Kev sib piv ntawm Atmospheric thiab Pressure Leaching hauv Kub Mine Cyanidation txheej txheem

1. Introduction

Kev siv cyanidation yog ib txoj kev siv dav hauv kev rho kub ntawm cov pob zeb. Ntawm nws ntau hom kev ua haujlwm, kev siv cua thiab kev siv siab yog ob txoj kev tseem ceeb. Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem rho kub, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, thiab txo cov nqi. Tsab xov xwm no yuav ua qhov kev sib piv ntxaws ntawm kev siv cua thiab kev siv siab hauv cov txheej txheem cyanidation hauv qhov chaw khawb kub.

2. Txoj Cai ntawm Cyanidation Leaching

Kev rho tawm ntawm cyanidation yog raws li kev sib xyaw ntawm kub nrog cyanide thaum muaj oxygen. Cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg dav dav yog raws li nram no:

4Au + 8CN⁻ + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻+ 4OH⁻

Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, kub cov ntaub ntawv soluble kub - cyanide complexes, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv sib cais thiab zoo. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv atmospheric los yog siab leaching, cov ntsiab cai ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem zoo ib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kinetics raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub siab yam.

3. Kev sib piv ntawm Leaching Efficiency

3.1 Atmospheric Leaching

Atmospheric leaching feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm ambient kub thiab siab. Rau qee qhov yooj yim kub ores, xws li cov uas muaj feem ntau ntawm dawb - milling kub, atmospheric leaching tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov pob zeb nyuaj uas muaj ntau ntawm sulfide minerals lossis lwm yam khoom siv refractory, leaching efficiency ntawm atmospheric leaching feem ntau txwv. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tiav tuaj yeem ua rau qis kub leaching tus nqi. Piv txwv li, thaum cuam tshuam nrog kub ores uas muaj pyrite, leej faj nyob rau hauv pyrite yuav hnov ​​​​mob nrog oxygen thiab cyanide thaum lub sij hawm atmospheric leaching, haus oxygen thiab cyanide, thiab yog li inhibiting lub dissolution ntawm kub. Feem ntau, qhov kub leaching tus nqi nyob rau hauv atmospheric leaching yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 60% - 85% rau hom ores.

3.2 Siab Leaching

Lub siab leaching, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog ua nyob rau hauv siab siab. Qhov nce hauv siab tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov pa oxygen hauv cov tshuaj leaching. Raws li Henry txoj cai, siab dua ua rau muaj siab dua ib feem ntawm cov pa oxygen, uas nyob rau hauv lem ua rau kom cov concentration ntawm yaj oxygen nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Qhov siab - concentration yaj oxygen tuaj yeem ua kom oxidation ntawm kub thiab tsim kub - cyanide complexes. Rau refractory kub ores, lub siab leaching tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem refractory ntawm sulfide cov zaub mov, nthuav tawm ntau kub rau cov tshuaj leaching. Yog li ntawd, qhov leaching tus nqi ntawm kub tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias rau qee qhov refractory kub ore, kub leaching tus nqi ntawm lub siab leaching tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 90%, txawm tias mus txog 95% nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo.

4. Kev sib piv ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwm sim

4.1 Ntsuas Kub

• Kev Tshem Tawm Huab Cua : Feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm lossis ze rau qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig, feem ntau nyob ib puag ncig 25 ° C. Vim tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yog tsav los ntawm qhov kub siab, kev siv zog rau kev ua kom sov yog qhov tsawg heev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kub qis kuj txhais tau tias qhov nrawm ntawm kev ua tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb heev.

• Kev Tso Dej Siab : Feem ntau yuav tsum tau kub siab. Qhov kub feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 80 - 150 ° C. Kub siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm sai dua, tab sis nws kuj xav tau lub zog ntxiv rau kev ua kom sov lub kaw lus tso dej.

4.2 Cyanide Concentration

• Kev Tshem Tawm Huab Cua : Qhov concentration ntawm cyanide hauv cov tshuaj tshem tawm feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.02% - 0.1%. Rau cov ores uas muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis huv siab, qhov concentration cyanide siab dua yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov nyhuv tshem tawm, tab sis qhov no yuav ua rau tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig nce ntxiv.

• Kev Tso Tawm Siab : Vim yog qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qhov siab, qhov xav tau cyanide concentration tuaj yeem qis dua, feem ntau nyob ib puag ncig 0.01% - 0.05%. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog txo qhov kev siv cyanide xwb tab sis kuj txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig los ntawm cyanide residues.

5. Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov nqi

5.1 Cov Khoom Siv Khoom Siv

• Kev Tshem Tawm Huab Cua : Cov khoom siv rau kev tshem tawm huab cua yog qhov yooj yim heev. Nws feem ntau suav nrog cov thoob dej ntxuav, cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom siv aeration. Cov thoob dej ntxuav tsis tas yuav tiv taus qhov siab siab, yog li lawv cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom thiab cov nqi qis heev. Cov khoom sib xyaw yog siv los xyuas kom meej tias cov hmoov av sib xyaw, cov kua cyanide, thiab cov pa oxygen sib xyaw ua ke, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lawv lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion tsis siab heev.

• Kev Tshem Tawm Siab : Kev tshem tawm siab xav tau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas tiv taus siab, xws li autoclaves. Lub autoclave yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv alloy muaj zog heev kom tiv taus qhov siab thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem tswj siab, tswj kub, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb. Kev tsim thiab tsim cov khoom siv no nyuaj dua thiab xav tau cov txheej txheem siab dua.

5.2 Cov Nqi

• Kev Tshem Tawm Huab Cua : Tus nqi pib nqis peev rau cov khoom siv tshem tawm huab cua yog qhov tsawg heev. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm huab cua tsawg thiab lub sijhawm tshem tawm huab cua ntev, tus nqi ua haujlwm hais txog kev ua haujlwm, kev siv hluav taws xob rau kev sib xyaw ntev, thiab kev siv cyanide yuav siab heev rau lub sijhawm ntev.

• Kev Tso Dej Siab : Kev nqis peev thawj zaug rau cov khoom siv tso dej siab yog siab dua vim yog cov autoclaves kim heev uas tiv taus siab thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm nyuaj. Tab sis xav txog nws qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tso dej siab thiab lub sijhawm tso dej luv luv, tag nrho cov nqi ua haujlwm hais txog lub peev xwm tsim khoom thiab kev siv cov peev txheej yuav sib tw ntau dua rau kev ua cov hlau loj thiab cov hlau refractory.

6. Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig

6.1 Cyanide Residue

• Kev Tshem Tawm Huab Cua : Raws li tau hais ua ntej, kev tshem tawm huab cua yuav xav tau qhov concentration ntawm cyanide ntau dua, uas yuav ua rau muaj ntau cov cyanide residues hauv cov tailings. Cyanide yog lom heev, thiab kev kho tsis raug ntawm cyanide-muaj tailings tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hem thawj loj rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

• Kev Tso Tawm Siab : Nrog rau kev siv cyanide tsawg dua, kev tso tawm siab tsim cov cyanide residue tsawg dua hauv cov tailings. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cyanide mus rau qee qhov.

6.2 Kev siv hluav taws xob thiab emissions

• Kev Tshem Tawm Huab Cua : Txawm hais tias nws siv hluav taws xob tsawg rau kev ua kom sov, kev ua haujlwm ntev kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshem tawm yuav siv hluav taws xob ntau rau kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua kom muaj pa. Hais txog kev tso pa tawm, yog tias cov txheej txheem kev tshem tawm tsis raug tswj hwm zoo, nws yuav ua rau muaj qee cov pa phem uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

• Kev Tshem Tawm Siab : Kev ua haujlwm kub thiab siab ntawm kev tshem tawm siab xav tau lub zog ntau rau kev ua kom sov thiab tswj hwm lub kaw lus siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo txhais tau tias rau tib qhov ntau ntawm cov kub tsim tawm, tag nrho cov zog siv ib chav ntawm kub yuav sib piv lossis qis dua li ntawm kev tshem tawm huab cua xav txog lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntau dua. Hais txog cov pa phem, yog tias lub kaw lus siab kaw zoo, kev tso tawm ntawm cov pa phem tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo dua.

7. xaus

Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ob qho tib si atmospheric thiab siab leaching hauv cov txheej txheem kub mine cyanidation muaj lawv tus kheej yam ntxwv. Atmospheric leaching yog haum rau yooj yim kub ores nrog tsawg peev nyob rau hauv cov khoom pib, tab sis nws muaj kev txwv nyob rau hauv leaching efficiency rau complex ores. Lub siab leaching, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog cov pob zeb kub refractory, nrog kev ua haujlwm siab leaching, txo qis cyanide noj, thiab cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsawg dua ntawm cov cyanide residues. Txawm li cas los xij, nws xav tau cov cuab yeej siv nyiaj siab thiab ntau txoj haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas. Thaum xaiv ib txoj kev leaching, cov tuam txhab tsuas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog tej yam xws li cov khoom siv ore, cov nplais, peev nyiaj txiag, thiab ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab zoo tshaj plaws.