Babban Tsarin Leaching Cyanidation Agitation a Ma'adinan Zinare

Gabatarwa

Cyanidation leaching, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da masana'antu tun 1887. ma'adinai ne Tsarin Leaching cewa amfani Cyanide mafita azaman leaching jamiái don cire zinariya da azurfa daga zinariya da azurfa-dauke da ma'adinai albarkatun. Leaching cyanidation agitation yana daya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin a cikin leaching cyanidation, kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a masana'antar hakar gwal.

Ka'idar Leaching Cyanidation Agitation

Cyanide, kamar sodium Cyanide (NaCN), shine mabuɗin reagent a cikin tsarin cyanidation. Sodium cyanide wani lu'u-lu'u ne mara launi da haske, sau da yawa launin toka-rawaya saboda ƙazanta. Yana da narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, tare da narkewa cikin ruwa fiye da 20%. Lokacin da pH na maganin ruwa mai ruwa ya zama acidified zuwa pH = 7. Cyanide kusan gaba ɗaya ya lalace zuwa iskar hydrogen cyanide mara ƙarfi, wanda gas ne mara launi kuma mai guba sosai. A cikin maganin, hydrogen cyanide shine acid mai rauni, mai wuyar yin ionize, kuma ba shi da tasiri akan zinari da azurfa. Lokacin da ƙimar pH ta kasance 12. cyanide a cikin maganin kusan gaba ɗaya ya rabu cikin ions cyanide. Sabili da haka, dole ne a gudanar da aikin cyanidation a cikin matsakaici na alkaline.

Gabaɗaya, a gaban iskar oxygen, cyanidation leaching na zinari shine tsarin lalata na lantarki. Cyanide yana amsawa tare da zinari a cikin yanayin alkaline tare da sa hannu na oxygen, yana samar da rukunin cyanide na gwal mai narkewa da ruwa, don haka yana ba da damar narkar da zinare daga ma'adinai.

Tsarin Leaching Cyanidation Agitation

1. Shirye-shiryen Leaching Raw Materials

• Crushing: An fara ciyar da ɗanyen zinari da aka haƙa a cikin injin murkushe shi don murkushe shi. An raba tsarin murkushewa zuwa murkushewa mara kyau, murkushe matsakaici, da murkushewa mai kyau. Ana amfani da muƙamuƙi na muƙamuƙi da mazugi don murkushe matsakaita da matsakaita, galibi don karya manyan tama zuwa ƙananan barbashi, gabaɗaya tare da girman barbashi da ke sarrafa shi a ƴan santimita. Ana amfani da injin murƙushe guduma musamman don murkushewa.

• nika: Tamar da aka niƙa tana shiga injin niƙa don ƙara niƙa zuwa girman ƙwayar da ya dace. Yawancin lokaci, ana buƙatar girman ƙwayar ma'adinai ya kai -200 raga yana lissafin 60% - 90%, don haka ma'adanai na zinariya sun rabu sosai. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da injin niƙa irin nau'in ƙwal don niƙa, kuma ana amfani da nau'in ƙwal mai ƙyalli don niƙa mai kyau.

• Slurry Shiri: Bangaran tama na ƙasa yana shiga cikin tanki mai motsawa. Ana ƙara adadin ruwan da ya dace don daidaita ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, gabaɗaya ana sarrafa shi a 30% - 50%. A lokaci guda, ana ƙara masu daidaitawa kamar lemun tsami don daidaita ƙimar pH na ɓangaren litattafan almara zuwa 10 - 11. ƙirƙirar yanayin alkaline wanda zai dace da leaching cyanidation da hana rushewar sauran ƙazanta.

2. Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

• Leaching Reagent Ƙara: Ma'aikatan Cyanide irin su sodium cyanide (NaCN) ko potassium cyanide (KCN) ana ƙara su zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara da aka daidaita. A ƙarƙashin cikakken yanayin motsawa, cyanide yana amsawa da sinadarai tare da zinari don ƙirƙirar rukunin cyanide na gwal mai narkewar ruwa.

• Kayan Aikin Leaching: Yawancin tsarin leaching ana aiwatar da shi a cikin tankunan tashin hankali da yawa masu haɗawa. Za a iya raba tankunan tashin hankali zuwa nau'i uku bisa ga hanyoyin hadawa daban-daban: tankuna masu tayar da hankali na iska, tankuna masu tayar da hankali, ko tankunan tashin hankali.

• Yanayin Leaching: A maida hankali Sodium cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara yawanci 0.02% - 0.1%. Ana ƙara lemun tsami a lokacin aiki don yin pH na ma'adinai = 9 - 12. An cika iska don kula da mafi kyawun rabo tsakanin narkar da iskar oxygen da kuma sodium cyanide maida hankali a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Lokacin leaching gabaɗaya shine awanni 24 - 48 don tabbatar da cewa zinare ya narkar da cikakke.

3. Rabuwar Ruwa da Wankewa

• Rabuwar Ruwa Mai ƙarfi: Bayan leaching, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana fuskantar rabuwa mai ƙarfi ta hanyar kayan aiki kamar masu kauri da tacewa don samun maganin ciki mai ɗauke da zinari da ragowar leaching. Masu kauri suna amfani da ƙa'idar ɓarkewar nauyi don sanya ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi a cikin ɓangaren litattafan ma'adinai su daidaita zuwa ƙasa, kuma maɗaukakin shine maganin ciki mai ɗauke da zinari. Tace suna kara tace magudanar ruwan kauri don inganta tasirin rarrabuwar ruwa.

• Washing: Domin samun isasshen rabuwa tsakanin leach cyanide da ragowar leach, ana amfani da tsarin wankewa na matakai 3 - 5 na kauri, tacewa, ko haɗin biyun gaba ɗaya. Wannan babban aiki ne don leaching cyanidation. Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ita ce ci gaba da ɓata lokaci (hanyar CCD). Ana iya raba masu kauri da aka yi amfani da su a wannan hanya zuwa nau'in Layer-Layer da Multi-Layer. Yawancin abubuwan tattarawar cyanidation a China suna amfani da kauri mai kauri 2 - 3 don rarrabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi da ci gaba da wanke-wanke.

4. Zinariya farfadowa

• Hanyar Maɓallin Foda na Zinc: Ana saka foda na Zinc zuwa maganin ciki mai ɗauke da zinari. Zinc yana amsawa tare da hadadden cyanide na gwal a cikin yanayin ƙaura, yana rage gwal zuwa gwal ɗin ƙarfe kuma yana haɗe shi. Bayan tacewa, ana samun laka na zinari, sannan ana narkar da lakar ta zinaren ta hanyoyin kamar narke don samun danyen zinari.

• Hanyar Adsorption Carbon Mai Kunnawa: Ana ƙara carbon da aka kunna zuwa maganin ciki mai ɗauke da zinari, kuma hadadden cyanide na zinare yana tallata carbon da aka kunna. Bayan haka, ana samun zinari daga carbon ɗin da aka kunna ta hanyar matakai kamar lalata da lantarki. Ana iya ƙara wannan hanyar zuwa hanyar carbon-in-leach (CIP) da hanyar carbon-in-leach (CIL).

• Tsarin CIP: Da farko, ana aiwatar da leaching na cyanidation, sannan ana ƙara carbon da aka kunna a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara don haɗa gwal. A cikin tsarin CIP, leaching da adsorption ayyuka ne masu zaman kansu guda biyu. A cikin aikin adsorption, an gama aikin leaching a zahiri, kuma girman, yawa, da yanayin aiki na tankunan talla ana ƙaddara ta hanyar sigogin talla.

• Tsarin CIL: Ana ƙara carbon da aka kunna a cikin tankin leaching, kuma ana aiwatar da leaching da adsorption lokaci guda, wato, leaching da adsorption suna faruwa a lokaci guda. A cikin tsarin CIL, ana gudanar da ayyukan leaching da adsorption lokaci guda. Gabaɗaya, aikin leaching yana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da aikin talla. Saboda haka, girman, aeration, da dosing na tanki an ƙaddara ta hanyar leaching sigogi. Tun da adadin adsorption aiki ne na ƙaddamar da narkar da zinari a cikin bayani, don ƙara yawan ƙwayar zinariyar da aka narkar da a gaba - tankuna adsorption sashi kuma a lokaci guda ƙara lokacin leaching, 1 - 2 matakai na pre-leaching yawanci ana ƙara su kafin leaching da adsorption.

5. Maganin wutsiya

Tace bayanta Farfadowar Zinariya yawanci ya ƙunshi wasu adadin ragowar cyanide da sauran ƙazanta. Don buƙatun kare muhalli, wutsiya suna buƙatar kulawa da kyau. Hanyoyin magani na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hanyoyin iskar oxygenation (kamar sulfur dioxide - hanyar iska), bazuwar yanayi, ko hanyoyin haɓakar halittu don rage ƙaddamar da ragowar cyanide zuwa ƙasa da ma'auni na ƙasa da hana gurɓataccen muhalli. Za a iya zubar da wutsiyar da aka yi da ita ta hanyar tarawa ko wasu hanyoyin da suka dace.

Kammalawa

Agitation cyanidation leaching wani muhimmin tsari ne a cikin hakar zinare daga ma'aunin zinare. Ta hanyar jerin matakai kamar shirye-shiryen albarkatun kasa, leaching agitation, m - rabewar ruwa, dawo da gwal, da maganin wutsiya, ana iya fitar da gwal yadda ya kamata daga ma'aunin gwal. Duk da haka, saboda guba na cyanide, a cikin aiwatar da amfani Agitation Cyanidation Leaching, Dole ne a mai da hankali sosai ga samar da aminci da kare muhalli don tabbatar da ci gaba mai dorewa na masana'antar hakar gwal.