Reagents don Hana Leaching Copper a cikin Cyanidation na Zinare mai ɗauke da jan ƙarfe

Gabatarwa

Cyanidation wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita sosai kuma mai inganci don fitar da zinare daga ma'adanai masu ɗauke da zinare, musamman ma a yanayin ma'adanai masu ɗauke da tagulla. Ya dogara ne akan ikon cyanide ion s don samar da hadaddun abubuwa masu ƙarfi tare da zinare, wanda ke ba da damar narkar da zinare daga ma'aunin ma'adinan. Babban aikin sinadarai a cikin tsarin cyanidation don zinare shine 4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O=4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH. Wannan tsari ya kasance ginshiƙin masana'antar haƙar zinare tsawon sama da ƙarni saboda ingantaccen aiki da fasahar da aka fahimta sosai.

Duk da haka, idan ana maganar ma'adinan tagulla masu ɗauke da tagulla, kasancewar ma'adinan tagulla s yana haifar da ƙalubale masu yawa. Ma'adinan tagulla da aka saba da su da zinariya, kamar chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2), chalcocite (Cu_2S), malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3), da azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2), suna da tasiri sosai a cikin maganin cyanide. Misali, a cikin cyanide - mai ɗauke da matsakaici, chalcocite na iya amsawa kamar haka: Cu_2S + 4NaCN=2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2S. Waɗannan halayen suna haifar da shan cyanide mai yawa. Yawan shan cyanide ba wai kawai yana ƙara farashin samarwa ba ne, har ma yana da tasirin muhalli saboda gubar cyanide.

Bugu da ƙari, narkar da jan ƙarfe na iya tsoma baki ga hanyoyin dawo da zinare na gaba . Yawan jan ƙarfe a cikin maganin cyanide na iya rage ingancin samuwar hadaddun zinare da cyanide, don haka rage yawan fitar da zinare . Wannan saboda jan ƙarfe yana fafatawa da zinare don ions na cyanide da iskar oxygen a cikin maganin, yana kawo cikas ga daidaiton sinadarai da ake buƙata don narkar da zinare mai inganci. A wasu lokuta, kasancewar jan ƙarfe na iya haifar da matsaloli a cikin hanyoyin da ke ƙasa kamar su zinc - siminti ko carbon - a - ɓangaren litattafan almara (CIP) don dawo da zinare, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙimar dawo da zinare da rashin ingancin samfura.

Saboda haka, samun ingantattun sinadarai don hana fitar da jan ƙarfe yayin da ake fitar da tagulla mai ɗauke da ma'adanai na zinariya yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Irin waɗannan sinadarai na iya taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin fitar da tagulla, rage yawan amfani da tagulla , da kuma inganta ingancin hakar zinare gaba ɗaya, wanda hakan zai sa aikin haƙar ma'adinai ya fi dacewa da tattalin arziki da kuma kare muhalli. A cikin sassan da ke tafe, za mu binciki nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban da aka yi nazari aka kuma yi amfani da su don wannan dalili.

Halayen Leaching na Copper a cikin Maganin Cyanide

A cikin maganin cyanide, ma'adanai na jan karfe da ke da alaƙa da zinariya suna nuna halaye na leaching daban-daban. Ma'adanai na farko na jan ƙarfe kamar chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2) da chalcocite (Cu_2S), tare da malachite (Cu_2 (OH)_2CO_3), azurite (Cu_3 (OH) _2(CO_3)_2), bornite (Cu_5FeS_4), cuprite (Cu_2O).

Ana iya zubar da waɗannan ma'adinan tagulla a zafin daki (25^{\circ}C). Yawan leaching na jan karfe ya bambanta sosai, kama daga 5 - 10% zuwa sama da 90%. Alal misali, malachite da azurite, waɗanda suke da jan ƙarfe - ma'adanai na carbonate, suna da tasiri sosai a cikin maganin cyanide. Ana iya bayyana halayen malachite tare da cyanide a matsayin Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Wannan yana nuna cewa a ƙarƙashin aikin cyanide, jan ƙarfe a malachite zai iya narkar da shi yadda ya kamata.

Idan ana maganar yawan sinadarin zinare na jan ƙarfe, tsarin zubar da ruwa yayin zubar da ruwa yana da wasu alamomi na "asali". Shan cyanide yana ƙaruwa sosai. Gabaɗaya, ga ma'adanai daban-daban na jan ƙarfe, narkewar gram 1 na jan ƙarfe yana buƙatar shan gram 2.3 - 3.4 na Sodium cyanide . A lokaci guda, narkewar jan ƙarfe kuma yana cinye iskar oxygen a cikin maganin. Misali, a cikin tsarin zubar da ruwa na chalcocite, amsawar 2Cu_2S+8NaCN + O_2+2H_2O = 4Na[Cu(CN)_2]+2Na_2S + 4NaOH yana faruwa, wanda ba wai kawai yana cinye babban adadin cyanide ba har ma yana cinye babban adadin oxygen.

Bugu da ƙari, tasirin leaching ya zama mara kyau. Babban matakan jan karfe a cikin maganin cyanide zai iya rage yawan haɓakar zinari - cyanide hadaddun samuwar. Copper yana gasa da zinariya don ions cyanide da oxygen a cikin maganin. Sakamakon haka, ma'aunin sinadari da ake buƙata don ingantaccen narkar da gwal ya lalace. Wannan yana haifar da raguwar adadin leaching na zinari kuma yana iya haifar da matsala a cikin zinare na gaba - hanyoyin dawo da su kamar zinc - siminti ko carbon - in - pulp (CIP), wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin gwal - ƙimar dawo da ƙimar samfur.

Ma'aikata na gama gari don Hana Leaching Copper

Gubar Gishiri

Ana amfani da gishirin gubar sau da yawa azaman reagents don hana zub da jini na jan karfe a cikin cyanidation na jan karfe - mai ɗauke da takin gwal. Gishirin gubar da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da gubar nitrate (Pb(NO_3)_2), gubar acetate (C_4H_6O_4Pb\cdot3H_2O), da gubar oxide (PbO).

Misali, a ɗauki sinadarin lead acetate. Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙara sinadarin lead acetate kafin cire sinadarin cyanide zai iya hana cire sinadarin jan ƙarfe yadda ya kamata, ya ƙara cire sinadarin zinare da azurfa, da kuma rage yawan amfani da sinadarin Sodium Cyanide . Ga wani sinadarin zinare mai sinadarin jan ƙarfe 4.92%, lokacin da aka ƙara 150 g/t na sinadarin lead acetate kai tsaye kafin cire sinadarin, a ƙarƙashin yanayin niƙa mai girman barbashi -0.037 mm wanda ya kai 95%, lokacin cire sinadarin na awanni 48, yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide na 0.5%, pH na 12, da kuma yawan sinadarin pulp na 40%, za a iya rage darajar sinadarin zinare a cikin ragowar cire sinadarin zuwa 1.20 g/t, yawan cire sinadarin zinare ya kai 97.55%, adadin dawo da sinadarin azurfa shine 60.28%, kuma yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide shine 14.37 kg/t. Wannan ya nuna tasirin sinadarin lead acetate a wannan tsari.

Hanyar hana gishirin gubar na iya kasancewa da alaƙa da samuwar mahadi marasa narkewa. Misali, gubar na iya amsawa da sulfur - yana ɗauke da abubuwa a cikin ma'adinan don samar da sulfide gubar mara narkewa. Wannan halayen yana rage adadin sulfur - wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa waɗanda zasu iya amsawa tare da ma'adanai na jan karfe, don haka ya hana rushewar ma'adanai na jan karfe. Bugu da ƙari, gishirin gubar na iya rinjayar yanayin saman ma'adanai na jan karfe, yana rage tasirin su a cikin maganin cyanide.

Ma'aikatan Chelating (misali, Citric Acid)

Ma'aikatan zalunta, irin su citric acid, suma suna iya taka rawa wajen hana zub da jini na jan karfe a lokacin cyanidation. The chelating - nau'in leaching - ma'aikatan agaji kamar citric acid suna aiki ta wata hanya ta musamman. Citric acid yana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da hydroxyl, waɗanda za su iya chelate da ions masu cutarwa irin su Cu^{2 +}, Zn^{2+}, Fe^{2+}, da Fe^{3+} a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara don samar da tsayayyen chelates.

Alal misali, ƙungiyar carboxyl a cikin citric acid na iya daidaitawa tare da ions karfe ta hanyar guda ɗaya - biyu electrons na kwayoyin oxygen, samar da zobe - kamar tsari. Ta hanyar lalata waɗannan ions na ƙarfe, citric acid na iya kawar da mummunan tasirin su akan tsarin leaching cyanidation, kamar rage yawan amfani da iskar oxygen a cikin maganin. Bugu da ƙari, citric acid na iya hana rushewar ma'adanai na gangue kamar calcium - da magnesium - masu dauke da ma'adanai. Yana iya yin hulɗa tare da saman waɗannan ma'adanai na gangue, canza cajin su da kuma hydrophilic - hydrophobic Properties, yana sa su da wuya a narke a cikin maganin cyanide. Wannan hana ma'adinan gangue kuma na iya inganta "ingantaccen iskar oxygen" a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Lokacin da ma'adinan gangue ba zai iya narkewa ba, suna cinye iskar oxygen kaɗan, kuma yawancin oxygen yana samuwa don cyanidation na zinariya, wanda ke da amfani ga leaching na zinariya. Gabaɗaya, ƙari na citric acid zai iya taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau na sinadarai don cyanidation na zinari, rage tsangwama na sauran ions na karfe da inganta haɓakar haɓakar zinariya.

Wasu (Taƙaice Gabatarwa)

Baya ga abubuwan da aka ambata a sama - reagents da aka ambata, sarrafa taro na ion cyanide kuma na iya zama hanya mai inganci don raunana rushewar jan karfe. Lokacin da maida hankali na ions cyanide aka sarrafa da kyau a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon, za a iya rage yawan amsawar ma'adanai na jan karfe tare da cyanide. Alal misali, ga wasu zinariya ores tare da in mun gwada da high abun ciki na sauƙi - mai narkewa tagulla ma'adinai, ta hanyar ajiye taro na free CN^ - ions a wani gwada low matakin (kamar 0.05% - 0.10%), da rushe kudi na jan karfe ma'adanai za a iya muhimmanci slowed saukar, yayin da rushe kudi na zinariya main ma'adanai ne har yanzu in mun gwada da high, don haka da cewa ma'adinai na ma'adinai coyanide.

Wata hanyar ita ce yin amfani da tsarin ammonia - cyanide. A cikin tsarin ammonia - cyanide, ammonia na iya samar da hadaddun ions tare da jan karfe, wanda zai iya hana leaching na jan karfe zuwa wani matsayi. Duk da haka, saboda babban rashin daidaituwa na ammonia, yana da wuya a kula da kwanciyar hankali a cikin tsarin samar da masana'antu, wanda ke iyakance girman aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Ko da yake wannan hanya tana da fa'ida ta rage leaching tagulla, ƙalubalen da ke cikin aiki da tsadar farashi yana buƙatar ƙara magance su.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Tasirin Reagents

Tasirin reagents da aka yi amfani da su don hana leaching tagulla a lokacin cyanidation na jan karfe - masu ɗauke da zinare suna da tasiri da abubuwa da yawa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimta don haɓaka aikin cyanidation.

Kayayyakin Kaya

1. Nau'in Ma'adanai na Copper

1. Ma'adanai na jan karfe daban-daban suna da reactivities daban-daban a cikin maganin cyanide. Misali, jan karfe - carbonate ma'adanai irin su malachite (Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3) da azurite (Cu_3(OH)_2(CO_3)_2) sun fi mayar da martani idan aka kwatanta da wasu ma'adanai na jan karfe sulfide na farko kamar chalcopyrite (CuFeS_2). Malachite yana amsawa da sauri tare da cyanide bisa ga amsawar Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3+4NaCN + H_2O = 2Na[Cu(CN)_2]+Na_2CO_3 + 2NaOH. Wannan babban reactivity yana nufin cewa lokacin amfani da reagents don hana jan jan ƙarfe, ana iya buƙatar mafi girman sashi don ma'adinan jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi a cikin irin wannan ma'adinan jan ƙarfe.

2. Sabanin haka, chalcopyrite yana da tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin makamashi da ƙayyadaddun yanayin amsawa don narke a cikin maganin cyanide. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, har yanzu yana iya ba da gudummawa ga mahimman amfani da cyanide. Fahimtar jan ƙarfe mai mahimmanci - nau'in ma'adinai a cikin ma'adinan shine mataki na farko na ƙayyade abin da ya dace da reagent da adadinsa.

2. Abubuwan da ke cikin Ma'adanai na Copper

1. Mafi girman jan ƙarfe - abun ciki na ma'adinai a cikin ma'adinan, mafi girman yuwuwar yuwuwar leaching tagulla da daidaitaccen amfani da cyanide. Misali, a cikin zinari - mai ɗauke da tama mai abun ciki na jan karfe na 5%, adadin cyanide da jan ƙarfe ke cinyewa - halayen leaching zai fi girma fiye da tama mai abun ciki na jan karfe 1%. A sakamakon haka, reagent da ake buƙata don hana leaching jan ƙarfe dole ne a daidaita daidai gwargwado. Mafi girma - jan ƙarfe - ma'adinin abun ciki na iya buƙatar ƙarin adadin gishirin gubar ko abubuwan damfara don murkushe rushewar tagulla yadda ya kamata. Bincike ya nuna cewa ga kowane 1% karuwa a cikin sauƙi - abun ciki na jan karfe mai narkewa a cikin ma'adinan, yawan amfani da gubar - gishiri - mai hanawa na iya buƙatar ƙarawa da 10 - 20 g / t don kula da irin wannan matakin na jan karfe - hana leaching.

Yanayin Tsari

1. Cyanide Concentration

1. Matsakaicin cyanide a cikin maganin yana taka rawar dual - rawa a cikin leaching tagulla da tasirin masu hanawa. Lokacin da ƙaddamarwar cyanide ya yi ƙasa, ƙimar jan ƙarfe - halayen leaching yana raguwa. Alal misali, idan an kiyaye ƙaddamarwar cyanide na kyauta (CN ^ -) a 0.05% - 0.10%, za a iya rage yawan rushewar ma'adanai na jan karfe. Duk da haka, idan ƙwayar cyanide ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙimar leaching na zinari na iya zama mummunan tasiri.

2. Lokacin amfani da reagents kamar gishirin gubar, mafi kyawun ƙwayar cyanide don tasirin su na iya bambanta. A wasu lokuta, ana iya buƙatar ƙara dan kadan mafi girma na cyanide (kimanin 0.15% - 0.20%) don tabbatar da cewa gubar - mai hana gishiri na iya samar da mahadi marasa narkewa tare da sulfur - dauke da abubuwa a cikin tama, yadda ya kamata ya hana jan karfe. Amma idan ƙaddamarwar cyanide ya yi yawa, zai iya inganta rushewar ma'adanai na jan karfe duk da kasancewar masu hanawa.

2. pH Darajar

1. PH na maganin cyanide yana da mahimmanci ga duka jan ƙarfe na jan karfe da kuma aikin masu hanawa. Gabaɗaya, ana aiwatar da tsarin cyanidation a cikin matsakaici na alkaline, yawanci tare da pH a cikin kewayon 10 - 11. A wannan kewayon pH, ana kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na ion cyanide, kuma an rage girman hydrolysis na cyanide.

2. Ga masu lalata kamar su citric acid, pH na maganin yana shafar iyawarsu. Citric acid ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin carboxyl da hydroxyl waɗanda ke chelate da ions ƙarfe. A cikin tsaka-tsakin alkaline, ana haɓaka rarrabuwar waɗannan ƙungiyoyin masu aiki, suna haɓaka iyawarsu ta lalata tare da ions jan ƙarfe. Duk da haka, idan pH ya yi yawa (sama da 12), zai iya haifar da gefe - halayen da zai iya rage tasiri na wakili na chelating. Misali, a cikin maganin alkaline mai tsananin gaske, wasu karafa - rukunonin chelate na iya rushewa, su sake sakin ions na jan karfe da aka chela su koma cikin maganin.

3. Lokacin Leaching

1. Lokacin leaching na iya yin tasiri akan matakin leaching tagulla da aikin masu hanawa. Yayin da lokacin leaching ke ƙaruwa, ƙarin jan ƙarfe na iya narkewa idan ba a hana shi yadda ya kamata ba. Misali, a cikin tsarin leaching na ɗan gajeren lokaci (kasa da sa'o'i 12), adadin jan ƙarfe da aka leƙe zai iya zama ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi, kuma mai hanawa zai iya sarrafa jan ƙarfe cikin sauƙi. Amma idan an tsawaita lokacin leaching zuwa sa'o'i 48 ko fiye, sakamakon tarawar jan ƙarfe - halayen leaching na iya zama mafi mahimmanci.

2. A cikin yanayin gubar - masu hana gishiri, tsawon lokacin leaching na iya buƙatar mafi girman adadin farko na mai hanawa. Wannan saboda a kan lokaci, gubar - mai ƙunshe da mahadi marasa narkewa na iya cinyewa sannu a hankali ko kuma tasirin su na iya raguwa saboda ci gaba da kasancewar abubuwa masu amsawa a cikin maganin cyanide. Don haka, lokacin leaching yana buƙatar yin la'akari da hankali lokacin da aka ƙayyade adadin da nau'in reagent don amfani da jan ƙarfe - hanawa leaching.

Nazarin Harka da Aikace-aikace Masu Aiki

Hali na 1: Aikace-aikacen Gishirin Gishiri a Ma'adinan Zinare a Afirka ta Kudu

Wani ma'adinin zinari a Afirka ta Kudu yana sarrafa tagulla - mai ɗauke da taman zinare mai abun ciki na tagulla kusan kashi 3%. Kafin amfani da gishirin gubar a matsayin mai hanawa, tsarin cyanidation ya fuskanci ƙalubale da yawa. Yawan amfani da cyanide ya yi yawa sosai, ya kai kilogiram 15/t na tama, kuma yawan leaching na zinare ya kasance kusan kashi 80%. Babban abun ciki na jan ƙarfe a cikin ma'adinan ya haifar da rushewar tagulla a lokacin cyanidation, wanda ba kawai ya cinye babban adadin cyanide ba amma kuma ya tsoma baki tare da aikin zinare - leaching.

Bayan ƙara nitrate gubar (Pb(NO_3)_2) a adadin 200 g/t na tama, an ga canje-canje na ban mamaki. An rage amfani da cyanide zuwa 8 kg/t na tama, raguwar kusan 47%. Yawan leaching na zinare ya karu zuwa kashi 90%. Amfanin tattalin arziki yana da mahimmanci. Idan aka yi la’akari da farashin cyanide da kuma darajar ƙarin zinariyar da aka gano, ma’adinan sun yi tanadin kusan dala 50 akan kowace tan na ma’adanin da aka sarrafa. Daga mahallin mahalli, rage yawan amfani da cyanide yana nufin ƙarancin haɗarin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da ɗigon cyanide da zubarwa. Hakanan an rage yawan adadin cyanide mai ɗauke da sharar gida, wanda ke da amfani ga yanayin muhalli na gida.

Case 2: Aikace-aikacen Wakilin Chelating (Citric Acid) a cikin Ma'adinan Zinare a Ostiraliya

A cikin ma'adinan zinare na Australiya, ma'adinan ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai na jan karfe, musamman chalcopyrite da wasu ma'adinan jan karfe - carbonate. Tsarin cyanidation na farko ba tare da yin amfani da wakili na chelating yana da adadin leaching na zinari na 75% da adadin leaching na jan karfe na 30%. Yawan leaching na jan ƙarfe ya haifar da yawan amfani da cyanide, kusan 12 kg/t na tama.

Lokacin da aka ƙara citric acid zuwa tsarin cyanidation a cikin adadin 1 kg / t na tama, yanayin ya inganta. An rage yawan leaching na jan karfe zuwa kashi 10%, kuma adadin leaching na zinare ya karu zuwa 85%. Amfanin cyanide ya ragu zuwa 6 kg/t na tama. Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, farashin ƙarar citric acid ya ɗan yi kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da tanadin da ake samu a cikin cin abinci na cyanide da ƙarar dawo da zinariya. Ma'adinan ya kiyasta cewa zai iya kara yawan ribar da yake samu a shekara da kusan dala 300,000. Muhalli, raguwar leaching tagulla yana nufin ƙarancin tagulla - mai ɗauke da ruwa mai datti, wanda ke da sauƙin magani kuma yana da ƙarancin tasiri ga albarkatun ruwa a yankin da ke kewaye.

Hali na 3: Aikace-aikacen Sabon Mai hanawa (MZY) a cikin Ma'adinan Zinare na kasar Sin

Wani ma'adinin zinari a China yana mu'amala da tagulla mai jujjuyawa - mai dauke da takin zinare. Tsarin cyanidation na gargajiya yana da adadin leaching na zinari na 70% kawai da kuma yawan leaching na tagulla, wanda ya haifar da yawan amfani da cyanide. Bayan ƙara sabon inhibitor MZY a wani sashi, tare da ingantaccen yanayin tsari ciki har da ƙari na 18 kg / t na lemun tsami da 1.2 kg / t na sodium cyanide, adadin leaching na zinariya ya kai 83% - 84%, kuma an rage yawan leaching na jan karfe zuwa 4% - 5%.

Wannan sabon tsari ba wai kawai ya inganta gwal - ingancin leaching ba amma kuma ya rage yawan amfani da cyanide. Fa'idodin tattalin arziƙin sun kasance ninki biyu: haɓakar haɓakar zinare ya ƙara ƙarin ƙima ga samarwa, da rage yawan amfani da cyanide ya ceci farashi. Dangane da kariyar muhalli, ƙarancin amfani da cyanide da ƙarancin jan ƙarfe - wanda ya ƙunshi sharar gida ya rage nauyin muhalli, yana sa aikin hakar ma'adinai ya kasance mai dorewa. Wadannan nazarin shari'o'in sun nuna a sarari fa'idar amfani da reagents don hana jan jan karfe a cikin cyanidation na jan karfe - dauke da takin zinare, duka cikin fa'idodin tattalin arziki da kariyar muhalli.

Kammalawa

A cikin tsarin cyanidation na jan karfe - dauke da ores na zinariya, leaching na jan karfe ba wai kawai yana haifar da yawan amfani da cyanide ba amma kuma yana da mummunar tasiri a kan leaching na zinari da zinariya na gaba - matakai na dawowa. Saboda haka, yin amfani da reagents don hana leaching tagulla yana da mahimmanci.

Lead salts, kamar gubar nitrate, gubar acetate, da gubar oxide, iya yadda ya kamata hana jan karfe leaching ta hanyar kafa maras narkewa mahadi tare da sulfur - dauke da abubuwa a cikin tama ko canza surface Properties na jan karfe ma'adanai. Ma'aikatan chelating irin su citric acid na iya chelate tare da ions jan karfe da sauran ions karfe masu cutarwa, rage mummunan tasirin su akan tsarin cyanidation. Bugu da ƙari, sarrafa ƙwayar cyanide da amfani da tsarin ammonia - cyanide zai iya taka rawa wajen raunana rushewar jan karfe zuwa wani matsayi.

A tasiri na wadannan reagents yana rinjayar daban-daban dalilai. Kaddarorin Ore, gami da nau'in da abun ciki na ma'adinan jan karfe, suna ƙayyade reactivity na jan ƙarfe a cikin ma'adinan kuma don haka suna shafar adadin reagent da ake buƙata. Yanayin tsari kamar tattarawar cyanide, ƙimar pH, da lokacin leaching shima yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ayyukan reagents. Alal misali, ƙaddamarwar cyanide mai dacewa da ƙimar pH na iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na maganin cyanide da tasiri na reagent, yayin da lokacin leaching zai iya rinjayar tasirin tarawa na jan ƙarfe - halayen leaching.

Ta hanyar nazarin yanayin, mun ga ƙimar aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen waɗannan reagents. A Afirka ta Kudu, amfani da nitrate nitrate a cikin ma'adinan zinari ya rage yawan amfani da cyanide da kuma ƙara yawan leaching na zinariya, yana kawo fa'idodin tattalin arziki da fa'idodin muhalli. A Ostiraliya, ƙari na citric acid a cikin ma'adinan gwal ya rage yadda ya kamata ya rage leaching tagulla da amfani da cyanide yayin da yake ƙara yawan leaching na zinari, wanda ke da fa'ida ga bangarorin tattalin arziki da muhalli. A cikin ma'adinin zinare na kasar Sin, yin amfani da sabon mai hana MZY, tare da ingantaccen yanayin tsari, ya inganta zinare - ingancin leaching da rage yawan jan karfe - yawan leaching, samun sakamako mai kyau na tattalin arziki da muhalli.

Gabaɗaya, lokacin da ake hulɗa da cyanidation na jan ƙarfe - ɗauke da ores na zinari, ya zama dole don la'akari da halaye na ma'adinai da buƙatun tsarin, kuma zaɓi yanayin da ya dace da reagent da yanayin aiki. Future bincike iya mayar da hankali a kan kara binciko mafi inganci da muhalli m reagents, kazalika da inganta hade da reagents da tsarin sigogi cimma mafi inganci, tattalin arziki, da muhalli dorewa zinariya - hakar matakai.