Typically, gold is not directly recovered. Instead, ore is crushed to release gold, which then reacts with Sodium Cyanide in a process called cyanidation. The process is characterized by the following chemical reaction:After the metal complex (NaAu(CN)2) is formed, activated carbon will adsorb the gold cyanide complex from the gold bearing stream (pregnant liquor).
4 Au + 8(NaCN) + O2 + H2O = 4 NaAu(CN)2 + 4 NaOH
The diagram above depicts gold ADSORPTION on activated carbon’s graphitic plates. Gold alone is not soluble, and will not be readily adsorbed by activated carbon until it is cyanidated, forming a gold-cyanide coordination complex called dicyanoaurate. It is this gold-cyanide complex that is attracted to the tremendous surface area available on activated carbon, allowing for a variety of recovery techniques.
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