Haɓaka Ma'aunin Farko na Zinariya ta hanyar Haɗin Amfani da Sodium Cyanide da Potassium Bromide

Gabatarwa

A cikin masana'antar hakar gwal da hakar gwal, haɓaka ƙimar dawo da zinare daga ma'adinai yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ya nuna alkawari shine haɗuwa da amfani da Sodium cyanide da kuma Bromide na potassium. Wannan shafin yanar gizon zai bincika yadda wannan haɗin ke aiki da yuwuwar fa'idodinsa wajen haɓakawa Farfadowar zinari.

Matsayin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Haƙar Zinare

sodium cyanide ya daɗe yana zama maɓalli mai mahimmanci a cikin Hakar zinare tsari. Hanyar cyanidation, wacce ta samo asali tun 1887 lokacin da aka fara amfani da ita don hako zinari da azurfa, ta kasance wata babbar dabara a masana'antar zinare ta duniya. Tsarin yana da sauƙin kai tsaye. Don ƙananan ma'adinan zinariya, an fara murƙushe ma'adinan zuwa girman da ya dace don ƙara girman sararin samaniya, yana sauƙaƙe amsawa tare da maganin cyanide. Bayan haka, maganin cyanide (yawanci sodium Cyanide narkar da cikin ruwa) an gabatar da shi. A gaban iskar oxygen, zinari a cikin ma'adanin yana amsawa tare da ions cyanide don samar da rukunin cyanide na gwal mai narkewa. Simplified sinadaran dauki shine: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na(Au(CN)₂) + 4NaOH. Wannan yana ba da damar gwal don narkar da shi kuma a raba shi daga matrix na ma'adinai. Sodium cyanide yana da alaƙa mai girma ga zinare, yana ba shi damar zaɓin narkar da zinare daga ma'adinan, koda lokacin da abun cikin zinariya ya yi ƙasa. Wannan zaɓin yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake ba da izinin hakar zinari daga ma'adanai inda sauran ma'adanai za su kasance da yawa da yawa. A yawancin lokuta, dangane da yanayin ma'adinai, cyanidation tare da sodium cyanide na iya samun ingantacciyar ƙimar dawo da gwal, galibi daga 50 - 80%, kuma a wasu lokuta, har zuwa 90%.

Aikin Potassium Bromide

Potassium bromide kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikin hakar gwal. Bromide - tushen hakar zinare tsari ne mai ban sha'awa wanda aka yi nazari sosai. Yin amfani da bromide azaman madadin ko haɓakawa a cikin aikin hakar gwal yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Yana da ƙarancin arha, yana da ƙimar leaching mai girma (daga 90 - 95% a wasu lokuta), saurin leaching mai sauri, ba shi da lalacewa a matakan da suka dace, kuma yana iya zama mara guba a ƙananan matakan. Lokacin amfani da a hade tare da sauran reagents, shi zai iya bunkasa da overall yadda ya dace na zinariya hakar tsari.

Haɗin gwiwar Sodium Cyanide da Potassium Bromide

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da sodium cyanide da potassium bromide a cikin tandem, za su iya haifar da tasiri mai tasiri. ions bromide daga potassium bromide na iya yin mu'amala da gwanaye-cyanide complexes wanda sodium cyanide ya kirkira. Wannan hulɗar na iya haifar da samuwar ƙarin barga ko kuma masu narkewa, wanda hakan zai iya ƙara haɓakar zinariya a cikin maganin. Alal misali, ions bromide na iya shiga cikin wani hali wanda ya canza tsarin zinariya - cyanide complex, yana sauƙaƙa don ƙara sarrafa gwal kuma a raba shi da mafita. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar bromide kuma na iya shafar abubuwan da ke saman gwal ɗin da ke cikin ma'adinai. Yana iya taimakawa wajen rushe duk wani abin rufe fuska ko ƙazanta akan barbashi na gwal, ƙyale ions cyanide daga sodium cyanide su sami mafi kyawun damar zuwa saman gwal, don haka yana haɓaka narkar da gwal.

Nazarin Harka da Sakamako

Yawancin karatu da aikace-aikace masu amfani sun nuna tasirin wannan haɗin gwiwa. A cikin wasu saitin gwaji, lokacin da ake kula da ma'adinan gwal tare da haɗin haɗin sodium cyanide da potassium bromide, ƙimar dawo da zinare ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da amfani da sodium cyanide kadai. Misali, a cikin wani bincike na musamman, adadin dawo da gwal ya karu daga kusan 70% lokacin amfani da sodium cyanide kawai zuwa sama da 85% lokacin da aka kara potassium bromide a cikin tsarin. A cikin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na gaske na duniya, wasu ma'adinan da suka yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar waɗannan reagents guda biyu sun ba da rahoton ingantattun 经济效益. Sun sami damar fitar da karin zinare daga ma'adanin ma'adinai iri ɗaya, wanda ba kawai yana ƙara darajar albarkatun ba amma kuma yana ƙara samun riba na aikin hakar ma'adinai.

La'akarin Muhalli da Tsaro

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duka sodium cyanide da potassium bromide suna buƙatar kulawa da kulawa. Sodium cyanide abu ne mai guba sosai, kuma amfani da shi da jigilar sa suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi masu tsauri. Duk wani maganin sharar gida mai dauke da sodium cyanide dole ne a bi shi da kyau don hana gurɓatar muhalli. Ana iya amfani da maganin hydrogen peroxide, alal misali, don oxidize da lalata sodium cyanide a cikin sharar gida, samar da sodium bicarbonate da gas ammonia. Potassium bromide, yayin da gabaɗaya ƙasa da guba fiye da sodium cyanide, kuma yana buƙatar kulawa da kyau don tabbatar da aminci a wurin aiki. Lokacin amfani da haɗin waɗannan reagents guda biyu, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai dole ne su aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idojin aminci da ayyukan sarrafa muhalli don rage haɗari.

Kammalawa

Haɗin amfani da sodium cyanide da potassium bromide yana ba da kyakkyawar hanya don haɓaka ƙimar dawo da gwal. Ta hanyar fahimtar hulɗar sinadarai tsakanin waɗannan reagents biyu da ayyukansu na mutum a cikin tsarin hakar zinare, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya haɓaka hanyoyin haƙar su. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don daidaita fa'idodin da za a iya samu tare da tsauraran matakan muhalli da aminci. Yayin da buƙatun zinare ke ci gaba da girma kuma adadin kuɗin zinare masu daraja ya yi ƙaranci, sabbin dabaru irin wannan haɗin gwiwa za su ƙara taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban masana'antar hakar gwal mai ɗorewa.