Izixazululo Eziluhlaza Zezimayini Zegolide: I-Sodium Cyanide Substitutes e-Indonesia

I-Indonesia iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke e-ASEAN, inendawo ewumhlaba engamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-1.919 kanye nendawo yasolwandle engu-3.16 million square kilometers (ngaphandle kwendawo yezomnotho ekhethekile). Izwe linothe ngezimbiwa phansi. Amaminerali amakhulu ensimbi ahlanganisa i-bauxite, i-nickel, isihlabathi sensimbi, ithusi, ithini, igolide, nesiliva; amaminerali angewona ezensimbi ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amalahle, i-limestone, negwadle. Kukhona nezinqolobane ezithile ze-zinc, i-mercury, i-manganese, i-lead, i-kaolin, i-andesite, isihlabathi se-quartz, i-feldspar, i-dolomite, i-bentonite, i-zeolite, i-phosphate, ne-gypsum. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi bokuhlola indawo, umsebenzi wezibalo obuthakathaka, namandla ampofu okuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza kanye nokusetshenziswa, uhulumeni unokuqonda okungaphelele kwemithombo yakhe yezinsiza. Sekuyisikhathi eside, imithombo yezimbiwa ithuthukiswe futhi isetshenziswa izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe. Ngokwezibalo ezivela eMnyangweni Wezamandla Nezimbiwa wase-Indonesia, izinqolobane zegolide zamaminerali kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwazo zimi kanje: izinqolobane zegolide zingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.91, nezinqolobane eziqinisekisiwe zamathani angu-3.200, asakazwa ikakhulukazi eSumatra, eSulawesi, eKalimantan nasePapua. Ngo-2023. ukukhiqizwa kwakungamathani angu-132, cishe amakhilogremu angu-890 amabha egolide athunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukumba igolide kuhehe osomabhizinisi abaningi baseShayina nabatshalizimali. E-Indonesia, izimayini zegolide ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngokwezimayini zegolide ezi-alluvial kanye nensimbi ene-oxidized. Inqubo yokukhishwa kwenqwaba esetshenziselwa ore oxidized yamukelwa kabanzi ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali kwayo okuphansi kanye nembuyiselo esheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwakhiwa kwe-heap leaching kuvinjelwe ukuthengwa kwempahla, imithombo yolwazi, nobuchwepheshe bokwakha, okuholela abanikazi bezimayini ukuthi baqale basebenzise. I-sodium cyanide.

Sodium i-cyanide ibeka izingqinamba eziningana e-Indonesia. Okokuqala, izindleko zokuthenga ziphezulu, ngentengo yemakethe elinganiselwa ku-50.000 kuya ku-60.000 RMB ngethani. Okwesibili, I-Sodium Cyanide inobuthi kakhulu; ukuhogela, ukumunca, noma ukumuncwa kwesikhumba kungaholela kubuthi obunzima. Okwesithathu, i-sodium cyanide ingaphansi kwemithetho eqinile kahulumeni wase-Indonesia, enezimvume eziqinile kanye nokuphathwa kokuthengisa, ukugcinwa, nezokuthutha. Lezi zinkinga ziqondwa kahle ngabatshalizimali bethu baseShayina, kodwa bekulokhu kunokuntuleka kwezinye izixazululo ezisebenzayo.

Kusukela ngo-2016. ama-ejenti amaningana okumba igolide ahambisana nemvelo athuthukiswa eShayina futhi asetshenziswe kabanzi. Shaanxi United Chemical yinkampani egxile ekukhiqizeni nasekucwaningweni kokuphuma kwe-hydrogen cyanide kanye ama-ejenti akhipha igolide anobungani bemvelo. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwe-ejenti ye-Shaanxi United yokukhipha igolide evumelana nemvelo kungangena esikhundleni se-sodium cyanide futhi isithengisiwe futhi yasetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kweshumi emhlabeni wonke, ithola ukunconywa okugcwele kumakhasimende.

1. Izici ze-ejenti ye-Shaanxi United yokukhipha igolide evumelana nemvelo yilezi ezilandelayo:

2. ziyimikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo neluhlaza (ihlolwe yiminyango egunyaziwe, imikhiqizo ihlukaniswa njengempahla ejwayelekile);

3. banezinga eliphezulu lokululama (elifanele ukucwiliswa kwenqwaba, ukucwiliswa kwamachibi, ukucwiliswa kokunyakazisa, njll.);

4. zinokuzinza okuhle (ezinezinza ezisebenzayo zengezwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka ezintweni eziyingozi ezifana no-S no-As);

5. banezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo (ezisetshenziswa kuma-ore oxidized egolide, ama-primary ores, i-sulfuric slag, i-concentrates yegolide, udaka lwe-anode, njll.);

6. kulula ukuzisebenzisa (inani le-pH lika-10-12. umthamo kanye nendlela ingahambisana ngokuphelele nezinqubo ze-cyanide);

7. anenani elifanele, ehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokutshala imali uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sodium cyanide.

Imiyalo yokusetshenziswa

1. Ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza:

1. Izinhlobo ze-Ore Esebenzayo: Igolide nesiliva oxide ore, ore bomdabu, high-sulphur futhi high-arsenic igolide ore, cyanide tailings, okugxiliswe igolide, izinsalela sulfuric acid, anode udaka, njll.

2. Izindlela Zokucubungula Amaminerali Ezisebenzayo: Ukuhlanza inqwaba yamanzi, ukuhlanza amachibi, I-Carbon-in-pulp (ukudonsa okuxubile), njll.

2. Ifomu Lomkhiqizo: I-powder eqinile noma ifomu le-granular

3. Indlela Yokuhlakaza: Ncibilika ngokuphelele emanzini endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa (ngokuvamile, ukuncibilika kungasheshiswa emanzini agelezayo noma ngokunyakaziswa ngokuphelele; ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwenqwaba, indawo yokuphuza ingakhiwa emaphethelweni echibi elimpofu lesixazululo ukuvumela amanzi abuyayo ngemva kokwelashwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe ukuze ageze i-ejenti yokukhipha igolide echibini lesixazululo elimpofu).

4. Ukulungiswa kwe-pH: Ngokuvamile, i-lime noma i-sodium hydroxide isetshenziselwa ukulungisa nokugcina inani le-pH phakathi kuka-10-12; lapho inani le-pH lamanzi elibuyayo liyancipha, i-alkalinity kufanele ilungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele; uma inani le-pH lihlala liphezulu kakhulu (lingaphezu kuka-12) isikhathi eside, lingaholela ekwakhekeni kwesikali se-alkaline esithinta ukukhangisa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe noma kubangele ukudlula koketshezi okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kokuvuza.

5. Isibalo somthamo:

1. Umthamo ungabhekiselwa enanini lokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide, futhi kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo zokucutshungulwa kwamaminerali futhi ubheke izimo ezifanele (imvamisa cishe i-1-2 g/t ye-ores yegolide ye-oxide, ne-concentration ye-ejenti yokukhipha igolide ngokuvamile egcinwe ku-0.3-0.8 ‰, elungiswa ngokuvumelana namamaki e-ore ahlukene kanye nezingxenye eziyingozi).

2. Indlela Yokubala Yemithamo: Umthamo owengeziwe we-ejenti yokukhipha igolide = (inani lokugxilisa ingqondo elilungile - inani lamanje lokuhlushwa elilinganisiwe) × umthamo wamanzi echibini lomthamo; isibonelo, uma izinga lokuhlushwa elilungile le-ejenti yokukhipha igolide lingu-1.5 ‰ (ngokusekelwe kumthamo wamanzi), futhi ukuhlushwa kwamanzi okubuya ku-0.6 ‰, ne-500 cubic metres yamanzi echibini lesisombululo esimpofu, khona-ke umthamo owengeziwe uzoba: (1.5 - 0.6) × 500 = 450 kg.

6. Inqubo Yokusetshenziswa Komkhiqizo: (Ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ku-heap leaching kanye ne-carbon leaching process)

1. I-Heap Leaching kanye ne-Pond Leaching Process: Geza i-ore eluhlaza, uyinqwabelanise/yihlanganise, i-leach, i-adsorb nge-activated carbon (i-zinc powder replacement), i-electrowinning, kanye nokuncibilika.

2. Inqubo ye-Carbon-in-Pulp (I-Stirred Leaching): Geza insimbi eluhlaza, igaye, i-carbon leach, i-electrowinning, kanye nokuncibilika.

Ikesi Eliphumelele Lokusebenza Kwegolide Elinobungani Nemvelo

Imayini yegolide i-Lingbao Wenyu e-Henan yenze izivivinyo zaselabhorethri nezezimboni isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obusha obunobuthi obuncane obukhipha igolide kuphrojekthi yayo ephelele ye-lime cyanidation. Ukuhlolwa kuzuze izinkomba zokucubungula ezifanele. Lapho ukucoleka kokugaya kungu-0.074mm kunokuqukethwe okukhulu kuno-90%, ukugxiliswa kwe-pulp kwakungama-40%, umthamo we-lime wawungu-3kg/t, isikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-alkaline sasingamahora ama-2, umthamo i-ejenti yokucwilisa igolide enobungani bemvelo kwakungu-600g/t, kanti isikhathi sokuvuza sasingamahora angama-24, izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide lifinyelele ku-95.60%. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa ibonisa ukuthi lesi siphehli singangena esikhundleni se-sodium cyanide enqubweni yokukhipha igolide. Njengamanje, i-reagent isetshenzisiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cyanide leaching, izinga le-leaching lenyuke ngo-1.4%, umthamo we-reagent wehliswa ngo-200g / t, futhi isikhathi sokukhishwa sifinyezwe ngamahora angaphezu kwe-12. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziya ubuthi be-leaching bemisila evela ku-ejenti yokucwilisa igolide evumelana nemvelo kwabonisa ukuthi amanani obuthi obuphumayo be-cyanide, ithusi, umthofu, i-zinc, ne-arsenic emisileni konke kwakungaphakathi kwemingcele evamile, evumela ukuchithwa okuqondile ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa kokukhipha ubuthi.

Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe i-ejenti yokukhetha igolide enobungani bemvelos, kuyadingeka ukuthi uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe enze izivivinyo ezigabeni zokuqala zokumba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindawo ezihlukene zezimayini nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ore zizoveza imiphumela ehlukahlukene nge-ejenti yokukhetha. Umthamo ofanele kanye nokuthi zengezwe yini ezinye izinto zamakhemikhali kufanele kunqunywe ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, uShaanxi United Chemical izohlinzeka ngazo zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze zikusize ekuqedeleni izivivinyo.

Ukuze uthole iziphakamiso zochwepheshe ezengeziwe? Xhumana nathi!

Amathiphu Afudumele:Uma ufuna ukwazi ulwazi olwengeziwe, njengengcaphuno, imikhiqizo, izixazululo, njll.,