphansi kwamahora angu-48) kunegolide eliqinile (0.125–0.25 mm kungathatha izinsuku ezingafika ku-30).

2. Ukulungiselela Isixazululo Se-Cyanide: Amandla Okulinganisa Nokuphepha

1. I-Reagent Concentration

• Ukuvuza kokuqala: 0.08–0.10% NaCN (0.8–1.0 kg/m³) kokuhlasela kwegolide okunamandla ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-7–10.

• Ukususwa kokungcola: 0.04–0.06% NaCN ekugelezeni okuncishisiwe ezinsukwini ezingu-20–30 ezizayo.

• Ukuhlanza kokugcina: 0.02–0.03% NaCN noma amanzi alula izinsuku ezingu-5–7 ukuze kukhishwe igolide elisele.

2. Ukulawulwa kwe-pH

• Ububanzi bokuhlosiwe: 10.5–11.0

• Kungani: Kuvimbela igesi enobuthi ye-HCN futhi kugcina inhlanganisela yegolide ne-cyanide izinzile.

• Indlela: Faka i-quicklime (CaO) noma i-lime emanzi (Ca(OH) ₂ ) bese uqapha i-pH okungenani kabili ngosuku.

3. Ikhwalithi Yamanzi

• Okuhle: Amanzi athambile ane-Ca² ⁺ /Mg ² ⁺ < 50 mg/L

• Isizathu: Ama-ion okuqina angenza kube nzima ukukhiqiza ama-metal-cyanide complexes, achithe i-cyanide futhi anciphise ukubuyiswa kwegolide.

3. Ukwakhiwa Kwenqwaba & Nokunisela: Ukwakha Uhlelo Oluqinile

1. I-Liner & Underdrain

• Faka i-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane enamapayipi okuqoqa anezimbobo ukuze uthwebule wonke amaconsi esixazululo se-leach esikhulelwe (PLS).

2. I-Layered Stacking

• Ubukhulu bokuphakamisa: 1.5–2 m

• Ukuminyana: Kulula—kwanele ukugcina inqwaba izinzile kodwa hhayi kakhulu kangangokuthi ukumuncwa kwayo kuyaphazamiseka.

3. I-Irrigation Layout

• Sebenzisa ishubhu yokuconsa noma ye-microspray ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ekuphakameni ngakunye. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-reagent efanayo futhi kugwema amaphakethe omile.

4. Iziteshi zomoya

• Shiya izikhala ezincane zomoya noma faka amapayipi anezimbobo ukuze ugcine amazinga komoyampilo ancibilikile (≥4 mg/L) abalulekile ekukhipheni igolide.

4. Izigaba zokuLeaching: Ukulawula Okunembayo, Okunezigaba

• Umjikelezo ophelele: Ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-30-50, ezilungiswa ubulukhuni betshe kanye nezici zokukhululwa kwegolide.

• Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe isixazululo: Isixazululo esingenalutho esihlutshiwe siphinde sipompelwe enqwabeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide entsha.

5. Ukuqapha Nokubuyisela: Ukuvala i-Loop

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwansuku Zonke

• i-pH: 10.5–11.0 (phinda u-lime uma <10.3)

• Imahhala futhi i-WAD CN ⁻ : 100–250 ppm ayinayo; landela i-cyanide encibilikayo ebuthakathaka.

• I-oxygen encibilikisiwe: ≥4 mg/L ku-PLS

• Izinga legolide ku-PLS: Hlela ijika lokubuyisa ukuze unqume ukuthi uzowuqeda nini umjikelezo.

• Ukugeleza kwenqwaba: Qaphela ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokugeleza okubonisa ukuthi isibonakaliso siyavaleka noma siyahamba.

2. Ukubuyisela Igolide

• Ukumuncwa kwekhabhoni (CIC/CIP): I-PLS igeleza nge- Activated Carbon emunca ama-Au–CN complexes.

• I-Elution: Hluba igolide ku-carbon usebenzisa isixazululo esishisayo (70–80 °C) se-NaOH–NaCN.

• Ukubuyiselwa kokugcina: Ukunqoba ngogesi noma ukuna kwe-zinc kuveza udaka lwegolide olulungele ukuncibilikiswa.

3. Izidakamizwa ze-Detox

• Sebenzisa inqubo ye-SO ₂ – umoya (INCO) noma i-hydrogen peroxide ukunciphisa i-WAD CN ⁻ ngaphansi kuka-0.1 mg/L ngaphambi kokukhipha noma ukufaka inqwaba.

6. Ukuphepha Nokuphathwa Kwemvelo: Zero Compromise

• I-PPE: Gqoka njalo amagilavu ​​​​amelana namakhemikhali, isivikelo samehlo, izihlangu zobuso, kanye neziphefumula lapho uphatha i-NaCN.

• Ukuvimbela i-HCN: Gcina i-pH ≥ 10.5; qapha noma yikuphi ukwakheka kwegesi ezindaweni ezivalekile.

• Ukulungela Okuphuthumayo: Gcina ama-kit okwelapha i-cyanide eduze futhi uqeqeshe abasebenzi ngosizo lokuqala kanye nokusabela kokuchitheka.

• Ukuthobela imithetho: Landela imithetho yokuphatha i-cyanide kazwelonke, gcina izingodo ezinemininingwane, futhi uqaphe njalo inhlabathi namanzi endaweni ezungezile.

Imicabango Final

Ukusebenza okuphumelelayo kokukhipha inqwaba ye -sodium cyanide kuncike ekunakeni okucophelelayo kuzo zonke izigaba: ukusampula i-ore okumelelayo, ukwakheka kwe-reagent okunembile, ukwakheka kwenqwaba okuqinile, ukulawulwa kokukhipha inqwaba ngezigaba, ukuqapha okuqinile, kanye nokuzibophezela okungantengantengi ekuphepheni nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo.

Shaanxi United Chemical Co., Ltd. iletha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yobungcweti bokukhiqiza be-NaCN kanye nethimba elizinikele lokusekela lobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusebenza kwakho kwegolide kuthola ukululama okuphezulu ngokuncipha okuncane kwezinyawo zemvelo.

Xhumana nathi

• Ikheli: Room 1808, Jinhui Global Center, Qujiang New District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

• Email: info@unitedchemicalcn.com

• Ucingo: +86 173 9270 5576

Nika amandla isizinda sakho segolide ngobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe, obusebenzayo futhi obuphephile be-NaCN!