Isetshenziswa Kanjani I-Sodium Cyanide Ekuvuzeni Inqwaba Yegolide: Umhlahlandlela onemininingwane, okulula ukuwulandela

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) iyi-reagent ye-workhorse ku-leaching yegolide yesimanje-enikeza amanani aphezulu okubuyisela, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okuphansi, kanye nezomnotho ezihamba phambili. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlola idiphozithi entsha noma ulungiselela ukusebenza okukhona, ukulandela indlela ehlelekile kusukela ekuthathweni kwesampula yensimbi kuye kuye ku-tailings detox kubalulekile. Ngezansi, sihlukanisa isigaba ngasinye sibe izinyathelo ezicacile, ezinothe ngemininingwane esebenzayo kodwa eqondile ngokwanele kwabasanda kungena.

1. Ukusampula Kwensimbi Nokwelashwa Kwangaphambili: Ukubeka Isisekelo

1. Ukusampula Okumele

• Kungani kubalulekile: Ilabhorethri yakho nokuhlolwa komshayeli kuhle kuphela njengamasampula owaphakelayo.

• Indlela yokwenza ngayo: Hlukanisa idiphozithi yakho ngohlobo lwedwala (i-oxide vs. sulfide) kanye nebanga (eliphezulu, elimaphakathi, eliphansi). Thatha amasampula amaningi, ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo endaweni ngayinye ukuze ukuhlukahluka kwefomu legolide, okuqukethwe kobumba, nokungcola (ithusi, i-arsenic, isulfure, ikhabhoni) kuthathwe ngokugcwele.

2. Ukuchoboza & Agglomeration

• Usayizi oqondiwe: Gcoba insimbi ibe iyunifomu engu-12-25 mm ukuze isisombululo se-cyanide sibhoboze kalula.

• Nini ukuhlanganisa: Uma insimbi inothuli noma inothe ngobumba obuhle (<75 µm izinhlayiya >10%), engeza usimende noma umcako ongu-3–5% kanye nomswakama ongaba ngu-20–25%. Hlanganisa ukuze wenze ama-granules angu-3–15 mm—lokhu kuvimbela izindlela zokugeleza ezithandwayo (“ukwenza amashaneli”) futhi kukhiphe inqwaba efanayo.

3. Isifundo seMineralogical Basic

• Ukuhlolwa kwamakhemikhali: Qedela ukuskena okuyisisekelo (okukhulu nokulandela umkhondo), ukuhlolwa kwegolide, nokuhlaziywa kwesigaba sama-sulfide (isb., ithusi, i-arsenic, izinhlobo ze-antimony).

• Ukwenzeka kwegolide: Thola igolide lamahhala uma liqhathaniswa negolide elikhiyelwe ngaphakathi kwe-pyrite noma i-galena; Lesi sakamuva ngokuvamile sidinga ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwe-oxidative.

• Ubumba nokungena kwamanzi: Okuqukethwe kobumba okuphezulu kunciphisa ukukwazi ukungena—kungaba i-agglomerate noma ihlanganiswe nensimbi eqinile.

• Umphumela wosayizi wokusanhlamvu: Igolide elicolisekileyo (<38 µm) lincibilika ngokushesha okukhulu (ngaphansi kwama-48 h) kunegolide elimahhadla (0.125–0.25 mm lingathatha izinsuku ezingafika kwezingu-30).

2. Ukulungiselela Isixazululo Se-Cyanide: Amandla Okulinganisa Nokuphepha

1. I-Reagent Concentration

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqala: 0.08–0.10% i-NaCN (0.8–1.0 kg/m³) yokuhlasela kwegolide okunolaka ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-7–10.

• I-Mantenance Leach: 0.04–0.06% i-NaCN ekugelezeni okuncishisiwe ezinsukwini ezingu-20–30 ezilandelayo.

• Ukugeza kokugcina: 0.02–0.03% NaCN noma amanzi angenalutho izinsuku ezingu-5–7 ukuze kukhishwe igolide elisele.

2. Ukulawulwa kwe-pH

• Ibanga eliqondiwe: 10.5-11.0

• Kungani: Ivimbela igesi ye-HCN enobuthi futhi igcina inkimbinkimbi yegolide ne-cyanide izinzile.

• Kanjani: Engeza i-quicklime (CaO) noma i-hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂) futhi uqaphe i-pH okungenani kabili ngosuku.

3. Ikhwalithi Yamanzi

• Okuhle: Amanzi athambile ane-Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ <50 mg/L

• Isizathu: Ama-ion aqinile angenza i-metal-cyanide complexes, imoshe i-cyanide futhi inciphise ukutholakala kwegolide.

3. Ukwakhiwa Kwenqwaba & Nokunisela: Ukwakha Uhlelo Oluqinile

1. I-Liner & Underdrain

• Faka i-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane enamapayipi okuqoqa anezimbobo ukuze uthwebule wonke amaconsi esixazululo se-leach esikhulelwe (PLS).

2. I-Layered Stacking

• Lift ukujiya: 1.5-2 m

• Ukuminyana: Ukukhanya—okwanele ukugcina inqwaba izinzile kodwa hhayi kangangoba ingakwazi ukungena kalula.

3. I-Irrigation Layout

• Sebenzisa ishubhu yokuconsa noma ye-microspray ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo ekuphakameni ngakunye. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-reagent efanayo futhi kugwema amaphakethe omile.

4. Iziteshi zomoya

• Shiya izikhala ezincane zomoya noma faka amapayipi anezimbobo ukuze ugcine amazinga komoyampilo ancibilikile (≥4 mg/L) abalulekile ekukhipheni igolide.

4. Izigaba zokuLeaching: Ukulawula Okunembayo, Okunezigaba

• Isamba somjikelezo: Imvamisa izinsuku ezingama-30-50, zilungiswa ngobulukhuni bensimbi nezici zokukhulula igolide.

• Isixazululo sokuvuselela kabusha: Isixazululo esiyinyumba esihlutshiwe siphinde siphonswe enqwabeni ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa okusha kwe-cyanide.

5. Ukuqapha Nokubuyisela: Ukuvala i-Loop

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwansuku Zonke

• i-pH: 10.5–11.0 (phinda-lime uma <10.3)

• Mahhala & WAD CN⁻: 100–250 ppm mahhala; landela i- weak-acid dissociable cyanide.

• I-oxygen encibilikile: ≥4 mg/L ku-PLS

• Ibanga legolide ku-PLS: Hlela ijika lokutakula ukuze unqume ukuthi uzowuqeda nini umjikelezo.

• I-Heap permeability: Buka ukwehla kwezinga lokugeleza elivala isignali noma umzila.

2. Ukubuyisela Igolide

• I-Carbon adsorption (CIC/CIP): I-PLS igeleza ngekhabhoni ecushiwe ekhangisa ama-Au–CN complexes.

• I-Elution: Hlubula igolide kukhabhoni usebenzisa isixazululo seNaOH–NaCN esishisayo (70–80 °C).

• Ukutholwa kokugcina: Ukuna kwe-electrowinning noma uthuli lwezinc kukhiqiza udaka lwegolide olulungele ukuncibilika.

3. Izidakamizwa ze-Detox

• Sebenzisa i-SO₂-Inqubo yomoya (INCO) noma i-hydrogen peroxide ukunciphisa i-WAD CN⁻ ngaphansi kuka-0.1 mg/L ngaphambi kokukhipha noma ukunqwabelanisa.

6. Ukuphepha Nokuphathwa Kwemvelo: Zero Compromise

• I-PPE: Gqoka njalo amagilavu ​​amelana namakhemikhali, isivikelo samehlo, izihlangu zobuso, nezinsimbi zokuphefumula lapho uphatha i-NaCN.

• Ukuvimbela i-HCN: Gcina i-pH ≥ 10.5; qapha noma yikuphi ukunqwabelana kwegesi ezindaweni ezivalekile.

• Ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo: Gcina amakhithi e-cyanide antidote esandleni futhi uqeqeshe abasebenzi ekuphenduleni kosizo lokuqala nokuchitheka.

• Ukuthobela ukulawula: Landela amakhodi kazwelonke okuphatha i-cyanide, gcina izingodo ezinemininingwane, futhi uhlole njalo indawo ezungezile inhlabathi namanzi azungeze inqwaba.

Imicabango Final

Kuphumelele i-sodium cyanide ukusebenza kwe-heap-leaching kuncike ekunakekelweni okucophelela kuzo zonke izigaba: isampula ye-ore emele, ukwakheka kwe-reagent enembile, idizayini yenqwaba eqinile, ukulawulwa kokukhishwa ngezigaba, ukuqapha okuqinile, nokuzinikela okungantengantengi ekuphepheni nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo.

Shaanxi United Chemical Co., Ltd. iletha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 yobungcweti bokukhiqiza be-NaCN kanye nethimba elizinikele lokusekela lobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusebenza kwakho kwegolide kuthola ukululama okuphezulu ngokuncipha okuncane kwezinyawo zemvelo.

Xhumana nathi

• Ikheli: Igumbi 1808, Jinhui Global Center, Qujiang New District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China

• Email: info@unitedchemicalcn.com

• Ucingo: +86 173 9270 5576

Nika amandla isizinda sakho segolide ngobuchwepheshe obufakazelwe, obusebenzayo futhi obuphephile be-NaCN!