ʻO ka 20 mea nui loa i ka hana ʻana i ka minerala

ʻEkolu mau kaʻina hana o ka hana mineral: ka holoi ʻana, ka kuʻi ʻana, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana. I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā metala waiwai mai nā ʻores polymetallic haʻahaʻa i loko o nā concentrates kiʻekiʻe, pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano mea hōʻiliʻili, nā frothers, nā inhibitors, a me nā flocculants. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau mea he mau mea ʻawahia a ʻino, e like me nā cyanides , arsenides, chromates, nā alkyl xanthates like ʻole, nā phenols i pani ʻia, nā anilines, pyridines, hydro Carbons , alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, a pēlā aku. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo i ke kaiapuni ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai hoʻoheheʻe mineral a i ʻole ma o nā loko tailings, e alakaʻi ana i ka haumia lua a me ka hōʻeha nui i ke kaiapuni kaiaola. ʻO nā reagents hana mineral e pili nui ana i nā mea hōʻiliʻili, nā frothers, nā inhibitors, nā flocculants, nā modifiers, a me nā mea unuhi, nā mea hoʻomaikaʻi matrix extractant, a me nā diluents i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hydrometallurgy, e pili ana i nā haneli o nā hui synthetic inorganic a organic paha.

He aha nā mea koʻikoʻi nui i ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka minerala?

Ma waena o nā mea haumia 68 ma ka papa inoa ʻeleʻele o Kina no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā mea haumia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia he 24 mau mea hana mineral (me ka arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, MERCURY , nickel, thallium, keleawe, kēpau, a me kā lākou mau hui). ʻO nā mea kemika e hōʻino ana i ke kaiapuni e komo pū ana me Cyanides , hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, fluorides, arsenides, chromates, keleawe sulfate, zinc sulfate, carbon disulfide, sulfites, nā alkyl xanthates like ʻole, nā hui organophosphorus, nā alcohols momona, anilines, pyridines, hydrocarbons, alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, a me nā haneli o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua koho mākou i 20 o nā mea nui loa no kāu kuhikuhi. E nānā kākou!

Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Formula Molekala: C2H5OCSSNa

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka melemele māmā (a i ʻole granule) me kahi ʻala hoʻonāukiuki, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ka waiʻona, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hana i nā hui hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me nā ion metala e like me ka cobalt, keleawe, a me ka nickel.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: ʻO ka sodium ethyl xanthate kahi mea hōʻiliʻili me ke koho maikaʻi ma waena o nā huahana moʻo xanthate. Hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka lana ʻana o nā ores sulfide maʻalahi a paʻakikī paha o nā metala non-ferrous. Hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā mea hana sulfide no ka lana ʻana o nā ores keleawe a me ke kēpau oxide. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka hydrometallurgy (e laʻa, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka electrolyte zinc) a ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolalelale vulcanization i ka rubber.

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate

• Formula Molekala: (CH3)2CHOCSSNa

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka melemele māmā (a i ʻole granule) me kahi ʻala hoʻonāukiuki, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ka hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ka sodium isopropyl xanthate i ka lana ʻana o nā ores sulfide o nā metala non-ferrous ma mua o ka sodium ethyl xanthate. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻiliʻili no nā ʻano ores metala non-ferrous sulfide a hiki ke lawelawe pū ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka hydrometallurgy; hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolalelale vulcanization i ka rubber.

Sodium Butyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• ʻO ke ʻano molekole: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka melemele māmā a hina paha keʻokeʻo (a i ʻole granule) me kahi ʻala hoʻonāukiuki, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me ka waiʻona, hiki ke hana i nā hui insoluble me nā ion metala like ʻole.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: ʻO ka sodium butyl xanthate (potassium) kahi mea hōʻiliʻili me nā hiki ke lana ikaika a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lana hui ʻana o nā ʻano ʻole ferrous metal sulfide ores. He kūpono loa kēia reagent no ka lana ʻana o chalcopyrite, sphalerite, a me pyrite. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka lana makemake o nā ʻano keleawe sulfide mai nā ʻano hao sulfide.

Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• ʻO ke ʻano molekala: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka melemele māmā (a i ʻole granule) me kahi ʻala hoʻonāukiuki, maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki ke hana i nā hui insoluble me nā ions metala like ʻole.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: ʻO ka sodium isobutyl xanthate (potassium) he mea hōʻiliʻili ikaika hoʻi i ka lana ʻana o nā ʻano ʻāpana metala sulfide like ʻole. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka lana ʻana o ke keleawe, ke kēpau, a me nā ʻāpana zinc sulfide, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka pono i ka lana kūlohelohe ʻana o nā ʻano ʻāpana keleawe like ʻole a me ka pyrite.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Formula Molekala: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka melemele me kahi ʻala hoʻonāukiuki, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: ʻO ka sodium isopentyl xanthate kahi mea hōʻiliʻili ikaika i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lana ʻana o nā ores metala non-ferrous e pono ai ka mana hōʻiliʻili ikaika akā ʻaʻole ke koho ʻana. No ka laʻana, he mea hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi loa ia no nā ores sulfide oxidized a i ʻole ke keleawe oxidized a me nā ores kēpau (ma hope o ka sulfiding me ka sodium sulfide a i ʻole sodium hydrosulfide). Hiki i kēia reagent ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi i ka lana ʻana o nā ores keleawe-nickel sulfide a me ka pyrite i loaʻa ke gula.

Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (Potassium)

• ʻO ke ʻano molekole: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka melemele māmā a hina paha keʻokeʻo (a i ʻole granule) me kahi ʻala hoʻonāukiuki, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: ʻO ka sodium pentyl xanthate (potassium) kahi mea hōʻiliʻili ikaika i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lana ʻana o nā ores metala non-ferrous e pono ai ka mana hōʻiliʻili ikaika akā ʻaʻole ke koho ʻana. No ka laʻana, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi loa no nā ores sulfide oxidized a i ʻole ke keleawe oxidized a me nā ores kēpau (ma hope o ka sulfiding me ka sodium sulfide a i ʻole sodium hydrosulfide). Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻana i ka lana ʻana o nā ores keleawe-nickel sulfide a me ka pyrite i loaʻa ke gula.

Helu 25 Laau Laau Eleele

• ʻĀpana Nui: Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Formula Molekala: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• Nā Waiwai: He wai ʻaila ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻala hoʻonāukiuki a me ka ʻino; hiki ke lapalapa, hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka wai.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Loaʻa i ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele helu 25 nā waiwai hōʻiliʻili a me ka huʻa. He mea hōʻiliʻili kūpono ia no nā ores sulfide o ke kēpau, ke keleawe, a me ke kālā, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka flotation makemake o ke kēpau a me ka zinc. He nāwaliwali ka hiki ke hōʻiliʻili o kēia reagent no ka pyrite a me nā ores sulfide ʻē aʻe i nā kaapuni alkaline, akā he mea hōʻiliʻili koho ʻole ikaika ia no nā ores sulfide āpau i nā media neutral a acidic paha. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kikoʻī, loaʻa iā ia kahi hiki ke hōʻiliʻili no nā ores oxide metala kaumaha. ʻOiai he mea hoʻoheheʻe iki kēia reagent i ka wai, pono e hoʻohui ʻia i kona ʻano mua i ka pahu hoʻomaʻamaʻa a i ʻole ka wili pōpō.

ʻO ka Laʻau ʻEleʻele Sodium Butyl

• ʻĀpana Nui: Dibutyl Disulfide Sodium

• Formula Molekala: (C4H9O)2PSSNa

• Nā Waiwai: He wai wai melemele-ʻeleʻele me ka ʻala hoʻonāukiuki ʻole a me nā waiwai kemika paʻa.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: He mea hōʻiliʻili kūpono ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele sodium butyl no nā ores gula a me nā ores sulfide o ke kālā, ke keleawe, a me ka zinc. He nāwaliwali kona hiki ke hōʻiliʻili no ka pyrite i nā kaapuni alkaline. Hōʻike kēia reagent i nā waiwai hua palupalu loa.

ʻO ka Sodium Helu 25 Laau ʻEleʻele

• ʻĀpana Nui: Dimethylphenol Disulfide Sodium

• Formula Molekala: (C7H7O)2PSSNa

• Nā Waiwai: He wai hoʻoheheʻe ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻaʻohe ala.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: ʻO ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele Sodium No. 25 kahi mea hōʻiliʻili kūpono no nā ores keleawe a me ke kēpau sulfide. Ma muli o kona hiki ke hōʻiliʻili nāwaliwali no nā ores zinc sulfide, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka flotation o nā ores keleawe a me ke kēpau sulfide mai nā ores zinc sulfide. Hiki ke hoʻohui pololei ʻia kēia reagent i ke kaapuni flotation.

Ammonium Butyl ʻEleʻele Laau

• ʻĀpana Nui: Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Formula Molekala: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka keʻokeʻo a hina hina paha me ka ʻono ʻole, palupalu i ka lewa, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a paʻa i nā kemika.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: He mea hōʻiliʻili a hoʻomāhuahua maikaʻi loa ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele Ammonium butyl no nā ʻores metala ʻole. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale kūikawā no nā ʻores sulfide o ke keleawe, ke kēpau, ke kālā, a me ka zinc, a me nā ʻores polymetallic paʻakikī. Loaʻa iā ia ka hana hōʻiliʻili nāwaliwali no ka pyrite a me ka pyrite magnetic i loko o ka pulp alkaline nāwaliwali akā he hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ikaika no ka galena. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka flotation o nā nickel a me nā antimony sulfide ores, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā ʻores nickel sulfide paʻakikī ke koho, nā ʻores nickel sulfide-oxidized i hui pū ʻia, a me nā waena o nā ʻores sulfide a me gangue. Hōʻike ka noiʻi ʻana he pono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau ʻeleʻele ammonium butyl no ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka platinum, ke gula, a me ke kālā.

Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• ʻĀpana Nui: N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• ʻO ke ʻano molekala: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Nā Waiwai: He aniani keʻokeʻo a hina hina-keʻokeʻo me ka ʻala ʻole, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hoʻoheheʻe kēia mea hana i loko o ka carbon disulfide, diethylamine, a pēlā aku, i ke alo

• o ka wela a i ole ka waika.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻiliʻili no nā ʻano metala hao ʻole. Hōʻike ia i ka hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ikaika no nā ʻāpana keleawe, kēpau, zinc, a me ka nickel sulfide. He mea kūpono loa kēia reagent i ka flotation o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana hana mineral. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā helu hoʻōla o nā metala i nā kaʻina hana flotation.

Nā Frothers Flotation

He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā Frothers i ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā minerala ma o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻōpala paʻa e ʻae ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale koho ʻana i nā minerala waiwai. Loaʻa nā frothers flotation maʻamau:

• Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Nā Waiwai: He wai ʻole kala, hiki ke lapalapa me kahi ʻala ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo MIBC ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka lana ʻana o nā ʻano ʻaila like ʻole, me ke keleawe, ke gula, a me ka nickel. Hoʻonui ia i ke kūpaʻa o ka froth, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā helu hoʻōla o nā minelala i makemake ʻia.

• Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Etera

• Nā Waiwai: He wai kala ʻole me kahi ʻala iki, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: He kūpono kēia mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā waiwai hoʻoheheʻe o nā kaʻina hana lana, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā ores sulfide. Kōkua ia i ka hana ʻana i kahi froth paʻa e ʻae ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻana o nā minelala waiwai.

• Polyglycol Etera

• Nā Waiwai: He wai mānoanoa e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a he haʻahaʻa ka ʻawahia.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Hana ka Polyglycol ether ma ke ʻano he frother a hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pono o ka flotation o nā minelala like ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka flotation o nā ʻāpana maikaʻi a me nā ultrafine.

Nā mea pale

ʻO nā mea hoʻopaneʻe he mau mea kemika e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lele ʻana o nā mineral kikoʻī. He mea koʻikoʻi lākou no ka mālama ʻana i ka koho a me ka pono o nā kaʻina flotation. ʻO nā mea paʻa maʻamau ka:

• ʻO ka sodium Cyanide

• Nā Waiwai: He mea paʻa kristal keʻokeʻo, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a he mea ʻawahia loa.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium cyanide e hoʻoheheʻe i nā minelala makemake ʻole i ka wā o ka lana ʻana, e ʻae ana i ka hoʻōla koho ʻana o nā metala waiwai, ʻoiai ke gula a me ke kālā. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hana gula, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kaʻina hana cyanidation.

• ʻO Sodium Sulfide

• Nā Waiwai: He mea paʻa keʻokeʻo a melemele paha, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, me kahi ʻala ʻawaʻawa.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka sodium sulfide e hoʻoulu i kekahi mau ion metala a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kaʻina hana flotation. He mea kūpono loa ia i ka flotation o nā ores oxidized, e like me nā mea i loaʻa ke keleawe a me ke kēpau.

• Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC)

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka keʻokeʻo e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, a hiki ke palaho.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: He mea hoʻopale polymeric maikaʻi ʻo CMC i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lana ʻana o nā minelala like ʻole. Kōkua ia i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke koho ʻana o ke kaʻina hana lana ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka lana ʻana o kekahi mau minelala gangue.

Nā Flocculants

Hoʻohana ʻia nā Flocculants e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā minerala a me nā huelo. ʻO nā flocculants maʻamau ka:

• ʻO Polyacrylamide

• Nā Waiwai: He pauka keʻokeʻo a melemele paha e hoʻoheheʻe nui ʻia i ka wai, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Polyacrylamide ma ke ʻano he flocculant i ka hana ʻana i nā mineral e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā helu hoʻonohonoho o nā slurries a hoʻoikaika i ka dewatering o nā tailings.

• Sulfate Aluminium

• Nā Waiwai: He mea paʻa kristal keʻokeʻo e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai.

• Nā Hoʻohana Nui: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka alumini sulfate ma ke ʻano he coagulant a me ka flocculant i ka hana ʻana i nā mineral e kōkua i ka hoʻomālamalama a me ka mānoanoa o nā slurries.